2014 pocketbook - [PDF Document] (2024)

ISSN 1977-4559

Energy

STATISTICAL POCKETBOOK 2014

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EU ENERGY IN F IGURES – POCKETBOOK 2014

Introduction

The energy sector is one of the pillars of growth, competitiveness and development in modern economies. To keep up with the permanent trans-formation of the energy sector in Europe we need to have a continuous supply of accurate and up-to-date data.

This publication provides an overview of the most relevant annual energy-related statistics for the European Union as a whole and for each one of its Member States.

The data contained in this Pocketbook is drawn from several sources: the European Commission’s services, international organisations, such as the European Environment Agency and the International Energy Agency and, where no data is currently available, the European Commission’s estimations. Indicator calculations follow the methodology established by the European Commission - DG Energy.

The publication is divided into five parts:Part 1. Energy sector at world and EU level, including main policy indicators.Part 2. Main energy indicators, at EU and Member States level.Part 3. Socio-economic indicators in the EU.Part 4. Impact of the energy sector on the environment.Part 5. Main energy indicators on a country-integrated view.

The appendices include a glossary and methodological notes.

This publication was produced using the most recent statistics available. However, as statistics are constantly being updated, corrections and updates will be disseminated, exclusively, via the “Country Statistics” page at:http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/countries_en.htm.

Recommended sources of data:European Commission websites:

DG EnergyPocketbook: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/statistics/statistics_en.htmCountry statistics: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/countries_en.htmMarket observatory: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/index_en.htm

EurostatEurobase: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database

DG Economic and Financial AffairsAMECO: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/ameco/index_en.htm

DG Climate ActionProgress Reports: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/g-gas/monitoring/documentation_en.htm#progress_reports

Websites of other organisations:

European Environment AgencyData and maps: http://www.eea.europa.eu/

International Energy AgencyStatistics and balances: http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp

Comments on this publication and suggestions for improvement are most welcome, and may be sent to [emailprotected], with the keyword ‘Pocketbook’ as subject.

1

This publication does not involve the European Commission in liability of any kind.

32 EU ENERGY IN F IGURES – POCKETBOOK 2014EU ENERGY IN F IGURES – POCKETBOOK 2014

Summary

PART 1 Overview

1.1. Energy in the World (Overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.1.1. World Energy Production by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.1.2. World Energy Production by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.1.3. World Gross Inland Consumption by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.1.4. World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.1.5. World Final Energy Consumption by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1.1.6. World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.1.7. World Electricity Generation by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.1.8. World Heat Generation by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1.1.9. World CO2 Emissions by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1.1.10. World CO2 Intensity by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

1.2.1. EU Energy Flow – 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

1.2.2. EU Energy Flow – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1.2.3. EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1.2.4. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

1.2.5. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports . . . . . . 25

1.2.6. EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

1.3. EU 2020 Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1.3.1. Renewable Energy Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1.3.2. Renewable Energy Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.3.3. GHG Emissions Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.1. Energy Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.1.1. Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.1.2. Net Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2.2. Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2.2.3. Imports – Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

2.2.4. Imports – Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

2.2.5. Imports by Country of Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

2.3. Energy Import Dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

2.3.1. Import Dependency – All Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

2.3.2. Import Dependency by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

2.3.3. Import Dependency – Solid Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

2.3.4. Import Dependency – Hard Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

2.3.5. Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products . . . . . . . . . 70

2.3.6. Import Dependency – Crude and NGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2.3.7. Import Dependency – Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

2.4. Energy Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

2.4.1. Transformation Input – All Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

2.4.2. Transformation Input by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2.4.3. Transformation Input by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

2.4.4. Transformation Output – All Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

2.4.5. Transformation Output by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

2.4.6. Transformation Output by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

2.5. Final Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

2.5.1. Available for Final Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

2.5.2. Final Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

2.5.3. Final Non-Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

2.5.4. Primary Energy Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

2.6. Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

2.6.1. Installed Electricity Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

2.6.3. Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer . . . . . . 94

2.7. Intermittent Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

2.7.1. Cumulative Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

2.7.2. Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

2.7.3. Wind Gross Electricity Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

2.7.4. Wind Capacity Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

2.7.5. Solar Collectors’ Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

2.7.6. Solar Installed Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

2.7.7. Solar Gross Electricity Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

2.7.8. Solar Penetration Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

2.8. CHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

2.8.1. CHP Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

2.8.2. CHP Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

2.8.3. CHP Electricity and Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

2.9. Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

2.9.1. Gross Heat Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

54 EU ENERGY IN F IGURES – POCKETBOOK 2014EU ENERGY IN F IGURES – POCKETBOOK 2014

2.10. Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

2.10.1. Fuels Final Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

2.10.2. Biofuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

2.11. Energy Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

2.11.1. Energy Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

2.11.2. Energy per Capita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

2.11.3. Final Electricity per Capita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

2.11.4. Primary Energy Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

2.11.5. Carbon Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

2.12. RES Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

2.12.1. RES Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

2.13. Energy Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

2.13.1. Prices of Transport Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

2.13.2. Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

2.13.3. Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.1. Classification of the Energy Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

3.1.1. Comparative Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

3.2. Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

3.2.1. Total Persons Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

3.2.2. Employment Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

3.2.3. Unemployment Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

3.3. Enterprises in the Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

3.3.1. Number of Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

3.3.2. Turnover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

3.3.3. Number of Persons Declared as Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

3.4. Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

3.4.1. GDP at Current Market Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

3.4.2. GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

3.4.3. GDP at 2005 Market Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

3.4.4. GDP per Capita at 2005 Market Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

3.5. Demography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

3.5.1. Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1. Gases Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

4.1.1. GHGs Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

4.2. Main Emissions Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

4.2.1. CO2 per Capita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

4.2.2. Carbon GDP Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

PART 5 Country Profiles

5.0. European Union 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

5.1. Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

5.2. Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

5.3. Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

5.4. Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

5.5. Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

5.6. Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

5.7. Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

5.8. Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

5.9. Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

5.10. France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

5.11. Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

5.12. Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

5.13. Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

5.14. Latvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

5.15. Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

5.16. Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

5.17. Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

5.18. Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

5.19. Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

5.20. Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

5.21. Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

5.22. Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

5.23. Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

5.24. Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

5.25. Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

5.26. Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

5.27. Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

5.28. United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

6

PART 1

Overview

EU ENERGY IN F IGURES – POCKETBOOK 2014

Appendices

Appendices – Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Appendices – Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Appendix 12 – Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Appendices – Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Appendix 13 – Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

9PART 1 Overview

Summary

1.1. Energy in the World (Overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.1.1. World Energy Production by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.1.2. World Energy Production by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.1.3. World Gross Inland Consumption by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.1.4. World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.1.5. World Final Energy Consumption by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1.1.6. World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.1.7. World Electricity Generation by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.1.8. World Heat Generation by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1.1.9. World CO2 Emissions by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1.1.10. World CO2 Intensity by Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

1.2.1. EU Energy Flow – 1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

1.2.2. EU Energy Flow – 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1.2.3. EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1.2.4. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

1.2.5. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports . . . . . . 25

1.2.6. EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

1.3. EU 2020 Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1.3.1. Renewable Energy Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1.3.2. Renewable Energy Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.3.3. GHG Emissions Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

10 11PART 1 Overview1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)1.1.1. World Energy Production by Region

PART 1 Overview1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.2. World Energy Production by Fuel

World Energy Production by Fuel

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2011 (%)

Petroleum and Products 3395 3702 4050 4078 4133 31.3 %Solid Fuels 2233 2294 3012 3648 3851 29.2 %Gas 1815 2062 2373 2720 2805 21.2 %Renewables 1207 1296 1430 1671 1702 12.9 %Nuclear 608 676 722 719 674 5.1 %Other 17 22 21 32 37 0.3 %Total 9275 10052 11608 12868 13202 100.0 %

World Energy Production by Fuel (%)

Total 2011 = 13 202 Mtoe

Other

Gas

Petroleum and Products

Renewables

Nuclear

Solid Fuels 31.3 %

29.2 %

21.2 %

12.9 %

5.1 % 0.3 %

World Energy Production by Fuel (Mtoe)

0500

1 5001 000

2 500

3 5004 000

3 000

2 000

4 500

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20112009

Petroleum and Products

Solid Fuels

Gas

Renewables

Nuclear

Other

Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

World Energy Production by Region

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2011 (%)

EU-28 965 950 905 841 809 6.1 %China 1065 1130 1701 2262 2433 18.4 %United States 1659 1667 1631 1723 1785 13.5 %Middle East 1140 1329 1523 1641 1788 13.5 %Asia* 826 934 1121 1373 1405 10.6 %Russia 968 978 1203 1293 1315 10.0 %Africa 772 890 1089 1168 1104 8.4 %Rest of the World 1879 2174 2435 2567 2564 19.4 %World 9275 10052 11608 12868 13202 100.0 %

World Energy Production by Region (%)

Total 2011 = 13 202 Mtoe

United States

EU-28

Middle East

Asia*

Russia

Africa

Rest of the World

China

6.1 %

18.4 %

13.5 %

13.5 % 10.6 %

10.0 %

8.4 %

19.4 %

World Energy Production by Region (Mtoe)

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

United States

Middle East

Asia*

Russia

Africa

China

EU-28

* Excluding China – Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

Energy in the World (Overview)

12 13PART 1 Overview1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.4. World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel

PART 1 Overview1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.3. World Gross Inland Consumption by Region

World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2011 (%)Petroleum and Products 3371 3657 4021 4146 4136 31.5 %Solid Fuels 2222 2358 2974 3595 3776 28.8 %Gas 1812 2072 2365 2740 2787 21.3 %Renewables 1208 1297 1429 1672 1703 13.0 %

* Hydro 213 225 252 296 300 2.3 %* Geothermal 39 52 54 65 66 0.5 %* Solar/Wind/Other 3 8 16 47 61 0.5 %* Biofuels and Waste 968 1033 1127 1295 1312 10.0 %

Nuclear 608 676 722 719 674 5.1 %Other 17 23 21 32 37 0.3 %Total 9238 10082 11532 12905 13113 100.0 %

World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel (%)

Total 2011 = 13 113 Mtoe

Other

Gas

Petroleum and Products

Renewables

Nuclear

Solid Fuels 31.5 %

28.8 %

21.3 %

13.0 %

5.1 % 0.3 %

World Energy Production by Fuel (Mtoe)

0500

1 5001 000

2 500

3 5004 000

3 000

2 000

4 500

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20112009

Petroleum and Products

Solid Fuels

Gas

Renewables

Nuclear

Other

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, May 2014 – Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2011 (%)

EU-28 1644 1693 1786 1724 1662 12.7 %China 1055 1175 1788 2531 2743 20.9 %United States 2067 2273 2319 2216 2191 16.7 %Asia* 879 1052 1258 1560 1593 12.1 %Russia 637 619 652 702 731 5.6 %Africa 442 502 604 691 700 5.3 %Middle East 309 358 488 641 647 4.9 %Rest of the World 2203 2410 2637 2840 2846 21.7 %World 9238 10082 11532 12905 13113 100.0 %

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region (%)

Total 2011 = 13 113 Mtoe

United States

EU-28

Asia*

Russia

Africa

Middle East

Rest of the World

China 12.7 %

20.9 %

16.7 % 12.1 %

5.6 %

5.3 %

4.9 %

21.7 %

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region (Mtoe)

500

1 500

2 000

1 000

3 000

2 500

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20112009

China

EU-28

Africa

Russia

Asia*

United States Middle East

* Excluding China – Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

14 15

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2011 (%)

Petroleum and Products 2810 3126 3451 3620 3633 40.7 %Solid Fuels 674 578 735 865 904 10.1 %Gas 1005 1119 1206 1356 1380 15.5 %Renewables 851 928 996 1114 1126 12.6 %Electricity 933 1090 1296 1537 1582 17.7 %Heat 285 247 266 272 281 3.2 %Other 3 7 6 8 11 0.1 %Total 6562 7094 7956 8772 8918 100.0 %

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel (%)

Total 2011 = 8 918 Mtoe

40.7 %

10.1 % 15.5 %

12.6 %

17.7 %

3.2 % 0.1 %

Gas

Petroleum and Products

Renewables

Electricity

Heat

Other

Solid Fuels

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel (Mtoe)

500

1 500

1 000

2 500

3 500

3 000

2 000

4 000

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20112009

Petroleum and Products

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Gas Electricity

Heat

Other

Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

World Final Energy Consumption by Region

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2011 (%)

EU-28 1127 1175 1242 1203 1150 12.9 %China 798 825 1171 1536 1643 18.4 %United States 1378 1546 1570 1519 1504 16.9 %Asia* 652 749 881 1083 1113 12.5 %Africa 326 380 447 515 525 5.9 %Russia 458 418 412 441 459 5.1 %Middle East 197 235 310 412 431 4.8 %Rest of the World 1627 1765 1924 2063 2092 23.5 %World 6562 7094 7956 8772 8918 100.0 %

World Final Energy Consumption by Region (%)

Total 2011 = 8 918 Mtoe

United States

EU-28

Asia*

Africa

Russia

Middle East

Rest of the World

China 12.9 %

18.4 %

16.9 % 12.5 %

5.9 %

5.1 %

4.8 %

23.5 %

World Final Energy Consumption by Region (Mtoe)

400600800

200

1 2001 000

1 8001 6001 400

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20112009

China

EU-28 Africa

RussiaAsia*

United States Middle East

* Excluding China – Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

PART 1 Overview1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.6. World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel

PART 1 Overview1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.5. World Final Energy Consumption by Region

16 17PART 1 Overview 1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.8. World Heat Generation by Fuel

PART 1 Overview1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.7. World Electricity Generation by Fuel

World Electricity Generation by Fuel

TWh 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2011 (%)Solid Fuels 4994 6002 7335 8655 9144 41.3 %Petroleum and Products 1232 1200 1141 966 1058 4.8 %Gas 2010 2740 3668 4781 4852 21.9 %Nuclear 2332 2591 2768 2756 2584 11.7 %Renewables 2638 2840 3292 4220 4422 20.0 %

* Hydro 2480 2620 2930 3442 3490 15.8 %* Solar/Wind/Other 10 35 116 381 505 2.3 %* Biofuels and Waste 133 170 233 387 422 1.9 %* Geothermal 40 52 58 68 69 0.3 %

Other 25 37 46 60 66 0.3 %Total 13231 15411 18251 21438 22126 100.0 %

World Electricity Generation by Fuel (%)

Total 2011 = 22 126 TWh

41.3 %

4.8 %

11.7 %

20.0 %

21.9 %

0.3 %

Other

Renewables

Solid Fuels

Nuclear

Petroleum and Products

Gas

World Electricity Generation by Fuel (TWh)

01 000

6 0005 0004 0003 000

8 0009 000

7 000

2 000

10 000

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20112009

Petroleum and Products

Solid Fuels Gas

Nuclear

Renewables

Other

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, May 2014 – Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

World Heat Generation by Fuel

PJ 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2011 (%)Gas 7166 6248 6739 6587 6790 47.2 %Solid Fuels 4370 4331 4718 5460 5634 39.1 %Petroleum and Products 1903 1122 940 771 749 5.2 %Nuclear 20 19 21 27 29 0.2 %Renewables 248 290 388 563 553 3.8 %

* Geothermal 8 8 10 13 12 0.1 %* Solar/Wind/Other 3 4 373 331 332 2.3 %* Biofuels and Waste 348 421 539 776 786 5.5 %

Other 158 199 845 624 644 4.5 %Total 13865 12209 13650 14033 14399 100.0 %

World Heat Generation by Fuel (%)

Total 2011 = 14 399 PJ

Other

Petroleum and Products

Gas

Renewables

Nuclear

Solid Fuels 47.2 %

39.1 %

5.2 %

3.8 %

0.2 %

4.5 %

World Heat Generation by Fuel (PJ)

1 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

7 000

2 000

8 000

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20112009

Solid Fuels

Gas Petroleum and Products

Nuclear

Renewables

Other

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, May 2014 – Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

18 19PART 1 Overview1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.9. World CO2 Emissions by Region

PART 1 Overview1.1. Energy in the World (Overview)

1.1.10. World CO2 Intensity by Region

World CO2 Intensity* by Region

Kg CO2 per toe (Average) 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011

EU-28 2470 2422 2396 2301 2313China 2924 2879 3077 2921 2951United States 2552 2571 2554 2517 2481Asia** 2042 2136 2195 2313 2322Middle East 2727 2736 2600 2571 2645Russia 2470 2438 2343 2278 2301Africa 1435 1437 1436 1456 1437Rest of the World 2401 2411 2407 2396 2454World 2442 2439 2469 2449 2475

World CO2 Intensity by Region (kg CO2 per toe)

Average 2011 = 2 475 kg CO2 per toe

500

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

3 000

3 500

EU-28

World

United States Asia** Middle East

Russia Africa

China

Rest of the World

World CO2 Intensity by Region (kg CO2 per toe)

500

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

3 000

3 500

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20112009

ChinaEU-28 Asia**

Africa Russia

United States

Middle East Rest of the World

* Per Unit of Gross Inland Consumption ** Excluding China – Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

World CO2 Emissions* by Region

Mio ton CO2 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2011 (%)

EU-28 4062 4099 4279 3968 3846 11.9 %China 3085 3382 5503 7393 8094 24.9 %United States 5275 5844 5922 5577 5435 16.7 %Asia** 1796 2247 2761 3608 3699 11.4 %Middle East 843 980 1269 1649 1711 5.3 %Russia 1573 1510 1527 1600 1682 5.2 %Africa 635 721 867 1007 1007 3.1 %Rest of the World 5291 5812 6347 6805 6983 21.5 %World 22560 24595 28475 31606 32456 100.0 %

World CO2 Emissions by Region (%)

Total 2011 = 32 456 Mio ton CO2

United States

EU-28

Asia**

Middle East

Russia

Africa

Rest of the World

China

11.9 %

24.9 %

16.7 % 11.4 %

5.3 %

5.2 %

3.1 %

21.5 %

World CO2 Emissions by Region (Mio ton CO2)

01 000

6 0005 0004 0003 000

7 0008 000

2 000

9 000

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20112009

China Asia**

Africa Russia

United States

Middle East Rest of the World

EU-28

* Sectoral Approach, including Bunkers ** Excluding China – Source: IEA, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

20 21PART 1 Overview1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.2. EU Energy Flow – 2012

PART 1 Overview1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview) 1.2.1. EU Energy Flow – 1995

EU Energy Flow – 2012 (Mtoe)

Net

Impo

rts:

922.

8

Direct Use: 9.4

Stoc

k Ch

ange

s: 6.

5Inte

rnation

al marit

ime Bunk

ers: 45.9

Distributio

n Losse

s: 27

Consumption in Energ

y Sect

or: 84.5Tra

nsformation Losse

s: 371.3

Fina

l Non

-Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion:

98.

6

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

– T

rans

port:

351

.7

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

– In

dust

ry: 2

82.8

Tota

l Pro

duct

ion:

809.

6

Gro

ss In

land

Co

nsum

ptio

n:1

683.

5

Tran

sfor

mat

ion

Inpu

t: 1

357

Tran

sfor

mat

ion

Out

put:

985.

7

Avai

labl

e fo

r Fin

al

Cons

umpt

ion:

1

201.

2

Fina

lEn

ergy

Co

nsum

ptio

n:

1 10

4.5

Supp

lyD

eman

dIn

term

edia

ryFi

nal

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

. – R

esid

entia

l: 28

9.2

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

. – S

ervi

ces:

148.

7

Final En

ergy C

ons. – A

gricultu

re/Fore

stry: 23.9

Final Energy Cons. – Fishing: 1.1

Final Energy Cons. – Non-specified: 7.2

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

EU* Energy Flow – 1995 (Mtoe)N

et Im

port

s:73

4.3

Direct Use: 2.4

Stoc

k Ch

ange

s: 9.

6

Interna

tional m

aritime B

unkers

: 35.4

Distributio

n Losse

s: 26.8

Consumption in Energ

y Sect

or: 88.8Tra

nsformation Losse

s: 370.4

Fina

l Non

-Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion:

105

.5

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

– T

rans

port:

306

.7

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

– In

dust

ry: 3

29.5

Tota

l Pro

duct

ion:

964.

9

Gro

ss In

land

Co

nsum

ptio

n:1

671

Tran

sfor

mat

ion

Inpu

t: 1

416.

2Tr

ansf

orm

atio

n O

utpu

t: 1

045.

8

Avai

labl

e fo

r Fin

al

Cons

umpt

ion:

1

184.

6

Fina

lEn

ergy

Co

nsum

ptio

n:

1 07

8.7

Supp

lyD

eman

dIn

term

edia

ryFi

nal

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

. – R

esid

entia

l: 28

3.6

Fina

l Ene

rgy

Cons

. – S

ervi

ces:

115.

3

Final En

ergy C

ons. – A

gricultu

re/Fore

stry: 30.6

Final Energy Cons. – Fishing: 1

Final Energy Cons. – Non-specified: 12.1

* Current 28 MS – Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

Energy in the EU (Overview)

22 23PART 1 Overview1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.3. EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

PART 1 Overview1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.3. EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

Energy Mix* – 2012 (%)

0 % 10 % 20 % 30% 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 %

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

Petroleum and Products

Nuclear Heat Renewables

Gas Solid Fuels

Wastes

* Primary Products only – Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

Energy Mix (%) – Primary Products Only

Total Primary 1995: 1 669 Mtoe (Total Primary and Secondary 1995: 1 671 Mtoe)

Gas

Petroleum and Products

Nuclear Heat

Renewables

Solid Fuels

Wastes, Non-Renewable

14 %

5 % 0 %

39 %

20 %

22 %

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption – Energy Mix (%) – Primary Products Only

Total Primary 2012: 1 682 Mtoe (Total Primary and Secondary 2012: 1 683 Mtoe)

Gas

Petroleum and Products

Nuclear Heat

Renewables

Solid Fuels

Wastes, Non-Renewable

14 % 34 %

23 %

17 %

11 % 1 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

24 25PART 1 Overview1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.5. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports

PART 1 Overview1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.4. EU-28 Energy Import Dependency

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports

2012

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

EU-28 Net Imports (Mtoe)EU-28 Energy Import Dependency (%)

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency

By Fuel

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Total 43.0 % 46.7 % 52.2 % 52.7 % 53.9 % 53.4 %Solid Fuels 21.5 % 30.6 % 39.4 % 39.4 % 41.7 % 42.2 %

of which Hard Coal 29.7 % 42.6 % 55.7 % 57.9 % 62.3 % 62.5 %Petroleum and Products 74.0 % 75.7 % 82.1 % 84.4 % 85.1 % 86.4 %

of which Crude and NGL 73.0 % 74.5 % 81.3 % 84.6 % 85.5 % 87.8 %Natural Gas 43.4 % 48.9 % 57.1 % 62.1 % 67.1 % 65.8 %

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency by Fuel – 1995-2012 (%)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

201220112005 201020001995

Total Solid Fuels Hard Coal Petroleum and Products

Crude and NGL

Natural Gas

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

26 27PART 1 Overview1.3. EU 2020 Targets

1.3.1. Renewable Energy Targets

PART 1 Overview1.2. Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.6. EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin

Renewable Energy Targets*

%2012 Overall

RES Share 2012 RES

Interim Target 2020

RES Target

EU-28 14.1 % 10.7 % 20.0 %BE 6.8 % 4.4 % 13.0 %BG 16.3 % 10.7 % 16.0 %CZ 11.2 % 7.5 % 13.0 %DK 26.0 % 19.6 % 30.0 %DE 12.4 % 8.2 % 18.0 %EE 25.8 % 19.4 % 25.0 %IE 7.2 % 5.7 % 16.0 %EL 13.8 % 9.1 % 18.0 %ES 14.3 % 11.0 % 20.0 %FR 13.4 % 12.8 % 23.0 %HR 16.8 % 14.1 % 20.0 %IT 13.5 % 7.6 % 17.0 %CY 6.8 % 4.9 % 13.0 %LV 35.8 % 34.1 % 40.0 %LT 21.7 % 16.6 % 23.0 %LU 3.1 % 2.9 % 11.0 %HU 9.6 % 6.0 % 13.0 %MT 1.4 % 2.0 % 10.0 %NL 4.5 % 4.7 % 14.0 %AT 32.1 % 25.4 % 34.0 %PL 11.0 % 8.8 % 15.0 %PT 24.6 % 22.6 % 31.0 %RO 22.9 % 19.0 % 24.0 %SI 20.2 % 17.8 % 25.0 %SK 10.4 % 8.2 % 14.0 %FI 34.3 % 30.4 % 38.0 %SE 51.0 % 41.6 % 49.0 %UK 4.2 % 4.0 % 15.0 %

* As % of the Gross Final Energy Consumption Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

EU-28 Imports* by Country of Origin

Imports* of Crude Oil – 2012Total = 523 094 kton

Imports* of Natural Gas – 2012Total = 12 824 707 TJ-GCV

Imports* of Solid Fuels – 2012Total = 217 749 kton

* From Extra-EU – Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

EU 2020 Targets

34 %

11 %

9 % 8 %

8 %

5 %

4 %

4 %

17 %

Saudi Arabia

Russia

Nigeria

Libya

Kazakhstan

Iraq

Azerbaijan

Other

Norway 34 %

11 %

9 % 8 %

8 %

5 %

4 %

4 %

17 %

Saudi Arabia

Russia

Nigeria

Libya

Kazakhstan

Iraq

Azerbaijan

Other

Norway

Algeria

Russia

Qatar

Not specified

Nigeria

Trinidad and Tobago

Other

Norway

32 %

31 %

13 %

8 %

7 %

2 % 4 %

1 % 2 %

Libya

Algeria

Russia

Qatar

Not specified

Nigeria

Trinidad and Tobago

Other

Norway

32 %

31 %

13 %

8 %

7 %

2 % 4 %

1 % 2 %

Libya

United States

Russia

Australia

South Africa

Indonesia

Not Specified

Canada

Other

Colombia 26 %

24 % 23 %

7 %

6 %

5 %

4 % 2 %

3 %

United States

Russia

Australia

South Africa

Indonesia

Not Specified

Canada

Other

Colombia 26 %

24 % 23 %

7 %

6 %

5 %

4 % 2 %

3 %

28 29

Renewable Energy Targets* (%)

EU-28

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

2020 RES Target

2012 Overall RES Share

RES Interim Target

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

Renewable Energy Shares* (%)

Overall, Heating and Cooling (H&C), Electricity (E), and Transport (T) Shares

EU-28

0 10 20 30 40 70 60 50

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

2012 RES-E

2012 Overall RES Share

2012 RES-H&C

2012 RES-T

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

PART 1 Overview1.3. EU 2020 Targets

1.3.2. Renewable Energy Shares

PART 1 Overview1.3. EU 2020 Targets

1.3.1. Renewable Energy Targets

30

PART 2

in the EUEnergy

PART 1 Overview1.3. EU 2020 Targets

1.3.3. GHG Emissions Targets

GHG Emissions Targets*

Emissions Compared to 1990

Index 100=1990 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 100 93 92 93 86 83 82BE 100 105 103 100 93 85 83BG 100 70 54 58 55 60 56CZ 100 77 75 74 70 68 67DK 100 111 100 94 90 83 77DE 100 90 84 81 77 74 77EE 100 49 42 46 49 52 47IE 100 107 124 128 113 106 107EL 100 105 120 128 112 110 106ES 100 111 135 154 125 126 122FR 100 99 101 102 94 89 89HR 100 73 83 96 90 89 83IT 100 102 107 112 97 95 90CY 100 121 138 150 151 147 148LV 100 48 38 42 47 45 43LT 100 45 40 48 43 44 44LU 100 81 81 108 102 100 97HU 100 81 80 81 69 67 64MT 100 123 130 147 150 151 157NL 100 107 103 102 101 95 93AT 100 103 104 120 110 108 104PL 100 95 84 85 88 88 86PT 100 117 138 145 119 116 115RO 100 71 55 58 48 50 48SI 100 101 103 110 106 106 103SK 100 74 69 71 64 63 58FI 100 100 99 98 107 97 88SE 100 102 96 93 91 86 81UK 100 93 90 89 80 75 78

* Emissions of the Kyoto basket of GHG Source: Eurostat, July 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

33PART 2 Energy in the EU

Summary

2.1. Energy Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.1.1. Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.1.2. Net Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2.2. Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2.2.3. Imports – Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

2.2.4. Imports – Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

2.2.5. Imports by Country of Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

2.3. Energy Import Dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

2.3.1. Import Dependency – All Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

2.3.2. Import Dependency by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

2.3.3. Import Dependency – Solid Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

2.3.4. Import Dependency – Hard Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

2.3.5. Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products . . . . . . . . . 70

2.3.6. Import Dependency – Crude and NGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2.3.7. Import Dependency – Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

2.4. Energy Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

2.4.1. Transformation Input – All Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

2.4.2. Transformation Input by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2.4.3. Transformation Input by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

2.4.4. Transformation Output – All Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

2.4.5. Transformation Output by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

2.4.6. Transformation Output by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

2.5. Final Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

2.5.1. Available for Final Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

2.5.2. Final Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

2.5.3. Final Non-Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

2.5.4. Primary Energy Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

2.6. Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

2.6.1. Installed Electricity Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

2.6.3. Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer . . . . . . 94

34 35

Production*

All Fuels

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 964.9 947.3 906.3 845.0 815.9 809.6Index 1995 100 % 98 % 94 % 88 % 85 % 84 %

BE 11.83 13.61 13.72 15.17 18.29 16.29BG 10.27 9.87 10.70 10.53 12.29 11.68CZ 32.43 30.63 32.86 31.58 32.03 32.56DK 16.28 28.81 30.82 23.20 20.51 18.89DE 145.19 135.55 139.05 133.74 126.98 128.09EE 3.88 3.55 4.38 5.60 5.74 5.83IE 4.10 2.16 1.65 1.86 1.73 1.35EL 9.36 10.01 10.32 9.47 9.65 10.45ES 31.43 31.49 30.09 34.40 31.98 33.51FR 127.36 130.20 135.93 134.85 135.32 134.01HR 4.18 3.59 3.81 4.22 3.85 3.62IT 29.83 28.49 27.84 29.56 31.18 31.95CY 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.10 0.11LV 1.43 1.47 1.87 2.12 2.08 2.34LT 3.78 3.28 3.96 1.33 1.31 1.34LU 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13HU 13.90 11.60 10.37 11.07 10.80 10.60MT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01NL 66.72 57.55 62.22 74.55 68.34 69.34AT 8.76 9.78 10.01 12.17 11.64 12.85PL 99.38 79.94 78.91 67.59 68.61 71.88PT 3.38 3.89 3.61 5.58 5.32 4.60RO 32.31 28.46 28.22 27.82 27.94 27.43SI 2.96 3.09 3.49 3.69 3.79 3.54SK 5.06 6.39 6.69 6.34 6.56 6.56FI 13.13 15.16 16.95 17.93 17.65 17.72SE 31.38 30.05 34.26 32.76 32.97 35.81UK 256.46 268.55 204.42 147.65 129.12 117.05

Production – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

1 000

1 500

500

1990 1992 1996 2000 2004 20081994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2012

EU-28

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.1. Production

PART 2 Energy in the EU

2.7. Intermittent Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

2.7.1. Cumulative Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

2.7.2. Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

2.7.3. Wind Gross Electricity Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

2.7.4. Wind Capacity Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

2.7.5. Solar Collectors’ Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

2.7.6. Solar Installed Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

2.7.7. Solar Gross Electricity Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

2.7.8. Solar Penetration Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

2.8. CHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

2.8.1. CHP Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

2.8.2. CHP Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

2.8.3. CHP Electricity and Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

2.9. Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

2.9.1. Gross Heat Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

2.10. Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

2.10.1. Fuels Final Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

2.10.2. Biofuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

2.11. Energy Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

2.11.1. Energy Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

2.11.2. Energy per Capita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

2.11.3. Final Electricity per Capita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

2.11.4. Primary Energy Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

2.11.5. Carbon Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

2.12. RES Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

2.12.1. RES Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

2.13. Energy Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

2.13.1. Prices of Transport Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

2.13.2. Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

2.13.3. Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Energy Supply

36 37PART 2 Energy in the EU2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.1. Production

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.1. Production

Production*

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

50

300

250

200

150

400

350

100

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Solid Fuels

Nuclear

Petroleum and Products

Renewables

Gases

Wastes, Non-Renewable

Production* by Fuel – EU-28 – 2012 (% of Total)

Total = 810 Mtoe

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Gases

Petroleum and Products

Wastes, Non-Renewable

Nuclear 28 %

21 % 22 %

16 %

11 % 2 %

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Production*

By Fuel

2012

Mtoe Nuc

lear

Solid

Fue

ls

Rene

wab

les

Gas

es

Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

Was

tes,

N

on-R

enew

able

EU-28 227.7 167.5 177.4 133.4 89.9 13.6Share (%) 28.1 % 20.7 % 21.9 % 16.5 % 11.1 % 1.7 %

BE 10.39 0.00 2.82 0.00 0.62 2.46BG 4.09 5.61 1.64 0.31 0.03 0.01CZ 7.85 20.68 3.25 0.21 0.35 0.22DK 0.00 0.00 3.11 5.21 10.17 0.40DE 25.66 47.60 32.91 9.57 8.34 4.02EE 0.00 4.04 1.06 0.00 0.74 0.00IE 0.00 0.32 0.74 0.18 0.06 0.04EL 0.00 8.04 2.27 0.01 0.11 0.01ES 15.86 2.46 14.49 0.05 0.48 0.18FR 109.73 0.18 20.77 0.45 1.62 1.26HR 0.00 0.00 1.18 1.63 0.80 0.01IT 0.00 0.05 18.06 7.05 5.72 1.07CY 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00LV 0.00 0.00 2.33 0.00 0.00 0.00LT 0.00 0.02 1.20 0.00 0.12 0.00LU 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.03HU 4.09 1.61 1.96 1.77 1.09 0.09MT 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 1.01 0.00 3.78 57.68 6.20 0.67AT 0.00 0.00 9.62 1.56 0.98 0.68PL 0.00 57.82 8.48 3.83 1.15 0.61PT 0.00 0.00 4.36 0.00 0.00 0.24RO 2.96 6.35 5.24 8.68 4.17 0.03SI 1.43 1.09 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.03SK 4.05 0.57 1.43 0.13 0.35 0.04FI 5.93 0.99 9.93 0.00 0.69 0.18SE 16.52 0.14 18.51 0.01 0.09 0.54UK 18.16 9.97 7.10 35.04 46.02 0.76

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

38 39PART 2 Energy in the EU2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.2. Net Imports

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.2. Net Imports

Net Imports

By Fuel

2012

Mtoe Net

Impo

rts

Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

Gas

es

Solid

Fue

ls

Rene

wab

les

Elec

tric

ity

EU-28 922.8 531.7 258.6 123.9 6.8 1.6Share (%) 100 % 58 % 28 % 13 % 1 % 0 %

BE 46.13 27.79 14.17 2.79 0.52 0.85BG 6.60 3.78 2.04 1.49 0.00 -0.71CZ 10.78 8.43 6.10 -2.25 -0.03 -1.47DK -0.63 -2.64 -1.89 2.32 1.13 0.45DE 196.77 106.40 59.83 32.15 0.17 -1.77EE 1.11 0.90 0.55 0.02 -0.16 -0.19IE 11.83 6.57 3.84 1.31 0.08 0.04EL 19.98 15.78 3.67 0.19 0.19 0.15ES 99.41 59.24 28.07 11.59 1.46 -0.96FR 125.32 80.99 36.92 10.91 0.32 -3.83HR 4.35 2.45 0.89 0.55 -0.20 0.66IT 133.81 56.24 55.35 15.77 2.75 3.71CY 2.62 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00LV 2.69 1.65 1.38 0.09 -0.62 0.15LT 5.79 2.41 2.66 0.21 -0.05 0.57LU 4.34 2.84 1.05 0.05 0.04 0.35HU 12.33 4.79 6.05 0.99 -0.19 0.69MT 2.04 2.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 29.25 45.74 -24.60 6.85 -0.30 1.47AT 21.41 10.96 6.40 3.33 0.48 0.24PL 30.10 23.66 10.04 -3.51 0.15 -0.24PT 18.13 10.72 3.92 3.03 -0.23 0.68RO 8.02 4.51 2.30 1.26 -0.07 0.02SI 3.64 2.66 0.71 0.30 0.05 -0.08SK 10.02 3.03 3.92 3.12 -0.08 0.03FI 15.55 8.39 3.01 2.64 0.01 1.50SE 14.75 13.71 1.01 1.72 0.00 -1.68UK 86.62 26.07 31.21 27.01 1.29 1.04

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Net Imports

All Fuels

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 734.3 825.9 979.2 954.3 943.6 922.8Index 1995 100 % 112 % 133 % 130 % 129 % 126 %

BE 46.75 50.35 53.12 53.69 49.11 46.13BG 12.83 8.54 9.28 7.07 6.91 6.60CZ 8.59 9.40 12.64 11.38 11.97 10.78DK 7.27 -7.38 -10.14 -3.36 -1.19 -0.63DE 195.18 204.71 208.11 201.69 196.83 196.77EE 1.82 1.64 1.50 0.87 0.77 1.11IE 7.74 12.24 13.52 13.16 12.62 11.83EL 18.29 22.15 23.50 21.71 19.87 19.98ES 75.42 99.34 123.83 106.08 104.43 99.41FR 117.06 134.08 144.16 132.23 126.64 125.32HR 2.89 4.16 5.25 4.46 4.65 4.35IT 134.50 152.07 160.24 149.80 142.80 133.81CY 2.03 2.55 2.83 2.94 2.66 2.62LV 3.36 2.36 3.10 2.22 2.75 2.69LT 5.54 4.25 5.02 5.66 5.83 5.79LU 3.25 3.62 4.67 4.50 4.43 4.34HU 12.55 13.96 17.42 14.99 13.02 12.33MT 0.84 1.46 1.63 2.39 2.28 2.04NL 14.88 33.76 37.08 30.55 28.23 29.25AT 17.98 18.97 24.52 21.53 23.59 21.41PL -1.16 8.77 15.93 31.55 33.86 30.10PT 18.02 22.07 24.85 18.59 18.75 18.13RO 14.03 7.99 10.84 7.83 7.90 8.02SI 3.09 3.41 3.85 3.58 3.52 3.64SK 12.14 12.00 12.43 11.24 11.15 10.02FI 15.84 18.22 18.98 17.88 19.08 15.55SE 20.43 20.44 19.46 19.29 18.60 14.75UK -36.83 -39.22 31.60 60.76 72.60 86.62

Net Imports – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

1 000

1 500

500

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

40 41PART 2 Energy in the EU2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.2. Net Imports

Gross Inland Consumption

All Fuels

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 1671.0 1726.9 1824.2 1759.7 1699.5 1683.5Index 1995 100 % 103 % 109 % 105 % 102 % 101 %

BE 53.94 59.15 58.73 61.04 59.67 56.32BG 22.69 18.52 19.75 17.77 19.09 18.23CZ 41.68 41.17 45.12 44.73 43.23 42.78DK 20.22 19.75 19.58 20.15 18.75 18.14DE 341.57 342.28 341.85 333.67 317.12 319.45EE 5.53 4.98 5.62 6.16 6.19 6.12IE 11.04 14.30 15.04 15.13 13.99 13.85EL 23.87 28.29 31.41 28.73 27.80 27.75ES 102.08 123.64 144.22 129.87 128.21 127.29FR 241.77 257.60 276.36 267.12 257.84 258.39HR 7.09 7.82 8.93 8.56 8.53 8.12IT 161.76 174.22 187.47 174.76 171.99 163.22CY 1.95 2.40 2.54 2.73 2.68 2.51LV 4.62 3.86 4.59 4.77 4.38 4.54LT 8.64 7.06 8.71 6.78 7.00 7.08LU 3.32 3.64 4.80 4.64 4.56 4.45HU 26.18 25.30 27.61 25.81 25.10 23.55MT 0.76 0.80 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.84NL 72.67 75.57 81.47 86.61 80.21 81.78AT 27.07 28.98 34.35 34.60 33.65 33.65PL 98.83 88.99 92.54 100.92 101.22 97.97PT 20.64 25.28 27.48 24.28 23.61 22.20RO 46.31 36.65 39.21 35.80 36.56 35.37SI 6.07 6.45 7.33 7.23 7.28 7.00SK 17.72 18.30 19.03 17.86 17.40 16.70FI 29.28 32.42 34.53 37.07 35.51 34.09SE 51.47 48.90 50.99 50.78 49.71 49.79UK 222.25 230.56 233.99 211.21 197.29 202.29

Gross Inland Consumption – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

1 000

2 000

1 500

500

1990 1992 1996 2000 2004 20081994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Net Imports

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

500

400

300

200

700

600

100

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Gases

Renewables

Solid Fuels

Electricity

Petroleum and Products

Wastes, Non-Renewable

Net Imports by Fuel – EU-28 – 2012 (% of Total)

Total = 923 Mtoe

13 %

58 %

28 %

Gases

Solid Fuels

Renewables (0 %)

Electricity (-1 %)

Wastes (0 %)

Petroleum and Products

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

42 43PART 2 Energy in the EU2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption

Gross Inland Consumption

Renewables

2012

Mtoe Rene

wab

les

Biom

ass

and

Rene

wab

le

Was

tes

Hyd

ro

Win

d

Sola

r

Geo

ther

mal

Tide

, Wav

e

and

Oce

an

EU-28 184.4 123.1 28.8 17.7 9.1 5.7 0.0Share (%) 11.0 % 7.3 % 1.7 % 1.1 % 0.5 % 0.3 % 0.0 %

BE 3.34 2.87 0.03 0.24 0.20 0.00 0.00BG 1.63 1.13 0.28 0.10 0.09 0.03 0.00CZ 3.21 2.79 0.18 0.04 0.20 0.00 0.00DK 4.23 3.30 0.00 0.88 0.04 0.01 0.00DE 33.08 23.96 1.82 4.36 2.84 0.09 0.00EE 0.86 0.82 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00IE 0.82 0.40 0.07 0.34 0.01 0.00 0.00EL 2.46 1.40 0.38 0.33 0.33 0.02 0.00ES 15.98 7.53 1.77 4.25 2.41 0.02 0.00FR 21.09 14.11 5.05 1.28 0.42 0.19 0.04HR 0.98 0.54 0.40 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00IT 20.84 9.35 3.60 1.15 1.78 4.96 0.00CY 0.13 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.00 0.00LV 1.65 1.32 0.32 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00LT 1.16 1.07 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00LU 0.14 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00HU 1.77 1.57 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.11 0.00MT 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 3.50 3.00 0.01 0.43 0.05 0.01 0.00AT 10.11 5.90 3.77 0.21 0.20 0.03 0.00PL 8.62 8.01 0.18 0.41 0.01 0.02 0.00PT 4.39 2.79 0.48 0.88 0.10 0.13 0.00RO 5.19 3.90 1.04 0.23 0.00 0.02 0.00SI 1.04 0.65 0.33 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00SK 1.36 0.96 0.35 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00FI 9.95 8.45 1.45 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00SE 18.51 11.09 6.79 0.62 0.01 0.00 0.00UK 8.39 5.99 0.45 1.68 0.26 0.00 0.00

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Gross Inland Consumption

By Fuel

2012

Mtoe Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

Gas

es

Solid

Fue

ls

Nuc

lear

Rene

wab

les

Was

tes,

N

on-R

enew

able

Elec

tric

ity

EU-28 569.2 392.8 293.9 227.7 184.4 13.7 1.6Share (%) 33.8 % 23.3 % 17.5 % 13.5 % 11.0 % 0.8 % 0.1 %

BE 21.94 14.37 2.97 10.39 3.34 2.46 0.85BG 3.84 2.45 6.93 4.09 1.63 0.01 -0.71CZ 8.85 6.86 17.27 7.85 3.21 0.22 -1.47DK 7.08 3.50 2.47 0.00 4.23 0.40 0.45DE 108.30 69.82 80.35 25.66 33.08 4.02 -1.77EE 1.11 0.55 3.80 0.00 0.86 0.00 -0.19IE 6.57 4.01 2.36 0.00 0.82 0.04 0.04EL 13.32 3.66 8.14 0.00 2.46 0.01 0.15ES 52.91 28.19 15.14 15.86 15.98 0.18 -0.96FR 80.44 38.22 11.47 109.73 21.09 1.26 -3.83HR 3.43 2.41 0.63 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.66IT 59.94 61.36 16.30 0.00 20.84 1.07 3.71CY 2.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00LV 1.38 1.21 0.09 0.00 1.65 0.06 0.15LT 2.47 2.65 0.23 0.00 1.16 0.00 0.57LU 2.82 1.05 0.05 0.00 0.14 0.03 0.35HU 5.93 8.31 2.69 4.09 1.77 0.09 0.69MT 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00NL 33.85 33.00 8.19 1.01 3.50 0.75 1.47AT 11.96 7.41 3.24 0.00 10.11 0.68 0.24PL 24.83 13.60 50.55 0.00 8.62 0.61 -0.24PT 10.02 3.93 2.93 0.00 4.39 0.24 0.68RO 8.76 10.81 7.60 2.96 5.19 0.03 0.02SI 2.48 0.71 1.39 1.43 1.04 0.03 -0.08SK 3.38 4.37 3.48 4.05 1.36 0.04 0.03FI 8.95 3.01 4.57 5.93 9.95 0.18 1.50SE 12.69 1.02 2.19 16.52 18.51 0.54 -1.68UK 68.75 66.35 38.84 18.16 8.39 0.76 1.04

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

44 45PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.1. Energy Supply

2.1.3. Gross Inland Consumption

Imports – Solid Fuels

Total

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 116.2 131.7 153.5 136.3 146.0 150.6Index 1995 100 % 113 % 132 % 117 % 126 % 130 %

BE 10.34 8.33 5.92 4.28 4.14 3.61BG 2.42 2.38 2.57 1.75 2.04 1.55CZ 1.84 1.04 1.35 2.23 2.20 1.84DK 7.68 3.86 3.56 2.68 3.59 2.32DE 12.26 22.20 26.57 32.55 33.34 33.27EE 0.35 0.33 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.05IE 1.90 1.70 1.91 0.96 1.42 1.33EL 0.92 0.81 0.40 0.40 0.24 0.19ES 8.67 13.35 14.83 7.85 9.52 12.96FR 9.60 13.55 14.14 12.37 10.28 11.08HR 0.15 0.48 0.62 0.70 0.69 0.55IT 13.09 13.22 16.52 14.51 15.48 15.98CY 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00LV 0.17 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.09LT 0.16 0.08 0.17 0.21 0.27 0.23LU 0.49 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05HU 1.65 1.21 1.45 1.41 1.31 1.27MT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 11.52 14.06 13.02 12.82 15.01 14.98AT 2.64 3.06 3.99 3.36 3.24 3.33PL 1.08 1.02 2.15 8.27 8.86 5.89PT 3.86 3.97 3.23 1.70 2.24 3.12RO 3.07 1.93 2.96 1.28 1.15 1.27SI 0.19 0.24 0.33 0.28 0.26 0.30SK 4.18 3.47 3.90 3.22 3.20 3.20FI 3.85 3.55 3.35 3.98 4.61 2.67SE 2.80 2.43 2.58 2.57 2.37 1.73UK 11.34 15.23 27.71 16.67 20.35 27.74

Imports – Solid Fuels – Total – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

100

200

150

50

1990 1992 1996 2000 2004 20081994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Gross Inland Consumption

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

500

400

300

200

700

600

800

100

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Solid Fuels

Nuclear

Petroleum and Products

Gases

Renewables

Wastes, Non-Renewable

Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel – EU-28 – 2012 (% of Total)

Total = 1 683 Mtoe

Gases

Solid Fuels

Nuclear

Renewables

Wastes, Non-Renewable

Other (0 %)

Petroleum and Products 34 %

23 %

17 %

14 %

11 % 1 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports

46 47PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels

Imports – Solid Fuels

Ranking

Mtoe and % 1995 2012

Top 10 Ranking MS Imports EU-28 Share MS Imports EU-28 Share

Solid Fuels

1 IT 13.1 11.3 % DE 33.3 22.1 %2 DE 12.3 10.6 % UK 27.7 18.4 %3 NL 11.5 9.9 % IT 16.0 10.6 %4 UK 11.3 9.8 % NL 15.0 9.9 %5 BE 10.3 8.9 % ES 13.0 8.6 %6 FR 9.6 8.3 % FR 11.1 7.4 %7 ES 8.7 7.5 % PL 5.9 3.9 %8 DK 7.7 6.6 % BE 3.6 2.4 %9 SK 4.2 3.6 % AT 3.3 2.2 %10 PT 3.9 3.3 % SK 3.2 2.1 %

Top 5 Total 58.5 50.4 % 104.9 69.7 %

Total 116.2 100.0 % 150.6 100.0 %

Of which: Hard Coal

1 IT 12.6 11.9 % DE 30.9 21.5 %2 NL 11.0 10.4 % UK 27.6 19.2 %3 UK 10.9 10.3 % IT 16.0 11.1 %4 DE 9.5 9.0 % NL 14.8 10.3 %5 BE 9.4 8.9 % ES 12.8 8.9 %6 FR 8.9 8.4 % FR 10.4 7.2 %7 ES 8.1 7.6 % PL 5.7 4.0 %8 DK 7.6 7.2 % BE 3.4 2.3 %9 PT 3.8 3.6 % PT 3.1 2.2 %10 FI 3.7 3.5 % SK 2.8 2.0 %

Top 5 Total 53.4 50.4 % 102.1 71.1 %

Total 105.8 100.0 % 143.6 100.0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports – Solid Fuels

Hard Coal

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 105.8 120.7 144.1 127.3 138.0 143.6Index 1995 100 % 114 % 136 % 120 % 130 % 136 %

BE 9.43 7.46 5.70 4.09 3.87 3.36BG 2.35 2.25 2.49 1.70 2.00 1.51CZ 1.63 0.63 0.76 1.29 1.47 1.11DK 7.65 3.82 3.54 2.67 3.57 2.30DE 9.50 17.39 23.93 29.33 30.58 30.93EE 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05IE 1.87 1.68 1.88 0.95 1.41 1.31EL 0.92 0.81 0.40 0.40 0.23 0.18ES 8.09 13.25 14.74 7.71 9.41 12.84FR 8.91 12.49 13.00 11.41 9.37 10.36HR 0.07 0.44 0.57 0.66 0.64 0.52IT 12.58 12.87 15.94 14.50 15.45 15.98CY 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00LV 0.16 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.09LT 0.16 0.07 0.16 0.18 0.23 0.19LU 0.13 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05HU 1.23 1.12 1.30 1.40 1.30 1.26MT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 11.00 13.63 12.69 12.54 14.82 14.77AT 2.05 2.34 3.00 2.47 2.32 2.49PL 1.05 1.01 2.05 8.16 8.72 5.75PT 3.84 3.97 3.22 1.70 2.24 3.12RO 3.01 1.65 2.42 0.52 0.60 0.76SI 0.14 0.19 0.29 0.23 0.21 0.24SK 3.10 3.15 3.48 2.57 2.66 2.80FI 3.67 3.20 3.00 3.68 4.28 2.43SE 2.37 2.14 2.22 2.29 2.11 1.56UK 10.87 14.90 27.09 16.58 20.31 27.59

Imports – Hard Coal – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

100

200

150

50

1990 1992 1996 2000 2004 20081994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

48 49PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.1. Imports – Solid Fuels

Imports – Solid Fuels

By Member State – LU-UK – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports – Solid Fuels

By Member State – BE-LT – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

50 51PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products

Imports – Petroleum and Products

Crude and NGL

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 565.4 610.5 636.2 574.5 555.5 568.5Index 1995 100 % 108 % 113 % 102 % 98 % 101 %

BE 26.34 34.04 31.61 33.25 29.77 31.55BG 7.39 5.18 5.84 5.36 4.88 5.77CZ 7.06 5.68 7.70 7.78 6.94 7.14DK 5.44 3.78 2.72 2.75 3.07 3.79DE 102.37 104.69 111.74 92.31 89.49 92.49EE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00IE 2.27 2.99 3.16 3.14 3.09 2.98EL 15.51 19.60 18.92 20.39 16.67 21.37ES 55.34 57.70 59.94 52.69 52.41 58.92FR 78.65 86.84 85.42 65.21 65.37 57.59HR 4.26 3.97 4.05 3.56 2.89 2.36IT 73.81 83.27 89.91 79.64 73.39 70.02CY 0.80 1.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00LV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00LT 3.10 4.86 9.05 9.16 9.08 8.65LU 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00HU 5.89 5.88 6.25 5.67 5.84 5.44MT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 60.76 61.20 62.88 61.38 57.36 58.38AT 7.57 7.29 7.86 6.64 7.26 7.46PL 11.95 17.48 17.74 22.52 23.49 24.42PT 13.04 11.63 13.46 11.39 10.50 11.25RO 8.31 4.76 8.86 6.11 5.75 5.26SI 0.49 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SK 5.08 5.74 5.46 5.30 5.85 5.21FI 8.51 11.55 10.57 11.21 11.68 11.28SE 19.50 21.97 19.49 19.62 18.71 20.26UK 41.91 49.10 53.55 49.37 51.98 56.87

Imports – Crude and NGL – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

400

800

600

200

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports – Petroleum and Products

Total

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 801.8 870.1 954.3 918.5 897.4 904.3Index 1995 100 % 109 % 119 % 115 % 112 % 113 %

BE 44.80 52.91 58.21 56.55 54.02 54.48BG 7.96 5.97 7.55 7.60 7.22 7.94CZ 8.88 8.58 10.90 10.54 10.12 10.10DK 10.34 9.90 8.71 9.46 9.47 10.04DE 146.77 147.99 147.38 128.39 122.84 125.19EE 1.17 0.93 1.16 1.16 1.15 2.26IE 6.75 9.39 9.89 9.11 8.75 8.32EL 21.43 23.80 26.44 27.04 24.90 28.34ES 67.51 78.17 87.72 80.31 79.18 78.74FR 102.35 114.09 122.95 106.26 106.31 101.48HR 4.51 4.22 5.55 4.94 4.59 4.04IT 106.72 109.37 108.86 97.92 91.00 86.63CY 2.01 2.52 2.78 2.90 2.63 2.60LV 2.14 1.35 2.28 1.94 2.11 2.18LT 5.32 5.41 9.61 10.22 10.35 10.28LU 1.78 2.37 3.15 2.86 2.92 2.84HU 7.59 7.09 8.79 8.37 8.07 7.54MT 0.84 1.46 1.63 2.41 2.28 2.05NL 90.77 106.45 125.39 149.88 145.80 151.68AT 11.04 12.31 15.38 13.67 13.28 13.38PL 15.42 20.98 24.45 28.70 29.61 29.62PT 17.96 17.48 19.55 15.30 14.91 14.45RO 11.18 6.30 9.88 8.46 8.20 7.99SI 2.35 2.69 2.85 3.28 3.33 3.49SK 5.11 6.01 6.92 6.67 7.15 6.47FI 12.48 15.31 15.74 16.06 17.24 16.09SE 26.90 27.93 27.30 27.94 27.37 27.38UK 59.68 69.14 83.32 80.59 82.59 88.67

Imports – Petroleum and Products – Total – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

1 000

1 500

500

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

52 53PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products

Imports – Petroleum and Products

By Member State – BE-LT – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports – Petroleum and Products

Ranking

Mtoe and % 1995 2012

Top 10 Ranking MS Imports EU-28 Share MS Imports EU-28 Share

Petroleum and Products

1 DE 146.8 18.3 % NL 151.7 16.8 %2 IT 106.7 13.3 % DE 125.2 13.8 %3 FR 102.3 12.8 % FR 101.5 11.2 %4 NL 90.8 11.3 % UK 88.7 9.8 %5 ES 67.5 8.4 % IT 86.6 9.6 %6 UK 59.7 7.4 % ES 78.7 8.7 %7 BE 44.8 5.6 % BE 54.5 6.0 %8 SE 26.9 3.4 % PL 29.6 3.3 %9 EL 21.4 2.7 % EL 28.3 3.1 %10 PT 18.0 2.2 % SE 27.4 3.0 %

Top 5 Total 514.1 64.1 % 553.7 61.2 %

Total 801.8 100.0 % 904.3 100.0 %

Of which: Crude Oil and NGL

1 DE 102.4 18.1 % DE 92.5 16.3 %2 FR 78.6 13.9 % IT 70.0 12.3 %3 IT 73.8 13.1 % ES 58.9 10.4 %4 NL 60.8 10.7 % NL 58.4 10.3 %5 ES 55.3 9.8 % FR 57.6 10.1 %6 UK 41.9 7.4 % UK 56.9 10.0 %7 BE 26.3 4.7 % BE 31.6 5.6 %8 SE 19.5 3.4 % PL 24.4 4.3 %9 EL 15.5 2.7 % EL 21.4 3.8 %10 PT 13.0 2.3 % SE 20.3 3.6 %

Top 5 Total 370.9 65.6 % 337.4 59.4 %

Total 565.4 100.0 % 568.5 100.0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

54 55PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.3. Imports – Gases

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.2. Imports – Petroleum and Products

Imports – Gases

Total

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 180.12 242.37 323.74 365.77 355.11 344.14Index 1995 100 % 135 % 180 % 203 % 197 % 191 %

BE 10.42 13.28 14.82 19.55 18.67 14.17BG 4.56 2.74 2.46 2.13 2.26 2.04CZ 6.42 7.48 7.60 6.98 7.64 6.11DK 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.74 0.78DE 55.32 61.09 78.90 78.80 75.13 74.09EE 0.58 0.66 0.80 0.56 0.50 0.55IE 0.08 2.48 3.01 4.48 3.95 3.84EL 0.00 1.69 2.33 3.23 3.97 3.67ES 7.52 15.47 30.25 31.95 30.88 30.50FR 28.11 36.46 41.62 42.11 41.64 42.36HR 0.22 0.91 0.93 0.87 0.71 1.10IT 28.56 47.05 60.16 61.72 57.63 55.47CY 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00LV 1.00 1.11 1.43 0.90 1.41 1.38LT 2.03 2.06 2.49 2.48 2.73 2.66LU 0.56 0.67 1.18 1.20 1.03 1.05HU 5.53 7.35 9.81 7.91 6.60 6.74MT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 2.76 12.48 16.44 18.45 16.49 18.70AT 5.42 5.27 8.03 10.30 11.09 11.63PL 5.84 6.64 8.57 8.91 9.66 10.04PT 0.00 2.04 3.89 4.50 4.53 3.92RO 4.79 2.71 4.19 1.82 2.46 2.30SI 0.75 0.82 0.93 0.86 0.74 0.71SK 4.53 5.71 6.05 5.00 4.86 3.96FI 2.84 3.42 3.60 3.84 3.36 3.01SE 0.75 0.78 0.84 1.47 1.16 1.01UK 1.51 2.01 13.42 45.62 45.23 42.35

Imports – Gases – Total – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

200

400

300

100

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports – Petroleum and Products

By Member State – LU-UK – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

0 20 40 1008060 120 160140 180

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

56 57PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.3. Imports – Gases

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.3. Imports – Gases

Imports – Gases

By Member State – BE-LT – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

IT

CY

LV

LT

HR

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports – Gases

Ranking

Mtoe and % 1995 2012

MS Imports EU-28 Share MS Imports EU-28 Share

Gases

1 DE 55.3 30.7 % DE 74.1 21.5 %2 IT 28.6 15.9 % IT 55.5 16.1 %3 FR 28.1 15.6 % FR 42.4 12.3 %4 BE 10.4 5.8 % UK 42.4 12.3 %5 ES 7.5 4.2 % ES 30.5 8.9 %6 CZ 6.4 3.6 % NL 18.7 5.4 %7 PL 5.8 3.2 % BE 14.2 4.1 %8 HU 5.5 3.1 % AT 11.6 3.4 %9 AT 5.4 3.0 % PL 10.0 2.9 %10 RO 4.8 2.7 % HU 6.7 2.0 %11 BG 4.6 2.5 % CZ 6.1 1.8 %12 SK 4.5 2.5 % SK 4.0 1.2 %13 FI 2.8 1.6 % PT 3.9 1.1 %14 NL 2.8 1.5 % IE 3.8 1.1 %15 LT 2.0 1.1 % EL 3.7 1.1 %16 UK 1.5 0.8 % FI 3.0 0.9 %17 LV 1.0 0.6 % LT 2.7 0.8 %18 SE 0.8 0.4 % RO 2.3 0.7 %19 SI 0.8 0.4 % BG 2.0 0.6 %20 EE 0.6 0.3 % LV 1.4 0.4 %21 LU 0.6 0.3 % HR 1.1 0.3 %22 HR 0.2 0.1 % LU 1.1 0.3 %23 IE 0.1 0.0 % SE 1.0 0.3 %24 DK 0.0 0.0 % DK 0.8 0.2 %25 SI 0.7 0.2 %26 EE 0.5 0.2 %27 CY 0.0 0.0 %

Top 5 Total 129.9 72.1 % 244.8 71.1 %

Total 180.1 100.0 % 344.1 100.0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

58 59PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.4. Imports – Electricity

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.3. Imports – Gases

Imports – Electricity

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 17.0 22.9 28.8 25.7 28.4 31.2Index 1995 100 % 135 % 170 % 151 % 167 % 184 %

BE 0.81 1.00 1.23 1.07 1.13 1.45BG 0.17 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.20CZ 0.58 0.75 1.06 0.57 0.90 1.00DK 0.35 0.72 1.11 0.91 1.01 1.37DE 3.42 3.88 4.89 3.69 4.39 3.98EE 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.15 0.23IE 0.00 0.01 0.18 0.07 0.06 0.07EL 0.12 0.15 0.48 0.73 0.62 0.51ES 0.66 1.05 0.88 0.45 0.68 0.67FR 0.25 0.32 0.69 1.67 0.82 1.05HR 0.38 0.38 0.75 1.07 1.20 1.13IT 3.32 3.85 4.32 3.95 4.09 3.90CY 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00LV 0.23 0.18 0.25 0.34 0.34 0.42LT 0.45 0.44 0.49 0.70 0.70 0.69LU 0.49 0.55 0.55 0.63 0.61 0.58HU 0.28 0.82 1.34 0.85 1.26 1.46MT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 1.03 1.97 2.04 1.34 1.77 2.76AT 0.63 1.19 1.75 1.71 2.15 2.00PL 0.37 0.28 0.43 0.54 0.58 0.84PT 0.23 0.40 0.83 0.50 0.58 0.93RO 0.06 0.07 0.20 0.07 0.29 0.34SI 0.06 0.36 0.80 0.74 0.60 0.64SK 0.30 0.51 0.69 0.63 0.97 1.16FI 0.73 1.05 1.54 1.35 1.52 1.64SE 0.66 1.57 1.25 1.28 1.07 1.00UK 1.40 1.23 0.96 0.61 0.75 1.19

Imports – Electricity – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

20

40

30

10

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports – Gases

By Member State – LU-UK – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

60 61PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.4. Imports – Electricity

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.4. Imports – Electricity

Imports – Electricity

By Member State – BE-LT – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

IT

CY

LV

LT

HR

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports – Electricity

Ranking

Mtoe and % 1995 2012

MS Imports EU-28 Share MS Imports EU-28 Share

Electricity

1 DE 3.4 20.1 % DE 4.0 12.7 %2 IT 3.3 19.6 % IT 3.9 12.5 %3 UK 1.4 8.3 % NL 2.8 8.9 %4 NL 1.0 6.1 % AT 2.0 6.4 %5 BE 0.8 4.8 % FI 1.6 5.3 %6 FI 0.7 4.3 % HU 1.5 4.7 %7 SE 0.7 3.9 % BE 1.4 4.6 %8 ES 0.7 3.9 % DK 1.4 4.4 %9 AT 0.6 3.7 % UK 1.2 3.8 %10 CZ 0.6 3.4 % SK 1.2 3.7 %11 LU 0.5 2.9 % HR 1.1 3.6 %12 LT 0.5 2.7 % FR 1.1 3.4 %13 HR 0.4 2.2 % SE 1.0 3.2 %14 PL 0.4 2.2 % CZ 1.0 3.2 %15 DK 0.3 2.0 % PT 0.9 3.0 %16 SK 0.3 1.7 % PL 0.8 2.7 %17 HU 0.3 1.6 % LT 0.7 2.2 %18 FR 0.2 1.4 % ES 0.7 2.1 %19 PT 0.2 1.3 % SI 0.6 2.1 %20 LV 0.2 1.3 % LU 0.6 1.9 %21 BG 0.2 1.0 % EL 0.5 1.6 %22 EL 0.1 0.7 % LV 0.4 1.4 %23 RO 0.1 0.4 % RO 0.3 1.1 %24 SI 0.1 0.4 % EE 0.2 0.7 %25 EE 0.0 0.1 % BG 0.2 0.6 %26 IE 0.0 0.0 % IE 0.1 0.2 %27 CY 0.0 0.0 % CY 0.0 0.0 %

Top 5 Total 10.0 58.7 % 14.3 45.8 %

Total 17.0 100.0 % 31.2 100.0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

62 63PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.5. Imports by Country of Origin

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.4. Imports – Electricity

Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – Hard Coal

Top 15 Ordered by 2012 Volume

kton 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Russia 8800 14971 48780 48680 53086 55481Colombia 11161 22763 24236 36252 48235 51363United States 41118 20665 15736 30518 36470 49712Australia 19533 28608 27119 19251 17714 16054South Africa 32091 41923 51970 17622 15902 13702Indonesia 3403 9102 14946 10158 10281 9992Not specified 6603 5229 3358 7594 8811 9908Canada 4237 6378 6642 3637 4461 3610Ukraine 348 2058 4229 3178 4403 2826Venezuela 2821 3621 2003 685 1083 1079Kazakhstan 262 0 932 332 588 615Norway 329 928 1124 1385 1152 600Mozambique 0 107 0 0 99 99China 2443 1853 587 61 119 72Turkey 0 0 5 48 0 39Other 421 606 253 112 83 19

ktonExtra-EU 133570 158812 201920 179513 202487 215171Intra-EU 30108 31206 26520 21871 18105 15652Total Extra and Intra-EU 163678 190018 228440 201384 220592 230823

EU-28 – Imports from Extra-EU – Hard Coal – 1990-2012

Top 5 Ordered by 2012 Volume (kton)

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

60 000

50 000

70 000

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

Russia United States

South Africa Colombia

Australia

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports – Electricity

By Member State – LU-UK – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Graph to be read from top (1990) to bottom (2012) for each country.

64 65PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.5. Imports by Country of Origin

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.2. Imports

2.2.5. Imports by Country of Origin

Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – Natural Gas

Top 8 Ordered by 2012 Volume

TJ (GCV) 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012Russia 4245121 4581813 5207198 4184220 4277873 4101710Norway 1159830 1921081 3040181 3905143 3713876 4014988Algeria 1362649 2203075 2256826 1986351 1767006 1737510Qatar 0 12443 195713 1374583 1485596 1079762Not specified 58588 332289 937105 1334034 1260606 857664Nigeria 0 172020 436319 576077 589290 455339Libya 54497 33442 209499 381660 92597 246469Trinidad and Tobago 0 36334 29673 205267 140996 112065Other 47267 49082 475679 234911 227691 219200Extra-EU 6927952 9341579 12788193 14182246 13555531 12824707Intra-EU 1451229 1933316 2272283 2833534 2963968 3184622Total Extra and Intra-EU 8379181 11274895 15060476 17015780 16519499 16009329

Mio m3 Russia 112122 120732 136290 109923 111590 106760Norway 28929 47813 79189 100785 96157 103919Algeria* 33698 55607 57075 50340 44678 43932Qatar 0 309 4859 34636 37595 27273Not specified 1473 8126 23827 33969 32429 22254Nigeria 0 4385 10586 14015 14372 11148Libya 1353 830 5445 9980 2425 6469Trinidad and Tobago 0 902 751 5111 3503 2781Other 1184 1272 11962 5851 5663 5472

Extra-EU* 178759 239976 329984 364610 348412 330008Intra-EU 41164 54116 59648 74366 77669 82720Total Extra and Intra-EU* 219923 294092 389632 438976 426081 412728

EU-28 – Imports from Extra-EU – Natural Gas – 1990-2012

Top 5 Ordered by 2012 Volume (Mio m3)

60 000

40 000

20 000

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

160 000

1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

Russia

Norway

Not Specified

1990

Algeria*

Qatar

* DG ENERGY calculations Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – Crude Oil and NGL

Top 15 Ordered by 2012 volume

kton 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Russia 76319 120185 191514 182941 179205 177169Norway 102203 115904 97610 73428 65625 60577Saudi Arabia 82419 65143 60748 30774 41108 46210Libya 47978 45883 50681 53754 14614 43740Nigeria 28597 22532 18618 21796 31075 42806Kazakhstan 78 9993 26386 29705 29878 27424Iraq 0 31331 12290 16952 18197 21536Azerbaijan 0 3712 7255 22922 25043 20241Algeria 17031 21417 22776 8256 14967 16876Angola 4756 3862 7065 8483 10926 10563Mexico 7246 9770 10647 6783 7192 9104Iran 52467 35475 35611 29679 29495 6572Venezuela 9923 6946 6989 5002 4605 6195Equatorial Guinea 0 0 510 553 746 6056Other African countries 143 3035 4789 4761 6972 5076Other 80638 48205 31053 35470 39120 31200

ktonExtra-EU 509798 543393 584542 531259 518768 531345Intra-EU 50291 62313 48272 39637 33798 33336Total Extra and Intra-EU 560089 605706 632814 570896 552566 564681

Mio barrelsExtra-EU 3738 3984 4285 3895 3803 3895Intra-EU 369 457 354 291 248 244Total Extra and Intra-EU 4106 4441 4639 4185 4051 4140

EU-28 – Imports from Extra-EU – Crude Oil and NGL – 1990-2012

Top 5 Ordered by 2012 Volume (kton)

80 000

40 000

160 000

120 000

200 000

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

Russia

Norway

Nigeria

Saudi Arabia

Libya

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

66 67PART 2 Energy in the EU2.3. Energy Import Dependency

2.3.2. Import Dependency by Fuel

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.3. Energy Import Dependency 2.3.1. Import Dependency – All Fuels

Import Dependency by Fuel

EU-28 – Imports from Extra-EU – 1990-2012 (%)

100

90

80

70

60

50

20

30

40

10

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

All Fuels

Natural Gas

Hard Coal

Solid Fuels

Crude and NGL

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Import Dependency – All Fuels

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Imports From Extra-EUEU-28 43.0 46.7 52.2 52.7 53.9 53.4Index 1995 100.0 108.5 121.4 122.5 125.4 124.0

Intra and Extra-EU ImportsBE 80.9 78.1 80.0 78.2 73.9 74.0BG 55.9 46.0 46.7 39.6 36.0 36.1CZ 20.6 22.8 28.0 25.5 27.7 25.2DK 33.4 -35.1 -49.9 -16.1 -6.1 -3.4DE 56.8 59.4 60.4 60.0 61.5 61.1EE 32.4 32.2 26.1 13.7 12.1 17.1IE 69.4 84.7 89.3 86.5 89.6 84.8EL 66.7 69.5 68.6 69.1 65.0 66.6ES 71.7 76.6 81.4 76.8 76.4 73.3FR 48.0 51.5 51.7 49.1 48.7 48.1HR 40.6 53.0 58.5 52.1 54.4 53.6IT 81.9 86.5 84.5 84.3 81.8 80.8CY 100.4 98.6 100.3 100.9 92.5 97.0LV 70.4 61.0 63.9 44.3 59.9 56.4LT 63.1 59.4 56.8 81.8 81.6 80.3LU 97.7 99.6 97.3 97.0 97.2 97.4HU 47.9 55.2 63.1 58.1 51.8 52.3MT 104.7 100.2 99.9 99.1 100.7 100.5NL 17.7 38.0 37.7 30.4 29.7 30.7AT 66.4 65.4 71.3 62.2 70.1 63.6PL -1.2 9.8 17.2 31.2 33.4 30.7PT 85.3 85.1 88.6 75.1 77.6 79.5RO 30.3 21.8 27.6 21.9 21.6 22.7SI 50.9 52.8 52.5 49.4 48.1 51.6SK 68.5 65.5 65.3 62.9 64.1 60.0FI 53.5 55.1 54.2 48.0 53.4 45.4SE 38.9 40.7 36.8 36.6 36.2 28.7UK -16.4 -16.9 13.4 28.3 36.2 42.2

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Energy Import Dependency

68 69PART 2 Energy in the EU2.3. Energy Import Dependency

2.3.4. Import Dependency – Hard Coal

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.3. Energy Import Dependency

2.3.3. Import Dependency – Solid Fuels

Import Dependency – Hard Coal

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Imports From Extra-EUEU-28 29.7 42.6 55.7 57.9 62.3 62.5Index 1995 100.0 143.2 187.4 194.8 209.6 210.4

Intra and Extra-EU ImportsBE 108.5 90.4 100.9 100.2 102.6 93.8BG 73.0 100.5 94.8 88.2 102.9 107.2CZ -34.2 -56.1 -49.4 -58.0 -47.8 -47.5DK 118.0 94.8 94.3 69.3 111.1 93.6DE 17.1 39.2 57.5 73.7 79.9 79.1EE 102.4 116.1 96.4 118.3 95.7 126.6IE 105.9 93.2 100.8 79.3 111.1 90.3EL 95.2 105.8 112.4 100.5 102.1 76.1ES 48.5 66.8 74.4 85.0 70.0 77.6FR 58.0 87.3 92.9 100.6 98.8 93.5HR 74.6 112.8 90.6 102.6 98.5 87.3IT 105.6 105.7 99.7 101.5 96.0 96.8CY 100.0 99.9 93.7 84.9 0.0LV 92.9 82.5 96.7 106.6 102.3 99.3LT 69.1 100.0 102.5 95.4 111.5 95.6LU 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0HU 103.5 99.0 105.1 99.5 95.7 97.6MTNL 97.4 101.5 100.3 122.3 101.4 83.9AT 88.3 91.6 106.9 97.5 88.8 104.0PL -31.7 -29.9 -21.3 3.7 8.6 2.5PT 105.9 103.4 96.3 98.3 97.3 103.3RO 81.7 96.0 102.2 100.8 96.7 97.4SI 100.0 100.6 93.7 101.4 94.6 117.9SK 92.9 103.8 105.2 91.9 98.0 105.9FI 89.0 97.7 102.6 85.5 126.2 85.8SE 101.5 107.7 104.3 115.2 101.0 81.5UK 21.8 39.4 71.5 52.0 63.7 69.8

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Import Dependency – Solid Fuels

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Imports From Extra-EUEU-28 21.5 30.6 39.4 39.4 41.7 42.2Index 1995 100.0 142.5 183.5 183.7 194.3 196.3

Intra and Extra-EU ImportsBE 108.9 91.1 101.4 97.8 101.2 94.2BG 31.7 35.1 37.0 24.7 24.4 21.4CZ -25.5 -21.8 -16.1 -16.1 -14.0 -13.0DK 117.9 94.9 94.4 69.4 111.0 93.7DE 11.2 25.5 31.7 40.1 41.5 40.0EE 8.6 9.2 0.8 -0.4 -0.2 0.5IE 64.8 64.7 70.8 47.8 68.9 55.4EL 11.0 8.5 4.1 5.1 2.9 2.3ES 45.4 61.3 70.1 85.1 69.8 76.5FR 56.8 86.4 94.5 101.0 98.9 95.1HR 85.9 111.0 91.3 102.5 98.4 87.9IT 105.9 104.6 99.4 100.9 96.1 96.7CY 100.0 99.9 93.7 85.1 3.5 100.0LV 61.4 46.1 94.3 102.8 100.3 95.1LT 63.9 87.4 93.9 91.3 104.9 89.2LU 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0HU 29.5 28.2 42.8 41.9 37.6 36.8MTNL 97.8 101.9 101.4 121.5 100.8 83.6AT 75.7 83.9 99.3 99.9 93.1 102.6PL -30.2 -29.1 -23.9 -5.2 -1.1 -6.9PT 105.8 102.9 96.3 98.3 97.3 103.3RO 26.5 25.6 33.4 17.6 13.8 16.6SI 13.6 18.7 21.0 19.2 17.5 21.5SK 76.7 80.2 88.4 75.7 81.8 89.7FI 63.4 68.9 67.7 57.8 80.9 57.7SE 95.4 98.2 97.2 102.2 94.4 78.2UK 22.2 39.6 72.1 51.8 64.1 69.5

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

70 71PART 2 Energy in the EU2.3. Energy Import Dependency

2.3.6. Import Dependency – Crude and NGL

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.3. Energy Import Dependency

2.3.5. Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Imports From Extra-EUEU-28 73.0 74.5 81.3 84.6 85.5 87.8Index 1995 100.0 102.0 111.4 115.9 117.2 120.3

Intra and Extra-EU ImportsBE 99.8 100.2 99.5 99.9 100.3 99.7BG 99.7 98.7 97.7 99.1 98.2 99.8CZ 100.2 95.3 99.3 97.5 97.3 97.3DK 6.3 -120.5 -141.3 -68.8 -63.3 -31.2DE 96.9 93.8 97.3 97.0 96.3 98.1EEIE 100.2 89.8 98.9 101.6 100.7 95.9EL 98.8 99.5 95.2 99.5 96.5 100.7ES 99.1 100.6 100.1 99.3 99.7 99.3FR 95.8 98.5 98.2 98.2 97.9 99.2HR 69.2 72.1 78.9 82.2 83.8 74.3IT 92.8 95.1 94.0 94.5 91.8 92.3CY 96.3 98.5LVLT 99.5 94.5 95.3 99.0 98.3 98.8LUHU 71.9 78.6 81.2 85.2 85.5 84.7MTNL 93.8 97.7 96.7 97.6 95.9 97.2AT 87.6 86.9 88.5 86.1 86.8 88.7PL 97.1 99.1 97.3 98.4 97.2 97.1PT 100.0 99.0 100.2 98.8 100.7 100.0RO 54.9 43.5 61.3 56.5 55.1 56.6SI 95.9 87.0SK 101.5 97.6 97.7 99.9 100.2 99.3FI 94.1 101.5 97.5 101.1 98.9 100.9SE 99.3 100.6 100.4 99.0 100.5 99.3UK -47.7 -48.0 -0.2 13.1 29.0 36.6

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Imports From Extra-EUEU-28 74.0 75.7 82.1 84.4 85.1 86.4Index 1995 100.0 102.4 111.0 114.0 115.0 116.8

Intra and Extra-EU ImportsBE 99.6 100.2 100.8 101.4 100.7 99.3BG 99.6 95.4 102.2 101.0 97.7 96.9CZ 98.0 95.3 97.5 96.4 95.2 95.3DK 11.0 -80.8 -102.7 -43.9 -47.7 -34.8DE 95.8 94.6 97.0 95.9 94.2 96.0EE 80.2 77.4 70.8 57.5 56.1 60.0IE 100.2 98.8 99.7 97.5 101.1 98.5EL 98.4 100.2 97.7 98.6 93.8 101.3ES 101.5 101.0 101.2 99.9 99.8 96.7FR 96.9 99.5 99.4 97.6 97.9 97.9HR 55.6 61.1 79.4 80.4 79.9 71.4IT 93.3 96.1 91.8 93.5 91.0 90.1CY 102.6 100.3 102.3 104.2 95.8 101.0LV 102.6 94.8 102.2 94.4 101.8 101.7LT 114.5 100.3 91.9 98.7 91.4 93.0LU 98.3 102.1 99.4 99.4 99.6 100.5HU 71.0 76.0 81.2 84.1 82.2 80.8MT 104.8 100.3 100.0 99.2 100.8 100.8NL 84.6 99.8 97.1 93.3 91.3 96.7AT 89.3 89.1 91.4 89.3 91.2 91.5PL 95.9 98.7 97.5 97.0 95.9 94.7PT 100.6 99.4 102.3 97.5 100.8 100.9RO 48.6 34.2 38.5 51.9 47.0 51.4SI 97.8 101.5 101.3 100.0 100.1 105.0SK 100.6 90.5 88.2 88.7 90.0 89.7FI 94.7 103.5 98.4 89.4 97.3 92.5SE 95.6 100.8 104.0 93.6 99.9 95.4UK -57.4 -54.9 -3.2 14.8 27.1 36.3

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

72 73PART 2 Energy in the EU2.4. Energy Transformation

2.4.1. Transformation Input – All Fuels

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.3. Energy Import Dependency

2.3.7. Import Dependency – Natural Gas

Transformation Input – All Fuels

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 1416.2 1455.0 1527.8 1396.7 1371.7 1357.0Index 1995 100 % 103 % 108 % 99 % 97 % 96 %

BE 51.55 61.64 60.44 58.66 55.39 54.88BG 23.49 18.20 20.19 18.85 19.77 19.19CZ 33.10 30.72 35.46 35.00 34.26 34.60DK 19.22 16.82 15.39 15.69 13.87 13.95DE 268.82 264.63 276.12 250.75 238.99 242.61EE 3.70 3.41 3.89 4.68 4.89 4.61IE 6.30 8.33 8.06 7.70 7.10 7.36EL 27.08 34.06 33.95 33.42 30.87 35.72ES 94.09 106.42 114.63 102.19 103.29 110.32FR 198.94 218.10 227.97 206.03 207.79 193.81HR 6.53 6.67 6.85 5.68 5.19 5.32IT 141.98 150.89 165.68 149.97 146.53 139.34CY 1.48 2.06 1.08 1.18 1.14 1.09LV 1.49 1.09 1.06 1.16 1.07 1.04LT 8.46 8.85 13.94 11.29 11.13 10.79LU 0.28 0.10 0.58 0.56 0.47 0.49HU 20.05 18.95 18.80 19.50 18.83 18.13MT 0.45 0.49 0.73 0.58 0.61 0.65NL 101.47 104.09 111.18 85.78 83.19 81.29AT 15.89 15.19 17.32 16.74 17.40 17.06PL 68.92 69.26 69.60 75.94 77.33 77.67PT 19.53 19.52 21.87 17.94 17.33 18.03RO 36.90 26.90 29.77 23.88 24.92 23.17SI 3.30 2.78 3.12 3.08 3.25 3.00SK 14.26 15.55 16.64 15.01 15.74 14.89FI 25.48 28.23 29.29 33.47 32.80 31.10SE 45.28 44.24 46.58 45.86 43.48 46.55UK 178.14 177.78 177.61 156.14 155.06 150.35

Transformation Input – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-280

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Import Dependency – Natural Gas

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Imports From Extra-EUEU-28 43.4 48.9 57.1 62.1 67.1 65.8Index 1995 100.0 112.7 131.6 143.3 154.8 151.8

Intra and Extra-EU ImportsBE 98.2 99.3 100.6 98.8 100.6 98.6BG 99.5 93.5 87.7 92.6 86.1 83.3CZ 98.0 99.8 97.8 84.8 110.2 89.0DK -47.2 -64.8 -113.9 -68.3 -55.3 -54.2DE 78.6 79.1 79.6 81.2 86.8 85.7EE 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0IE 3.6 72.1 86.7 95.7 96.1 95.6EL 0.0 99.1 99.1 99.9 100.0 100.3ES 97.4 101.6 101.4 99.4 101.6 99.6FR 93.0 100.0 99.3 93.0 103.3 96.6HR 11.6 41.0 23.7 18.1 19.5 37.0IT 63.9 81.1 84.7 90.5 90.2 90.2CYLV 99.0 101.9 105.6 61.8 109.4 113.8LT 100.0 100.0 100.6 99.7 100.3 100.1LU 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.7HU 60.3 75.4 81.1 78.7 65.6 72.9MTNL -76.4 -49.1 -59.3 -61.6 -68.6 -74.5AT 84.8 80.6 87.7 74.4 103.2 86.3PL 64.6 66.3 69.7 69.3 75.1 73.8PT 100.3 103.8 100.4 101.6 99.7RO 24.9 19.8 30.1 16.8 22.2 21.2SI 100.6 99.3 99.6 99.3 99.8 99.8SK 86.8 98.8 97.5 99.9 104.8 89.8FI 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0SE 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0UK 1.0 -10.7 7.0 37.7 44.2 47.0

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Energy Transformation

74 75PART 2 Energy in the EU2.4. Energy Transformation

2.4.3. Transformation Input by Sector

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.4. Energy Transformation

2.4.2. Transformation Input by Fuel

Transformation Input by Sector

2012

Mtoe Tota

l,

All S

ecto

rs

Conv

entio

nal

Ther

mal

Pow

er

Stat

ions

Nuc

lear

Po

wer

Sta

tions

Dis

tric

t H

eatin

g Pl

ants

Refin

erie

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and

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b-pr

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Inpu

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ustr

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EU-28 1357.0 403.0 227.7 20.8 644.5 61.0Share (%) 100.0 % 29.7 % 16.8 % 1.5 % 47.5 % 4.5 %

BE 54.88 6.96 10.39 0.03 35.19 2.31BG 19.19 7.52 4.09 0.21 6.50 0.87CZ 34.60 15.10 7.85 0.66 7.71 3.28DK 13.95 5.40 0.00 0.89 7.65 0.01DE 242.61 93.85 25.66 4.72 102.55 15.84EE 4.61 2.91 0.00 0.45 0.00 1.26IE 7.36 4.16 0.00 0.00 3.11 0.09EL 35.72 11.44 0.00 0.00 24.28 0.00ES 110.32 30.16 15.86 0.00 62.04 2.26FR 193.81 15.03 109.73 1.52 63.14 4.37HR 5.32 1.25 0.00 0.08 3.81 0.18IT 139.34 51.68 0.00 0.13 83.03 4.50CY 1.09 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00LV 1.04 0.73 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.01LT 10.79 1.09 0.00 0.48 9.21 0.00LU 0.49 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00HU 18.13 4.31 4.09 0.66 7.78 1.30MT 0.65 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 81.29 18.84 1.01 0.26 58.18 3.01AT 17.06 5.26 0.00 0.89 8.87 2.04PL 77.67 38.27 0.00 3.27 26.57 9.57PT 18.03 6.29 0.00 0.00 11.70 0.04RO 23.17 9.38 2.96 0.46 10.10 0.28SI 3.00 1.52 1.43 0.06 0.00 0.00SK 14.89 2.51 4.05 0.42 5.79 2.12FI 31.10 7.52 5.93 1.58 14.66 1.41SE 46.55 5.47 16.52 1.43 21.77 1.36UK 150.35 54.10 18.16 2.31 70.90 4.87

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Transformation Input by Fuel

2012

Mtoe Tota

l,

All P

rodu

cts

Solid

Fue

ls

Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

Gas

es

Nuc

lear

Rene

wab

les

Was

tes,

non-

RES

EU-28 1357.0 278.5 663.5 125.4 227.7 51.7 9.1Share (%) 100.0 % 20.5 % 48.9 % 9.2 % 16.8 % 3.8 % 0.7 %

BE 54.88 3.11 35.22 4.15 10.39 1.28 0.60BG 19.19 7.37 6.67 1.02 4.09 0.02 0.00CZ 34.60 16.40 7.77 1.69 7.85 0.82 0.06DK 13.95 2.43 7.80 1.33 0.00 1.98 0.38DE 242.61 79.66 104.32 19.18 25.66 10.68 3.11EE 4.61 3.78 0.05 0.44 0.00 0.34 0.00IE 7.36 1.81 3.15 2.26 0.00 0.11 0.02EL 35.72 7.91 25.50 2.22 0.00 0.08 0.01ES 110.32 14.66 65.42 11.33 15.86 2.87 0.18FR 193.81 9.00 64.27 6.83 109.73 2.54 1.10HR 5.32 0.50 3.93 0.84 0.00 0.04 0.00IT 139.34 15.57 88.88 25.12 0.00 8.92 0.85CY 1.09 0.00 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00LV 1.04 0.01 0.01 0.77 0.00 0.24 0.00LT 10.79 0.01 9.36 1.03 0.00 0.32 0.00LU 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.02 0.02HU 18.13 2.98 7.83 2.68 4.09 0.51 0.05MT 0.65 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 81.29 7.81 58.79 10.56 1.01 2.07 0.75AT 17.06 2.95 8.94 2.59 0.00 2.19 0.40PL 77.67 45.46 26.74 2.82 0.00 2.62 0.03PT 18.03 2.91 12.10 2.12 0.00 0.82 0.09RO 23.17 6.71 10.51 2.90 2.96 0.09 0.00SI 3.00 1.33 0.01 0.16 1.43 0.08 0.01SK 14.89 3.10 6.04 1.15 4.05 0.53 0.02FI 31.10 4.40 14.97 2.16 5.93 3.43 0.14SE 46.55 1.81 22.04 0.52 16.52 4.97 0.54UK 150.35 36.83 71.44 19.14 18.16 4.06 0.73

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

76 77PART 2 Energy in the EU2.4. Energy Transformation

2.4.5. Transformation Output by Fuel

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.4. Energy Transformation

2.4.4. Transformation Output – All Fuels

Transformation Output by Fuel

2012

Mtoe Tota

l,

All P

rodu

cts

Solid

Fue

ls

Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

Gas

es

Elec

tric

ity

Der

ived

Hea

t

EU-28 985.7 33.5 643.9 20.4 228.3 59.5Share (%) 100.0 % 3.4 % 65.3 % 2.1 % 23.2 % 6.0 %

BE 44.70 1.31 35.18 0.88 6.56 0.76BG 11.91 0.48 6.50 0.00 3.55 1.38CZ 20.91 1.87 7.70 1.31 7.06 2.97DK 12.66 0.00 7.64 0.00 1.75 3.27DE 173.45 8.72 102.32 5.69 45.13 11.58EE 1.75 0.02 0.00 0.16 0.99 0.58IE 5.04 0.00 3.10 0.00 1.94 0.00EL 28.69 0.00 24.27 0.00 4.37 0.05ES 82.57 1.24 62.03 0.72 18.55 0.00FR 111.30 2.25 63.06 1.58 41.38 3.03HR 4.56 0.00 3.81 0.00 0.47 0.28IT 111.40 2.85 82.97 1.44 19.19 4.94CY 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.00LV 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.64LT 10.63 0.00 9.21 0.00 0.31 1.11LU 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.07HU 12.99 0.75 7.77 0.39 2.89 1.18MT 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00NL 72.30 1.36 58.15 1.26 8.35 3.16AT 14.69 0.94 8.85 1.02 1.90 1.98PL 56.27 6.39 26.50 2.24 13.32 7.82PT 14.73 0.00 11.68 0.00 2.52 0.51RO 16.23 0.00 10.10 0.21 3.79 2.13SI 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.23SK 10.82 1.12 5.78 0.84 2.05 1.03FI 25.01 0.61 14.66 0.50 4.55 4.69SE 34.59 0.76 21.75 0.49 6.91 4.69UK 105.54 2.86 70.84 1.65 28.79 1.40

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Transformation Output – All Fuels

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 1045.7 1078.1 1129.4 1022.4 1000.1 985.7Index 1995 100 % 103 % 108 % 98 % 96 % 94 %

BE 40.04 49.63 48.28 46.53 43.78 44.70BG 15.81 11.40 12.61 11.58 11.85 11.91CZ 21.84 19.55 22.47 21.76 20.86 20.91DK 15.85 14.03 13.34 13.48 12.12 12.66DE 190.24 188.45 199.84 177.68 171.78 173.45EE 1.62 1.48 1.63 1.87 1.79 1.75IE 3.74 5.28 5.25 5.16 4.91 5.04EL 21.19 26.84 26.24 26.55 23.94 28.69ES 71.54 79.39 85.48 78.39 77.83 82.57FR 127.19 140.68 142.45 123.56 123.64 111.30HR 6.03 6.03 6.09 5.08 4.50 4.56IT 114.66 119.80 133.23 120.58 117.00 111.40CY 1.05 1.47 0.38 0.46 0.41 0.39LV 1.20 0.87 0.88 0.95 0.87 0.85LT 6.03 7.11 11.81 10.97 11.00 10.63LU 0.18 0.04 0.35 0.34 0.29 0.29HU 14.19 13.35 13.43 14.00 13.54 12.99MT 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.20NL 93.18 96.20 102.29 75.68 74.00 72.30AT 13.46 13.37 14.87 14.41 15.03 14.69PL 46.70 47.86 48.36 54.97 55.63 56.27PT 16.15 15.79 17.69 15.06 14.12 14.73RO 28.82 20.70 23.79 17.54 17.48 16.23SI 1.65 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.29 1.21SK 9.96 11.03 12.17 11.17 11.70 10.82FI 19.64 22.40 23.22 26.18 26.01 25.01SE 32.79 33.76 33.26 34.49 32.19 34.59UK 130.84 130.20 128.49 112.57 112.38 105.54

Transformation Output – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-280

500

1 000

1 500

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

78 79PART 2 Energy in the EU2.5. Final Energy

2.5.1. Available for Final Consumption

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.4. Energy Transformation

2.4.6. Transformation Output by Sector

Transformation Output by Sector

2012

Mtoe Tota

l,

All S

ecto

rs

Conv

entio

nal

Ther

mal

Po

wer

Sta

tions

Nuc

lear

Po

wer

Sta

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, El

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icity

Dis

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eat

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Out

put I

ndus

try

EU-28 985.7 195.0 75.9 16.9 643.9 54.1Share (%) 100.0 % 19.8 % 7.7 % 1.7 % 65.3 % 5.5 %

BE 44.70 3.84 3.46 0.01 35.18 2.19BG 11.91 3.31 1.36 0.25 6.50 0.50CZ 20.91 6.81 2.61 0.58 7.70 3.20DK 12.66 4.12 0.00 0.90 7.64 0.00DE 173.45 44.89 8.55 3.28 102.32 14.41EE 1.75 1.22 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.18IE 5.04 1.94 0.00 0.00 3.10 0.00EL 28.69 4.42 0.00 0.00 24.27 0.00ES 82.57 13.26 5.29 0.00 62.03 1.99FR 111.30 6.79 36.58 1.05 63.06 3.83HR 4.56 0.68 0.00 0.06 3.81 0.01IT 111.40 24.04 0.00 0.09 82.97 4.30CY 0.39 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00LV 0.85 0.61 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.01LT 10.63 0.91 0.00 0.51 9.21 0.00LU 0.29 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00HU 12.99 2.13 1.36 0.57 7.77 1.16MT 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 72.30 10.94 0.34 0.24 58.15 2.63AT 14.69 3.14 0.00 0.74 8.85 1.95PL 56.27 18.30 0.00 2.84 26.50 8.63PT 14.73 3.03 0.00 0.00 11.68 0.01RO 16.23 4.53 0.99 0.40 10.10 0.21SI 1.21 0.68 0.48 0.06 0.00 0.00SK 10.82 1.34 1.33 0.35 5.78 2.01FI 25.01 5.80 1.98 1.47 14.66 1.11SE 34.59 4.64 5.51 1.45 21.75 1.25UK 105.54 22.73 6.05 1.40 70.84 4.51

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Available for Final Consumption

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 1184.6 1235.8 1304.3 1270.8 1216.3 1201.2Index 1995 100 % 104 % 110 % 107 % 103 % 101 %

BE 39.99 44.67 44.35 46.33 45.50 43.63BG 12.93 9.99 10.56 8.79 9.53 9.31CZ 27.84 27.19 29.24 28.67 27.08 26.34DK 15.05 15.04 15.49 15.78 14.99 14.73DE 244.01 247.33 247.12 243.69 233.24 233.60EE 2.98 2.66 2.98 2.99 2.73 2.87IE 8.11 10.80 11.69 12.09 11.34 11.04EL 16.40 19.08 21.39 19.66 18.85 18.41ES 72.46 88.79 105.95 95.70 92.96 88.43FR 156.84 166.29 177.38 171.21 161.12 163.94HR 5.32 6.05 7.06 6.94 6.79 6.44IT 124.85 133.74 142.62 133.51 130.21 124.32CY 1.47 1.74 1.80 1.96 1.92 1.78LV 3.93 3.28 4.11 4.31 3.94 4.11LT 5.12 4.27 5.39 5.47 5.93 6.06LU 3.17 3.55 4.53 4.36 4.33 4.21HU 18.16 17.72 20.35 18.61 18.11 16.94MT 0.41 0.44 0.41 0.51 0.47 0.48NL 57.26 61.00 64.77 70.37 64.59 66.39AT 22.74 25.43 29.90 30.27 29.22 29.20PL 67.25 59.10 63.48 71.89 71.13 68.10PT 15.91 20.21 21.69 19.81 19.01 17.50RO 30.36 25.03 26.87 24.78 24.73 24.23SI 4.23 4.70 5.23 5.15 5.10 4.99SK 12.23 12.72 12.84 12.65 12.05 11.35FI 21.84 24.94 26.64 27.64 26.58 25.89SE 36.67 36.21 35.23 36.90 36.06 35.30UK 157.11 163.80 165.28 150.81 138.84 141.59

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Final Energy

80 81PART 2 Energy in the EU2.5. Final Energy

2.5.2. Final Energy Consumption

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.5. Final Energy

2.5.2. Final Energy Consumption

Final Energy Consumption

Total

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 1078.7 1131.0 1188.5 1159.8 1108.0 1104.5Index 1995 100 % 105 % 110 % 108 % 103 % 102 %

BE 34.51 37.64 36.75 37.54 37.83 36.60BG 11.42 9.11 10.15 8.84 9.26 9.24CZ 26.07 24.78 26.03 25.41 24.53 24.06DK 14.83 14.73 15.52 15.20 14.47 14.12DE 221.62 219.99 218.50 220.47 209.25 213.08EE 2.55 2.43 2.88 2.91 2.83 2.87IE 7.98 10.77 12.63 11.94 10.97 10.72EL 15.81 18.68 20.96 19.00 18.87 17.13ES 64.03 79.90 97.77 89.08 86.67 83.13FR 143.48 155.31 162.83 158.44 147.23 150.77HR 4.49 5.37 6.35 6.35 6.19 5.91IT 114.58 124.72 134.54 124.78 122.10 119.01CY 1.42 1.64 1.82 1.92 1.91 1.76LV 3.82 3.25 4.02 4.26 3.87 4.03LT 4.59 3.77 4.60 4.75 4.71 4.83LU 3.11 3.51 4.48 4.33 4.30 4.18HU 16.23 16.14 18.22 16.60 16.17 14.81MT 0.46 0.44 0.39 0.45 0.46 0.46NL 48.02 50.50 51.65 53.94 50.74 51.13AT 21.36 23.67 28.16 28.38 27.48 27.34PL 62.94 55.74 58.33 66.33 63.87 63.64PT 13.85 17.92 19.01 18.10 17.30 16.15RO 26.97 22.77 24.71 22.59 22.77 22.70SI 4.09 4.46 4.90 4.93 4.97 4.86SK 11.03 10.98 11.56 11.55 10.77 10.35FI 21.78 24.56 25.33 26.35 25.14 25.26SE 35.05 34.97 33.66 34.08 32.40 32.38UK 142.7 153.2 152.8 141.3 130.9 134.0

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Final Energy Consumption

By Sector

2012

Mtoe Tran

spor

t

Hou

seho

lds

Indu

stry

Serv

ices

Agric

ultu

re

and

Fish

ing

Oth

er

EU-28 351.7 289.2 282.8 148.7 25.0 7.2Share (%) 31.8 % 26.2 % 25.6 % 13.5 % 2.3 % 0.7 %

BE 9.92 7.44 13.26 4.37 0.66 0.93BG 3.08 2.38 2.58 1.00 0.20 0.00CZ 6.05 6.02 8.10 3.04 0.58 0.27DK 4.61 4.40 2.29 1.94 0.87 0.01DE 61.47 57.51 61.15 32.79 0.00 0.16EE 0.79 0.97 0.57 0.42 0.11 0.00IE 4.15 2.72 2.27 1.33 0.24 0.00EL 6.38 5.04 3.00 2.23 0.32 0.16ES 33.35 15.50 20.78 10.05 2.71 0.75FR 50.27 42.08 29.58 22.55 4.50 1.80HR 2.01 1.80 1.15 0.72 0.23 0.00IT 39.45 31.33 29.31 15.93 2.82 0.16CY 0.97 0.35 0.16 0.22 0.04 0.02LV 1.05 1.38 0.83 0.62 0.15 0.00LT 1.57 1.53 1.00 0.61 0.11 0.00LU 2.58 0.43 0.60 0.54 0.02 0.00HU 3.96 5.14 2.55 2.76 0.40 0.00MT 0.28 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01NL 14.80 10.29 13.86 8.67 3.51 0.00AT 8.44 6.63 9.11 2.60 0.57 0.00PL 17.30 19.60 14.86 8.19 3.68 0.00PT 6.45 2.71 4.74 1.81 0.41 0.02RO 5.35 8.06 6.79 1.76 0.50 0.24SI 1.91 1.19 1.20 0.46 0.08 0.02SK 2.34 2.07 4.34 1.45 0.14 0.00FI 4.81 5.42 10.91 1.94 0.78 1.40SE 8.33 7.40 11.67 4.52 0.46 0.00UK 50.06 39.69 26.02 16.10 0.86 1.25

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

82 83PART 2 Energy in the EU2.5. Final Energy

2.5.2. Final Energy Consumption

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.5. Final Energy

2.5.2. Final Energy Consumption

Final Energy Consumption

By Fuel

2012

Mtoe Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

Gas

es

Elec

tric

ity

Rene

wab

les

Der

ived

Hea

t

Solid

Fue

ls

Was

tes,

N

on-R

enew

able

EU-28 431.3 252.8 240.6 79.4 48.3 47.4 4.6Share (%) 39.0 % 22.9 % 21.8 % 7.2 % 4.4 % 4.3 % 0.4 %

BE 13.79 10.45 7.13 1.60 0.50 1.27 1.85BG 3.10 1.18 2.39 1.16 0.99 0.42 0.01CZ 6.23 5.88 4.87 1.98 2.13 2.80 0.16DK 5.73 1.57 2.70 1.38 2.58 0.14 0.02DE 80.96 52.87 45.21 13.16 10.36 9.62 0.90EE 0.98 0.22 0.60 0.48 0.49 0.10 0.00IE 6.09 1.68 2.08 0.32 0.00 0.52 0.03EL 9.89 0.97 4.47 1.52 0.05 0.23 0.00ES 40.07 14.91 20.66 6.23 0.00 1.25 0.00FR 65.36 29.53 37.33 11.79 2.50 4.12 0.14HR 2.65 1.05 1.32 0.52 0.23 0.13 0.01IT 45.23 35.66 25.52 5.55 3.43 3.40 0.22CY 1.28 0.00 0.38 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00LV 1.28 0.40 0.59 1.09 0.53 0.08 0.06LT 1.63 0.55 0.77 0.75 0.90 0.23 0.00LU 2.79 0.61 0.54 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.01HU 4.14 5.15 2.82 1.18 0.99 0.48 0.03MT 0.30 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00NL 17.88 19.75 9.16 0.90 1.92 1.54 0.00AT 9.80 4.98 5.42 3.92 1.82 1.12 0.28PL 19.89 9.23 10.55 5.42 5.96 12.01 0.58PT 7.85 1.61 3.98 2.19 0.35 0.02 0.15RO 6.70 6.17 3.64 3.85 1.50 0.80 0.03SI 2.36 0.55 1.08 0.61 0.18 0.05 0.02SK 2.25 3.41 2.06 0.44 0.76 1.40 0.03FI 7.22 0.92 6.94 5.04 4.28 0.81 0.04SE 8.98 0.78 10.94 6.12 4.50 1.05 0.00UK 56.82 42.76 27.31 2.04 1.23 3.80 0.04

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Final Energy Consumption

By Sector – EU-28 – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

250

200

150

100

350

300

400

50

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Industry

Services

Transport

Agriculture

Households

Other

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2012 (Mtoe)

300

200

100

500

400

600

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Gases

Derived Heat

Petroleum and Products

Wastes, Non-Renewable

Solid Fuels Renewables

Electricity

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

84 85PART 2 Energy in the EU2.5. Final Energy

2.5.3. Final Non-Energy Consumption

Final Non-Energy Consumption

Total

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 105.5 110.3 113.7 106.2 103.1 98.6Index 1995 100 % 105 % 108 % 101 % 98 % 94 %

BE 5.82 6.74 7.52 8.27 7.70 7.59BG 1.23 0.98 0.85 0.42 0.51 0.46CZ 2.32 2.08 2.94 2.78 2.61 2.71DK 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.26 0.30 0.27DE 23.62 25.06 24.66 22.58 22.38 21.82EE 0.18 0.18 0.23 0.09 0.07 0.09IE 0.55 0.55 0.30 0.26 0.27 0.27EL 0.49 0.72 0.76 1.11 0.88 0.69ES 7.87 9.40 8.35 7.03 6.77 5.98FR 15.86 16.18 14.70 12.15 12.33 11.96HR 0.83 0.68 0.72 0.60 0.60 0.53IT 9.73 8.43 8.61 9.56 9.19 7.88CY 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.04LV 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.10LT 0.54 0.66 0.80 0.71 1.22 1.23LU 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03HU 1.63 1.59 2.17 1.97 1.98 1.88MT 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01NL 9.25 10.49 13.01 15.48 13.93 14.67AT 1.38 1.72 1.72 1.85 1.70 1.86PL 3.71 4.36 4.57 4.91 4.96 4.65PT 2.08 2.39 2.59 1.73 1.76 1.32RO 1.24 1.88 2.47 1.47 1.73 1.73SI 0.12 0.24 0.31 0.21 0.12 0.12SK 0.93 1.36 1.28 1.05 1.23 0.97FI 1.12 1.04 1.15 1.22 1.13 1.04SE 1.99 1.73 2.29 2.11 1.93 1.82UK 12.49 11.33 11.21 8.19 7.57 6.92

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.5. Final Energy

2.5.4. Primary Energy Intensity

Primary Energy Intensity

Total

Mtoe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 1565.6 1616.6 1710.5 1653.5 1596.4 1584.8Index 1995 100 % 103 % 109 % 106 % 102 % 101 %

BE 48.12 52.41 51.22 52.76 51.97 48.73BG 21.46 17.54 18.91 17.35 18.58 17.77CZ 39.36 39.09 42.18 41.95 40.62 40.08DK 19.90 19.45 19.29 19.88 18.45 17.87DE 317.95 317.21 317.19 311.09 294.74 297.63EE 5.35 4.80 5.39 6.07 6.12 6.03IE 10.49 13.75 14.74 14.87 13.72 13.58EL 23.37 27.57 30.65 27.62 26.91 27.06ES 94.20 114.25 135.87 122.83 121.44 121.31FR 225.91 241.43 261.67 254.97 245.51 246.43HR 6.26 7.14 8.22 7.97 7.93 7.59IT 152.03 165.79 178.86 165.20 162.80 155.34CY 1.89 2.32 2.47 2.64 2.61 2.47LV 4.58 3.79 4.49 4.69 4.28 4.44LT 8.09 6.40 7.91 6.07 5.78 5.86LU 3.28 3.60 4.77 4.61 4.53 4.42HU 24.55 23.71 25.44 23.84 23.12 21.68MT 0.76 0.80 0.95 0.94 0.91 0.83NL 63.42 65.08 68.46 71.13 66.28 67.11AT 25.70 27.26 32.64 32.75 31.95 31.79PL 95.12 84.64 87.97 96.01 96.26 93.33PT 18.55 22.89 24.89 22.55 21.86 20.88RO 45.07 34.77 36.74 34.33 34.83 33.64SI 5.95 6.21 7.02 7.02 7.16 6.88SK 16.79 16.94 17.75 16.81 16.18 15.74FI 28.16 31.39 33.37 35.84 34.38 33.05SE 49.48 47.17 48.70 48.67 47.78 47.97UK 209.76 219.23 222.78 203.03 189.72 195.37

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

86 87PART 2 Energy in the EU2.6. Electricity2.6.1. Installed Electricity Capacity

Installed Electricity Capacity

Total

MW 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28* 618507 681093 758149 884763 922886 952137Index 1995 100 % 110 % 123 % 143 % 149 % 154 %

BE 14917 15685 16096 18322 20098 20765BG 1975 11085 12260 10027 10236 11637CZ 13803 15323 17406 19829 20181 20447DK 10841 12316 13035 13438 13587 14072DE 116226 118884 128612 162698 175896 177291EE 2800 2559 2751 2825 2923IE 4060 4707 6270 8525 8791 8770EL 8942 10904 13306 15312 16524 22307ES 45621 53924 76574 101788 102806 105164FR 107616 114684 115787 124550 127263 129243HR 2072 2079 3866 4121 4178 4222IT 65923 75510 85498 106488 118443 124234CY 690 988 1125 1565 1742 1735LV 2068 2092 2166 2557 2577 2660LT 5866 5716 4556 3570 3691 4237LU 1250 1217 1682 1711 1741 1788HU 7404 8282 8586 8993 9654 9400MT 571 571 578 590NL 19034 21062 21800 26686 28049 29920AT 17394 17802 18898 21187 22556 22917PL 29482 30559 32257 33360 34554 35283PT 9384 10908 13374 18931 19925 19752RO 5998 6120 18951 19912 20499 21767SI 2518 2614 2992 3193 3268 3351SK 7238 7454 8257 7873 8363 8412FI 14434 16261 16468 16693 16763 16908SE 33625 33724 33390 36454 35227 37843UK 70125 78393 82378 93658 92871 94499

Installed Electricity Capacity – Total – 1990-2012 (MW)

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-280

200 000

400 000

600 000

800 000

1 000 000

* No complete EU-28 data available for 1990-2000 Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.6. Electricity

2.6.1. Installed Electricity Capacity

Installed Electricity Capacity

By Fuel

2012

MW Inst

alle

d

Elec

tric

ity

Capa

city

Com

bust

ible

Fu

els

Hyd

ro

Nuc

lear

Win

d

Sola

r PV

Oth

er S

ourc

es

EU-28 952137 495193 148931 123201 106289 68702 9821Share (%) 100.0 % 52.0 % 15.6 % 12.9 % 11.2 % 7.2 % 1.0 %

BE 20765 9469 1424 5927 1364 2581 0BG 11637 4912 3129 1906 677 1013 0CZ 20447 11915 2212 4040 258 2022 0DK 14072 9501 9 0 4163 399 0DE 177291 89649 11257 12068 31304 32641 372EE 2923 2649 8 0 266 0 0IE 8770 6278 529 0 1763 0 200EL 22307 11226 3236 0 1753 1536 4556ES 105164 49786 18550 7450 22775 4603 2000FR 129243 27764 25367 63130 7517 3953 1512HR 4222 1897 2141 0 180 4 0IT 124234 76793 21880 0 8102 16420 1039CY 1735 1561 0 0 147 17 10LV 2660 1023 1576 0 59 0 2LT 4237 3054 876 0 275 7 25LU 1788 522 1134 0 58 74 0HU 9400 7007 56 2000 325 12 0MT 590 571 0 0 0 19 0NL 29920 26518 37 510 2433 365 57AT 22917 8161 13076 0 1316 363 1PL 35283 30367 2351 0 2564 1 0PT 19752 9360 5717 0 4412 238 25RO 21767 11945 6548 1411 1822 41 0SI 3351 1267 1254 688 0 142 0SK 8412 3416 2522 1939 3 513 19FI 16908 10695 3198 2750 257 8 0SE 37843 8362 16414 9436 3607 24 0UK 94499 69525 4430 9946 8889 1706 3

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Electricity

88 89

Gross Electricity Generation

Total

TWh 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 2742.7 3035.9 3325.1 3364.4 3295.1 3295.2Index 1995 100 % 111 % 121 % 123 % 120 % 120 %

BE 74.41 84.01 87.03 95.12 90.24 82.87BG 41.79 40.92 44.37 46.65 50.80 47.33CZ 60.85 73.47 82.58 85.91 87.56 87.57DK 36.76 36.05 36.25 38.86 35.23 30.73DE 537.28 576.54 622.58 632.98 613.07 629.81EE 8.69 8.51 10.21 12.96 12.89 11.97IE 17.86 23.98 25.97 28.60 27.47 27.59EL 41.55 53.84 60.02 57.39 59.44 60.96ES 167.09 224.47 294.08 301.53 293.85 297.56FR 494.07 540.73 576.20 569.16 560.34 564.28HR 8.86 10.70 12.46 14.11 10.83 10.56IT 241.49 276.65 303.70 302.06 302.58 299.28CY 2.50 3.37 4.38 5.32 4.93 4.72LV 3.98 4.14 4.91 6.63 6.10 6.17LT 13.90 11.43 14.78 5.75 4.82 5.04LU 1.23 1.17 4.13 4.59 3.72 3.81HU 34.02 35.19 35.76 37.37 35.98 34.59MT 1.63 1.92 2.24 2.12 2.19 2.29NL 80.93 89.63 100.22 118.14 112.97 102.51AT 56.23 61.26 66.41 71.13 65.81 72.62PL 139.01 145.18 156.94 157.66 163.55 162.14PT 33.27 43.76 46.58 54.09 52.46 46.61RO 59.27 51.93 59.41 60.98 62.22 59.05SI 12.91 13.62 15.12 16.43 16.06 15.73SK 26.77 31.16 31.46 27.86 28.66 28.66FI 64.04 69.97 70.57 80.67 73.48 70.40SE 148.35 145.27 158.44 148.56 150.38 166.56UK 334.04 377.07 398.36 381.76 367.46 363.84

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Installed Electricity Capacity*

Renewables

2012

MW Hyd

ro

Win

d

Sola

r PV

Sola

r The

rmal

Geo

ther

mal

Tide

, Wav

e

and

Oce

an

EU-28 148931 106289 68702 2002 778 243Share (%) 15.6 % 11.2 % 7.2 % 0.2 % 0.1 % 0.0 %

BE 1424 1364 2581 0 0 0BG 3129 677 1013 0 0 0CZ 2212 258 2022 0 0 0DK 9 4163 399 0 0 0DE 11257 31304 32641 2 12 0EE 8 266 0 0 0 0IE 529 1763 0 0 0 0EL 3236 1753 1536 0 0 0ES 18550 22775 4603 2000 0 0FR 25367 7517 3953 0 2 240HR 2141 180 4 0 0 0IT 21880 8102 16420 0 728 0CY 0 147 17 0 10 0LV 1576 59 0 0 0 0LT 876 275 7 0 0 0LU 1134 58 74 0 0 0HU 56 325 12 0 0 0MT 0 0 19 0 0 0NL 37 2433 365 0 0 0AT 13076 1316 363 0 1 0PL 2351 2564 1 0 0 0PT 5717 4412 238 0 25 0RO 6548 1822 41 0 0 0SI 1254 0 142 0 0 0SK 2522 3 513 0 0 0FI 3198 257 8 0 0 0SE 16414 3607 24 0 0 0UK 4430 8889 1706 0 0 3

* Net maximum capacity Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.6. Electricity

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.6. Electricity

2.6.1. Installed Electricity Capacity

90 91

Gross Electricity Generation

By Fuel

2012

TWh Gro

ss

Elec

tric

ity

Gen

erat

ion

Solid

Fue

ls

Nuc

lear

Rene

wab

les

Gas

es

Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

Was

tes,

no

n-RE

S

EU-28 3295.2 901.8 882.4 798.7 614.7 72.5 20.6Share (%) 100.0 % 27.4 % 26.8 % 24.2 % 18.7 % 2.2 % 0.6 %

BE 82.87 3.39 40.30 11.76 25.62 0.12 1.46BG 47.33 22.88 15.79 6.08 2.36 0.22 0.00CZ 87.57 44.45 30.32 8.80 3.85 0.09 0.06DK 30.73 10.57 0.00 14.84 4.19 0.40 0.73DE 629.81 277.13 99.46 149.55 87.49 7.63 6.55EE 11.97 9.80 0.00 1.48 0.63 0.06 0.00IE 27.59 8.10 0.00 5.46 13.73 0.25 0.05EL 60.96 31.12 0.00 10.34 13.36 6.08 0.06ES 297.56 55.07 61.47 90.58 74.23 15.32 0.72FR 564.28 18.92 425.41 88.23 24.54 4.34 2.23HR 10.56 2.24 0.00 5.23 2.51 0.58 0.00IT 299.28 49.14 0.00 94.20 134.03 18.89 2.27CY 4.72 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.00 4.46 0.00LV 6.17 0.00 0.00 4.11 2.06 0.00 0.00LT 5.04 0.00 0.00 1.70 2.88 0.24 0.00LU 3.81 0.00 0.00 1.37 2.39 0.00 0.06HU 34.59 6.34 15.79 2.65 9.51 0.18 0.12MT 2.29 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 2.27 0.00NL 102.51 24.21 3.92 12.54 58.84 1.09 1.76AT 72.62 4.41 0.00 55.12 11.54 0.74 0.79PL 162.14 134.65 0.00 17.31 8.08 2.05 0.06PT 46.61 13.09 0.00 20.41 10.67 2.19 0.25RO 59.05 22.90 11.47 15.20 8.73 0.75 0.00SI 15.73 5.15 5.53 4.51 0.53 0.01 0.01SK 28.66 3.42 15.50 5.81 3.34 0.51 0.03FI 70.40 10.78 22.99 28.54 7.22 0.31 0.24SE 166.56 0.88 64.04 98.44 1.31 0.65 1.26UK 363.84 143.18 70.41 44.23 101.08 3.06 1.88

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Gross Electricity Generation

Renewables

2012

TWh Rene

wab

les

Hyd

ro

Win

d

Biom

ass

and

Rene

wab

le

Sola

r

Geo

ther

mal

Tide

, Wav

e

and

Oce

an

EU-28 798.7 366.4 205.8 149.4 71.0 5.8 0.5Share (%) 100.0 % 45.9 % 25.8 % 18.7 % 8.9 % 0.7 % 0.1 %

BE 11.76 1.66 2.75 5.20 2.15 0.00 0.00BG 6.08 3.98 1.22 0.07 0.81 0.00 0.00CZ 8.80 2.86 0.42 3.37 2.15 0.00 0.00DK 14.84 0.02 10.27 4.45 0.10 0.00 0.00DE 149.55 27.85 50.67 44.63 26.38 0.03 0.00EE 1.48 0.04 0.43 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00IE 5.46 1.01 4.01 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00EL 10.34 4.59 3.85 0.20 1.69 0.00 0.00ES 90.58 24.16 49.47 4.98 11.97 0.00 0.00FR 88.23 63.60 14.91 5.25 4.02 0.00 0.46HR 5.23 4.80 0.33 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00IT 94.20 43.85 13.41 12.49 18.86 5.59 0.00CY 0.26 0.00 0.19 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00LV 4.11 3.71 0.11 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00LT 1.70 0.94 0.54 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00LU 1.37 1.16 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.00HU 2.65 0.21 0.77 1.66 0.01 0.00 0.00MT 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00NL 12.54 0.10 4.98 7.20 0.25 0.00 0.00AT 55.12 47.68 2.46 4.64 0.34 0.00 0.00PL 17.31 2.47 4.75 10.09 0.00 0.00 0.00PT 20.41 6.66 10.26 2.95 0.39 0.15 0.00RO 15.20 12.34 2.64 0.21 0.01 0.00 0.00SI 4.51 4.08 0.00 0.27 0.16 0.00 0.00SK 5.81 4.44 0.01 0.94 0.42 0.00 0.00FI 28.54 16.86 0.49 11.18 0.01 0.00 0.00SE 98.44 79.06 7.17 12.19 0.02 0.00 0.00UK 44.23 8.25 19.58 15.20 1.19 0.00 0.00

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.6. Electricity

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.6. Electricity

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation

92 93

Gross Electricity Generation

EU-28 by Fuel

2012

Share of Total (%) Solid

Fue

ls

Nuc

lear

Rene

wab

les

Gas

es

Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

1990 39.3 30.6 12.6 8.6 8.61991 38.7 31.1 12.9 8.2 8.81992 37.2 31.5 13.6 8.1 9.21993 35.5 32.8 13.9 9.1 8.31994 35.1 32.2 14.1 10.1 8.11995 34.5 32.1 13.9 10.7 8.41996 33.6 32.5 13.5 12.0 8.01997 31.6 32.8 13.9 13.8 7.51998 31.2 31.9 14.3 14.5 7.51999 29.8 31.9 14.4 16.6 6.92000 30.8 31.1 14.8 16.9 6.02001 30.2 31.4 15.3 17.0 5.62002 30.4 31.5 13.9 17.7 5.92003 31.1 30.8 13.6 18.7 5.32004 29.8 30.5 14.8 19.8 4.52005 28.9 30.0 14.9 21.2 4.32006 29.2 29.4 15.4 21.3 4.02007 29.1 27.6 16.2 23.0 3.42008 26.6 27.7 17.5 24.4 3.22009 25.5 27.8 19.5 23.5 3.12010 24.7 27.2 21.1 23.7 2.62011 25.8 27.5 21.4 22.3 2.22012 27.4 26.8 24.2 18.7 2.2

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Gross Electricity Generation

EU-28 – Gross Electricity Generation by Fuel – 1990-2012 (TWh)

400

200

800

600

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Nuclear

RenewablesSolid Fuels

Gases

1 200

1 000

Petroleum and Products

Wastes, non-RES

EU-28 – Gross Electricity Generation – Renewables – 1990-2012 (TWh)

Hydro

Solar

Biomass and Renewable Wastes

Tide, Wave and Ocean

Wind

Geothermal

400

200

800

600

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

1 200

1 000

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.6. Electricity

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.6. Electricity

2.6.2. Gross Electricity Generation

94 95PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.1. Cumulative Capacity

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.6. Electricity

2.6.3. Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer

Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer

% 1999 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

BE 92.3 91.1 85.0 79.1 70.7 65.8BGCZ 71.0 69.2 72.0 73.0 68.0 68.0DK 40.0 36.0 33.0 46.0 42.0 37.0DE 28.1 34.0 31.0 28.4EE 93.0 91.0 92.0 89.0 87.0 88.0IE 97.0 97.0 71.0 34.0 38.0 55.0EL 98.0 97.0 97.0 85.1 77.0ES 51.8 42.4 35.0 24.0 23.5 23.8FR 93.8 90.2 89.1 86.5 86.0 86.0HR 87.0 88.0 83.0 82.0IT 71.1 46.7 38.6 28.0 27.0 26.0CY 99.7 99.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0LV 96.5 95.8 92.7 88.0 86.0 89.0LT 73.7 72.8 70.3 35.4 24.9 30.4LU 85.4 82.0 81.8HU 38.9 41.3 38.7 42.1 44.1 47.1MT 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0NLAT 21.4 32.6 55.3 56.6PL 20.8 19.5 18.5 17.4 17.8 16.4PT 57.8 58.5 53.9 47.2 44.9 37.2RO 36.4 33.6 26.0 26.7SI 50.1 56.3 52.4 55.2SK 83.6 85.1 83.6 80.9 77.7 78.9FI 26.0 23.3 23.0 26.6 25.6 25.2SE 52.8 49.5 47.0 42.0 41.0 44.0UK 21.0 20.6 20.5 21.0 45.6 51.7

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Cumulative Capacity

Total

MW 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 2496 12906 42706 114777 146644 176993

BE 5 14 169 1816 2460 3945BG 0 0 8 513 695 1690CZ 0 1 23 1940 2126 2280DK 617 2391 3130 3809 3969 4562DE 1155 6209 20431 44734 54099 63947EE 0 0 31 108 180 266IE 6 115 494 1389 1631 1763EL 27 226 492 1500 2252 3289ES 105 2218 9978 25346 27030 29378FR 5 64 736 7024 9482 11470HR 0 0 6 79 130 184IT 38 382 1669 9264 19691 24522CY 0 0 1 89 144 164LV 1 2 26 30 36 59LT 0 0 1 133 202 282LU 0 14 59 73 86 132HU 0 0 17 295 335 337MT 0 0 0 0 7 19NL 252 460 1275 2325 2461 2798AT 1 55 808 1135 1397 1679PL 0 4 121 1108 1801 2565PT 8 84 1066 3930 4428 4650RO 0 0 1 389 989 1863SI 0 0 0 12 57 142SK 0 0 5 22 499 516FI 7 41 86 204 207 265SE 69 212 497 2030 2781 3631UK 200 414 1576 5480 7469 10595

Intermittent Energy – Cumulative Capacity – Total – 1990-2012 (MW)

200 000

100 000

400 000

300 000

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Intermittent Energy

96 97

Cumulative Capacity

Share of Total

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 0.4 1.9 5.6 13.0 15.9 18.6

BE 0.03 0.09 1.05 9.91 12.24 19.00BG 0.07 5.12 6.79 14.52CZ 0.01 0.13 9.78 10.53 11.15DK 5.69 19.41 24.01 28.34 29.21 32.42DE 0.99 5.22 15.89 27.50 30.76 36.07EE 1.21 3.93 6.37 9.10IE 0.15 2.44 7.88 16.29 18.55 20.10EL 0.30 2.07 3.70 9.80 13.63 14.74ES 0.23 4.11 13.03 24.90 26.29 27.94FR 0.00 0.06 0.64 5.64 7.45 8.87HR 0.00 0.00 0.16 1.92 3.11 4.36IT 0.06 0.51 1.95 8.70 16.62 19.74CY 0.09 5.69 8.27 9.45LV 0.05 0.10 1.20 1.17 1.40 2.22LT 0.02 3.73 5.47 6.66LU 1.15 3.51 4.27 4.94 7.38HU 0.20 3.28 3.47 3.59MTNL 1.32 2.18 5.85 8.71 8.77 9.35AT 0.01 0.31 4.28 5.36 6.19 7.33PL 0.01 0.38 3.32 5.21 7.27PT 0.09 0.77 7.97 20.76 22.22 23.54RO 1.95 4.82 8.56SI 0.38 1.74 4.24SK 0.06 0.28 5.97 6.13FI 0.05 0.25 0.52 1.22 1.23 1.57SE 0.21 0.63 1.49 5.57 7.89 9.59UK 0.29 0.53 1.91 5.85 8.04 11.21

Intermittent Energy – Cumulative Capacity – Share of Total – 1990-2012 (%)

20

40

30

10

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.1. Cumulative Capacity

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.2. Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

Total

MW 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 2447 12726 40409 84648 94177 106289

BE 5 14 167 912 1069 1364BG 0 0 8 488 541 677CZ 0 1 22 213 213 258DK 617 2390 3127 3802 3952 4163DE 1137 6095 18375 27180 29060 31304EE 0 0 31 108 180 266IE 6 115 494 1389 1631 1763EL 27 226 491 1298 1640 1753ES 98 2206 9918 20693 21529 22775FR 3 57 723 5994 6679 7517HR 0 0 6 79 130 180IT 22 363 1635 5794 6918 8102CY 0 0 0 82 134 147LV 1 2 26 30 36 59LT 0 0 1 133 202 275LU 0 14 35 44 45 58HU 0 0 17 293 331 325MT 0 0 0 0 0 0NL 250 447 1224 2237 2316 2433AT 0 50 778 981 1080 1316PL 0 4 121 1108 1800 2564PT 8 83 1064 3796 4256 4412RO 0 0 1 389 988 1822SI 0 0 0 0 0 0SK 0 0 5 3 3 3FI 6 38 82 197 199 257SE 67 209 493 2019 2769 3607UK 200 412 1565 5386 6476 8889

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity – Total – 1990-2012 (MW)

100 000

50 000

200 000

150 000

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

98 99

Wind Gross Electricity Production

Total

TWh 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 4.1 22.3 70.5 149.3 179.5 205.8

BE 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.3 2.3 2.8BG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.9 1.2CZ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.4DK 1.2 4.2 6.6 7.8 9.8 10.3DE 1.7 9.4 27.2 37.8 48.9 50.7EE 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4IE 0.0 0.2 1.1 2.8 4.4 4.0EL 0.0 0.5 1.3 2.7 3.3 3.9ES 0.3 4.7 21.2 44.3 42.9 49.5FR 0.0 0.1 1.0 9.9 12.1 14.9HR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3IT 0.0 0.6 2.3 9.1 9.9 13.4CY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2LV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1LT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.5LU 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1HU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.8MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NL 0.3 0.8 2.1 4.0 5.1 5.0AT 0.0 0.1 1.3 2.1 1.9 2.5PL 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.7 3.2 4.7PT 0.0 0.2 1.8 9.2 9.2 10.3RO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.4 2.6SI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0SK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0FI 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5SE 0.1 0.5 0.9 3.5 6.1 7.2UK 0.4 0.9 2.9 10.2 15.5 19.6

Wind Gross Electricity Production – Total – 1990-2012 (TWh)

200

400

300

100

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

Share of Total

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 0.4 1.9 5.3 9.6 10.2 11.2

BE 0.0 0.1 1.0 5.0 5.3 6.6BG 0.1 4.9 5.3 5.8CZ 0.0 0.1 1.1 1.1 1.3DK 5.7 19.4 24.0 28.3 29.1 29.6DE 1.0 5.1 14.3 16.7 16.5 17.7EE 1.2 3.9 6.4 9.1IE 0.1 2.4 7.9 16.3 18.6 20.1EL 0.3 2.1 3.7 8.5 9.9 7.9ES 0.2 4.1 13.0 20.3 20.9 21.7FR 0.0 0.0 0.6 4.8 5.2 5.8HR 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.9 3.1 4.3IT 0.0 0.5 1.9 5.4 5.8 6.5CY 7.7 8.5LV 0.0 0.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 2.2LT 0.0 3.7 5.5 6.5LU 1.2 2.1 2.6 2.6 3.2HU 0.2 3.3 3.4 3.5MTNL 1.3 2.1 5.6 8.4 8.3 8.1AT 0.3 4.1 4.6 4.8 5.7PL 0.0 0.4 3.3 5.2 7.3PT 0.1 0.8 8.0 20.1 21.4 22.3RO 2.0 4.8 8.4SISK 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0FI 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.5SE 0.2 0.6 1.5 5.5 7.9 9.5UK 0.3 0.5 1.9 5.8 7.0 9.4

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.3. Wind Gross Electricity Production

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.2. Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

100 101PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.4. Wind Capacity Factor

Wind Capacity Factor

Annual Average

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 19.0 19.9 19.9 20.1 21.7 22.1

BE 20.5 13.0 15.5 16.2 24.7 23.0BG 7.1 15.9 18.2 20.6CZ 10.9 17.9 21.3 18.4DK 21.8 20.2 24.1 23.4 28.2 28.1DE 17.2 17.5 16.9 15.9 19.2 18.5EE 19.9 29.3 23.3 18.6IE 30.4 24.2 25.7 23.1 30.6 25.9EL 14.4 22.8 29.4 23.9 23.1 25.1ES 31.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 22.7 24.8FR 19.0 15.4 15.2 18.9 20.6 22.6HR 0.0 0.0 19.0 20.1 17.6 20.9IT 4.7 17.7 16.4 18.0 16.3 18.9CY 9.7 14.4LV 22.8 20.6 18.6 22.5 22.0LT 22.8 19.2 26.8 22.4LU 22.0 16.9 14.3 16.2 14.8HU 6.7 20.8 21.6 27.0MTNL 14.5 21.2 19.3 20.4 25.1 23.4AT 15.3 19.5 24.0 20.4 21.4PL 14.3 12.7 17.1 20.3 21.1PT 22.8 23.1 19.0 27.6 24.6 26.5RO 9.0 16.0 16.5SISK 13.7 22.8 19.0 22.8FI 20.9 23.4 23.7 17.0 27.6 21.9SE 16.9 24.9 21.7 19.8 25.0 22.7UK 22.3 26.2 21.2 21.6 27.3 25.1

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Wind Gross Electricity Production

Penetration Level

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 0.1 0.7 2.1 4.4 5.4 6.2

BE 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.4 2.6 3.3BG 0.0 1.5 1.7 2.6CZ 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.5DK 3.2 11.8 18.2 20.1 27.7 33.4DE 0.3 1.6 4.4 6.0 8.0 8.0EE 0.5 2.1 2.9 3.6IE 0.1 1.0 4.3 9.8 15.9 14.5EL 0.1 0.8 2.1 4.7 5.6 6.3ES 0.2 2.1 7.2 14.7 14.6 16.6FR 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.7 2.2 2.6HR 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.9 3.1IT 0.0 0.2 0.8 3.0 3.3 4.5CY 2.3 3.9LV 0.1 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.8LT 0.0 3.9 9.9 10.7LU 2.3 1.3 1.2 1.7 2.0HU 0.0 1.4 1.7 2.2MTNL 0.4 0.9 2.1 3.4 4.5 4.9AT 0.0 0.1 2.0 2.9 2.9 3.4PL 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.1 2.0 2.9PT 0.0 0.4 3.8 17.0 17.5 22.0RO 0.5 2.2 4.5SISK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0FI 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7SE 0.1 0.3 0.6 2.4 4.0 4.3UK 0.1 0.3 0.7 2.7 4.2 5.4

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.3. Wind Gross Electricity Production

102 103PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.5. Solar Collectors’ Surface

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.6. Solar Installed Capacity

Solar Collectors' Surface

1 000 m2 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 6420 10879 18582 36812 40449 46387

BE 36 41 77 371 420 420BG 0 0 0 194 230 256CZ 0 0 85 309 375 425DK 6 6 19 45 110 2600DE 1166 3251 7099 14044 15234 16309EE 0 0 0 0 0 0IE 2 4 13 182 219 272EL 2101 2941 3047 4100 4090 4122ES 319 403 797 2373 2651 2851FR 590 513 583 1480 1595 1767HR 0 0 0 92 106 125IT 174 271 680 2415 2744 3018CY 0 0 730 909 937 959LV 0 0 0 0 0 0LT 0 0 0 0 0 0LU 0 0 6 28 32 38HU 27 36 45 140 150 150MT 0 0 0 0 0 0NL 162 360 620 811 843 865AT 1241 2202 3083 4441 4763 4929PL 0 0 95 656 909 1200PT 200 238 289 752 876 967RO 0 0 0 0 0 0SI 0 0 0 0 0 0SK 0 0 64 123 146 154FI 7 10 16 33 37 40SE 135 207 371 510 446 472UK 254 396 863 2804 3536 4448

Solar Collectors’ Surface – 1990-2012 (1 000 m2)

40 000

20 000

80 000

60 000

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Solar Installed Capacity

Total

MW 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 49 180 2297 30129 52467 70704

BE 0 0 2 904 1391 2581BG 0 0 0 25 154 1013CZ 0 0 1 1727 1913 2022DK 0 1 3 7 17 399DE 18 114 2056 17554 25039 32643EE 0 0 0 0 0 0IE 0 0 0 0 0 0EL 0 0 1 202 612 1536ES 7 12 60 4653 5501 6603FR 2 7 13 1030 2803 3953HR 0 0 0 0 0 4IT 16 19 34 3470 12773 16420CY 0 0 1 7 10 17LV 0 0 0 0 0 0LT 0 0 0 0 0 7LU 0 0 24 29 41 74HU 0 0 0 2 4 12MT 0 0 0 0 7 19NL 2 13 51 88 145 365AT 1 5 30 154 317 363PL 0 0 0 0 1 1PT 0 1 2 134 172 238RO 0 0 0 0 1 41SI 0 0 0 12 57 142SK 0 0 0 19 496 513FI 1 3 4 7 8 8SE 2 3 4 11 12 24UK 0 2 11 94 993 1706

Solar Installed Capacity – Total – 1990-2012 (MW)

100 000

50 000

200 000

150 000

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

104 105PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.8. Solar Penetration Level

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.7. Intermittent Energy

2.7.7. Solar Gross Electricity Production

Solar Gross Electricity Production

Total

TWh 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 0.0 0.1 1.5 23.3 47.3 71.0

BE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.2 2.1BG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8CZ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.2 2.1DK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1DE 0.0 0.1 1.3 11.7 19.6 26.4EE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0IE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0EL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.7ES 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 9.4 12.0FR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.1 4.0HR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0IT 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 10.8 18.9CY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0LV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0LT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0LU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0HU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3AT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3PL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0PT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4RO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0SI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2SK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4FI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0SE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0UK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.2

Solar Gross Electricity Production – Total – 1990-2012 (TWh)

100

200

150

50

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Solar Penetration Level

In Total Gross Electricity Generation

% 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.4 2.2

BE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.3 2.6BG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.7CZ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.5 2.5DK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3DE 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.9 3.2 4.2EE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0IE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0EL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.0 2.8ES 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 3.2 4.0FR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.7HR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0IT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 3.6 6.3CY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5LV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0LT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0LU 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0HU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.6NL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2AT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.5PL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0PT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.8RO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0SI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.0SK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.4 1.5FI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0SE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0UK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

106 107PART 2 Energy in the EU2.8. CHP

2.8.2. CHP Heat

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.8. CHP2.8.1. CHP Electricity

CHP Heat

Production and Capacity

CHP Heat Production CHP Heat Capacity

PJ GW

2005 2010 2011 2010 2011

EU-28 3112.5 3038.4 2994.0 266.2 265.5

BE 75.9 0.0 93.7 4.8 5.2BG 50.4 40.4 38.5 3.9 4.1CZ 150.7 135.7 121.1 20.5 23.4DK 119.0 124.7 108.1 10.2 9.8DE 652.5 675.8 638.9 63.9 66.0EE 11.5 12.3 12.3 1.5 1.5IE 4.4 12.0 11.0 0.7 0.7EL 9.7 12.7 13.8 1.0 0.8ES 192.5 153.3 159.0 10.3 7.9FR 209.2 173.9 173.9 13.3 13.3HR 0.0 14.9 14.9 1.7 1.7IT 193.1 202.5 202.5 13.9 13.9CY 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0LV 11.9 10.4 9.3 0.8 0.9LT 19.9 19.3 15.8 2.5 2.5LU 1.2 3.2 3.1 0.0 0.0HU 47.4 42.2 35.1 3.4 3.1MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NL 220.3 233.6 224.0 18.6 18.8AT 95.8 110.6 96.4 8.6 8.4PL 275.4 277.1 263.5 24.8 24.8PT 59.6 67.2 69.3 4.8 4.6RO 95.4 69.0 71.9 10.8 10.4SI 15.0 11.6 11.0 0.8 0.8SK 33.7 20.1 26.2 9.2 9.7FI 250.0 272.8 255.0 16.0 16.0SE 132.7 187.2 171.5 12.3 9.4UK 185.2 155.5 153.9 7.8 7.8

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

CHP Electricity

Generation and Capacity

CHP Electricity Generation CHP Electrical Capacity

TWh GW

2005 2010 2011 2005 2010 2011

EU-28 366.1 394.6 377.7 98.2 105.6 106.0

BE 7.4 15.2 14.5 1.9 2.6 2.6BG 2.7 3.7 3.4 1.2 1.0 1.1CZ 13.9 12.2 11.2 5.2 4.8 4.7DK 18.9 19.1 16.3 5.7 5.8 5.5DE 77.9 83.2 79.6 20.8 22.5 26.6EE 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.6 0.4 0.4IE 0.6 1.9 2.0 0.1 0.3 0.3EL 1.0 2.5 2.7 0.2 0.6 0.6ES 22.9 22.4 22.1 3.1 3.4 3.0FR 23.2 15.7 15.7 6.6 4.6 4.6HR 0.0 2.0 2.2 0.0 0.7 0.7IT 27.4 34.7 34.7 5.9 7.4 7.3CY 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0LV 1.5 3.0 2.9 0.6 0.9 0.9LT 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.2LU 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1HU 6.8 7.3 6.0 2.1 1.9 1.8MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NL 29.5 39.2 36.7 7.2 9.3 9.2AT 10.1 11.0 10.3 3.3 3.2 3.7PL 26.3 27.7 27.1 8.3 8.7 8.8PT 5.4 6.4 6.6 1.1 1.3 1.4RO 15.6 6.5 7.3 5.3 4.6 2.2SI 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3SK 4.8 4.4 7.0 1.9 2.8 2.5FI 27.5 29.2 26.6 5.8 6.2 6.2SE 10.7 18.5 15.1 3.5 5.1 4.0UK 27.2 23.6 23.2 5.4 6.1 6.1

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

CHP

108 109PART 2 Energy in the EU2.8. CHP

2.8.3. CHP Electricity and Heat

CHP Electricity and Heat

EU-28 – CHP Electricity and Heat Generation (PJ – GCV)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

CHP Electricity Generation CHP Heat Production

500

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.9. Heat

2.9.1. Gross Heat Generation

Gross Heat Generation

Total

PJ (GCV) 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 2264.3 2169.4 2588.5 2668.1 2472.7 2490.8Index 1995 100 % 96 % 114 % 118 % 109 % 110 %

BE 10.0 23.2 22.4 38.3 38.1 31.7BG 133.5 50.8 52.1 59.4 58.4 57.8CZ 175.9 139.2 139.2 130.3 123.3 124.1DK 119.1 119.2 129.1 152.1 133.1 136.9DE 416.6 315.9 494.0 515.2 467.2 485.0EE 31.1 27.0 26.8 25.5 22.9 24.5IE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0EL 0.0 1.2 2.0 1.9 2.3 1.9ES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0FR 23.0 135.5 174.3 147.6 133.8 126.8HR 13.2 11.5 13.3 12.5 12.1 11.6IT 0.0 0.0 193.1 205.3 219.1 207.0CY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0LV 46.1 31.9 31.1 28.7 25.0 26.9LT 66.9 48.2 49.9 48.8 45.9 46.5LU 0.0 0.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1HU 61.3 69.2 63.6 53.0 49.3 49.5MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NL 107.1 155.1 170.9 147.0 142.2 132.4AT 39.2 47.9 61.6 84.9 80.7 83.0PL 420.8 340.7 340.7 343.9 318.2 327.3PT 1.5 5.6 13.7 21.1 20.6 21.5RO 287.0 190.8 127.7 99.1 98.9 89.3SI 8.9 9.4 10.1 9.8 9.7 9.5SK 42.1 36.8 52.5 48.6 43.7 43.2FI 97.7 149.9 178.9 210.8 188.5 196.2SE 163.1 157.9 181.1 224.2 178.5 196.4UK 0.0 102.1 57.2 57.0 58.1 58.6

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Heat

110 111PART 2 Energy in the EU2.9. Heat

2.9.1. Gross Heat Generation

Gross Heat Generation

By Fuel

2012

PJ (GCV) Gro

ss H

eat

Gen

erat

ion

Gas

es

Solid

Fue

ls

Rene

wab

les

Petr

oleu

m

and

Prod

ucts

Was

tes,

non-

RES

Nuc

lear

EU-28 2490.8 1023.2 702.9 478.1 131.5 95.0 4.6Share (%) 100.0 % 41.1 % 28.2 % 19.2 % 5.3 % 3.8 % 0.2 %

BE 31.7 28.8 0.0 1.6 0.0 1.3 0.0BG 57.8 25.6 24.0 0.2 4.8 0.0 0.9CZ 124.1 36.8 77.3 4.8 1.2 1.3 1.0DK 136.9 32.8 32.3 55.4 2.4 10.8 0.0DE 485.0 218.4 158.7 53.5 7.4 36.4 0.0EE 24.5 11.8 4.0 7.5 1.1 0.0 0.0IE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0EL 1.9 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0FR 126.8 66.5 7.4 32.2 10.1 10.7 0.0HR 11.6 10.1 0.0 0.2 1.3 0.0 0.0IT 207.0 132.4 1.3 24.8 45.5 3.0 0.0CY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0LV 26.9 21.0 0.3 5.0 0.4 0.0 0.0LT 46.5 22.6 0.2 10.2 3.6 0.0 0.0LU 3.1 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0HU 49.5 41.9 3.2 3.2 0.2 0.5 0.5MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NL 132.4 105.5 5.5 9.6 5.8 6.0 0.0AT 83.0 32.9 2.6 37.4 4.9 5.2 0.0PL 327.3 36.2 261.5 19.5 9.2 0.6 0.0PT 21.5 19.3 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0RO 89.3 53.3 25.8 2.1 8.2 0.0 0.0SI 9.5 2.8 5.2 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.0SK 43.2 19.7 8.8 7.5 4.8 0.2 2.1FI 196.2 41.5 63.0 72.1 10.1 3.7 0.0SE 196.4 14.9 11.0 127.7 6.4 14.7 0.0UK 58.6 45.4 8.9 2.1 1.7 0.5 0.0

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.9. Heat

2.9.1. Gross Heat Generation

Gross Heat Generation

EU-28 – Gross Heat Generation – Total – 1990-2012 (PJ-GCV)

500

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

EU-28 – Gross Heat Generation by Fuel – 1990-2012 (PJ-GCV)

Nuclear

Gases Renewables

Other

400

200

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

1 600

1 400

1 200

1 000

800

600

Solid Fuels

Petroleum and Products

Wastes, non-RES

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

112 113PART 2 Energy in the EU2.10. Transport

2.10.2. Biofuels

Biofuels

EU-28 by Fuel

Production Share in Transport Fuels

Tota

l Bio

fuel

s

Biod

iese

l

Biog

asol

ine

Tota

l Bio

fuel

s

of B

ioga

solin

e

in M

otor

Gas

olin

e

of B

iodi

esel

in

Gas

/Die

sel O

il

ktoe %1990 6 6 0 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 %1991 7 7 0 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 %1992 20 16 2 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 %1993 48 25 18 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 %1994 135 95 25 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 %1995 222 188 24 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.2 %1996 313 268 39 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.2 %1997 401 338 53 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.3 %1998 383 310 63 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.2 %1999 441 369 58 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.3 %2000 709 634 59 0.2 % 0.0 % 0.4 %2001 886 789 70 0.2 % 0.0 % 0.5 %2002 1186 997 159 0.3 % 0.1 % 0.6 %2003 1472 1183 239 0.4 % 0.2 % 0.7 %2004 2155 1780 266 0.5 % 0.3 % 0.9 %2005 3211 2365 452 0.8 % 0.5 % 1.2 %2006 5497 3683 742 1.5 % 0.8 % 2.0 %2007 7462 5302 1032 2.1 % 1.1 % 2.9 %2008 8878 6613 1384 2.7 % 1.7 % 3.8 %2009 10646 7941 1706 3.3 % 2.3 % 4.6 %2010 11717 8915 1980 3.7 % 3.0 % 5.0 %2011 10541 8465 1743 3.9 % 3.2 % 5.2 %2012 11532 9188 2036 4.2 % 3.3 % 5.8 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.10. Transport2.10.1. Fuels Final Consumption

Fuels Final Consumption

EU-28 – Petroleum Products and Biofuels

ktoe Fina

l Co

nsum

ptio

n Pe

trol

eum

Pr

oduc

ts

Gas

/ D

iese

l Oil

Mot

or

Gas

olin

e

LPG

Fina

l Co

nsum

ptio

n Bi

ofue

ls

Biod

iese

l

Biog

asol

ine

1990 278083 105890 138210 2706 6 6 01991 280280 108546 138684 2620 6 6 01992 289744 113981 140920 2477 22 15 51993 293078 116839 140395 2592 52 25 241994 296427 120171 138991 2773 139 111 251995 300172 123249 138159 3004 216 188 241996 310213 129859 139595 3135 318 274 391997 315874 133773 139111 3457 433 369 551998 327210 141987 139429 3557 409 335 631999 336603 148329 140085 3534 456 384 602000 337373 153225 134100 3662 710 637 582001 339795 158934 131753 3875 836 753 652002 342627 164097 129729 4118 1110 930 1582003 347073 171884 124719 4286 1421 1169 2412004 356195 181328 120931 4571 1927 1604 3042005 358141 186210 115398 4713 3019 2309 5562006 363435 193456 111356 4899 5385 3942 8522007 367023 199237 107493 4909 7685 5879 11832008 360116 197238 101943 5051 9826 7697 18112009 345588 191481 96902 5269 11703 9214 23102010 342490 194695 91366 5298 13088 10216 28322011 339749 194696 87471 5514 13635 10726 28872012 328800 190599 82369 5481 14501 11637 2852

EU-28 – Fuels Consumption in the Transport Sector – 1990-2012 (ktoe)

Gas/Diesel Oil

Biogasoline

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

400 000

350 000

300 000

200 000

150 000

100 000

50 000

250 000

Motor Gasoline

Final Consumption Petroleum Products

Final Consumption Biofuels

Biodiesel

LPG

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Transport

114 115PART 2 Energy in the EU2.11. Energy Efficiency

2.11.1. Energy Intensity

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.10. Transport

2.10.2. Biofuels

Biofuels

EU-28 – Production Biofuels – 1990-2012 (ktoe)

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Total Biofuels

Biogasoline

14 000

10 000

8 000

6 000

2 000

4 000

12 000

Biodiesel

Other Liquid Biofuels

EU-28 – Biofuels Share in Transport Fuels – 1990-2012 (%)

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Total Biofuels

Biodiesel in Gas/Diesel Oil

Biogasoline in Motor Gasoline

6

5

4

3

2

1

Source: Eurostat, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Energy Intensity

All Fuels

toe/M€ '2005 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 191 171 164 152 144 143Index 1995 100 % 89 % 86 % 79 % 75 % 75 %

BE 221 211 194 190 182 172BG 1288 1040 849 669 705 670CZ 533 481 431 374 355 355DK 119 101 94 97 90 87DE 173 159 154 140 129 129EE 966 629 502 551 505 481IE 140 111 92 93 84 83EL 179 179 163 148 154 166ES 161 160 159 137 135 136FR 174 162 161 151 143 143HR 289 270 248 232 232 225IT 130 127 131 123 121 117CY 203 207 187 178 174 167LV 692 443 355 382 333 329LT 753 490 415 307 299 292LU 176 143 158 142 137 134HU 418 350 311 294 282 269MT 204 173 197 172 163 148NL 184 157 159 158 145 149AT 140 128 140 132 125 124PL 613 424 379 328 315 299PT 172 171 178 153 151 147RO 751 606 491 395 394 379SI 312 268 255 231 231 228SK 691 604 494 369 349 329FI 268 235 219 226 210 204SE 234 187 171 157 149 148UK 166 143 125 111 103 105

Energy Intensity – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (toe/M€ ‘2005)

200

150

50

100

250

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Energy Efficiency

116 117PART 2 Energy in the EU2.11. Energy Efficiency

2.11.2. Energy per Capita

Energy per Capita

All Fuels

kgoe/cap 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 3458 3542 3678 3486 3360 3318Index 1995 100 % 102 % 106 % 101 % 97 % 96 %

BE 5321 5773 5607 5608 5435 5095BG 2699 2267 2559 2359 2598 2496CZ 4034 4008 4409 4253 4118 4071DK 3867 3701 3613 3633 3366 3245DE 4183 4165 4145 4081 3878 3900EE 3820 3628 4170 4595 4617 4569IE 3066 3758 3616 3318 3056 3017EL 2244 2591 2831 2576 2499 2502ES 2592 3071 3323 2819 2780 2757FR 4071 4242 4390 4123 3960 3949HR 1534 1751 2011 1937 1964 1902IT 2846 3060 3199 2889 2832 2680CY 3003 3460 3438 3289 3148 2904LV 1860 1632 2051 2272 2126 2231LT 2380 2018 2621 2189 2312 2371LU 8117 8328 10298 9137 8779 8381HU 2535 2478 2737 2581 2518 2374MT 1999 2057 2408 2300 2207 1996NL 4700 4746 4993 5214 4805 4882AT 3406 3617 4176 4138 4011 3994PL 2582 2326 2425 2620 2627 2542PT 2057 2473 2604 2283 2223 2099RO 2042 1634 1839 1768 1815 1760SI 3053 3243 3661 3527 3547 3406SK 3304 3389 3532 3290 3224 3089FI 5733 6264 6581 6911 6590 6296SE 5831 5511 5647 5415 5261 5231UK 3830 3915 3885 3392 3145 3175

Energy per Capita – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (kgoe/cap)

2 000

4 000

3 000

1 000

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.11. Energy Efficiency

2.11.3. Final Electricity per Capita

Final Electricity per Capita

All Fuels

kWh/cap 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 4676 5192 5616 5631 5516 5515Index 1995 100 % 111 % 120 % 120 % 118 % 118 %

BE 6752 7568 7657 7655 7298 7507BG 3413 2968 3332 3597 3868 3811CZ 4654 4807 5403 5439 5407 5391DK 5905 6080 6175 5836 5732 5618DE 5525 5882 6333 6512 6426 6419EE 3146 3655 4482 5155 4945 5209IE 4124 5333 5854 5575 5434 5264EL 3205 3952 4589 4763 4656 4689ES 3578 4681 5581 5313 5279 5204FR 5773 6338 6715 6855 6413 6634HR 2147 2648 3245 3590 3622 3596IT 4192 4794 5134 4949 4971 4872CY 3416 4317 5362 5886 5548 5103LV 1797 1891 2559 2963 3007 3367LT 1751 1771 2401 2690 2833 2986LU 12200 13215 13206 13015 12570 11787HU 2686 2883 3206 3421 3464 3308MT 3333 4018 4849 3875 4358 4447NL 5349 6142 6405 6433 6438 6356AT 5877 6433 7088 7445 7416 7477PL 2343 2578 2762 3092 3164 3183PT 2872 3753 4391 4690 4553 4371RO 1603 1513 1823 2041 2120 2109SI 4698 5289 6368 5840 6141 6101SK 4052 4075 4242 4445 4596 4428FI 12768 14620 15390 15564 14861 14916SE 14112 14509 14474 13991 13189 13371UK 5079 5594 5789 5281 5067 4985

Final Electricity per Capita – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (kWh/cap)

4 000

8 000

6 000

2 000

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

118 119PART 2 Energy in the EU2.11. Energy Efficiency

2.11.4. Primary Energy Efficiency

Primary Energy Efficiency

All Fuels

toe/M€ ‘2005 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 179 160 154 142 135 135Index 1995 100 % 89 % 86 % 80 % 76 % 75 %

BE 198 187 169 164 159 149BG 1218 985 813 653 687 653CZ 504 457 403 351 334 333DK 118 100 93 96 88 86DE 161 147 143 131 120 120EE 935 606 482 543 500 474IE 133 107 91 91 82 81EL 175 174 159 143 150 162ES 149 148 149 130 128 130FR 163 152 152 144 136 136HR 255 247 228 216 216 210IT 122 121 125 116 114 112CY 196 200 181 173 170 164LV 686 435 348 377 326 321LT 705 444 377 274 246 241LU 174 142 158 141 136 133HU 392 328 287 272 259 247MT 204 173 193 171 162 146NL 161 135 133 129 120 123AT 133 121 133 125 119 117PL 590 403 360 312 299 285PT 154 155 161 142 140 138RO 731 575 460 378 375 360SI 306 258 244 224 227 224SK 655 559 461 348 325 310FI 257 227 212 218 204 198SE 225 181 163 151 144 143UK 156 136 119 107 99 102

Primary Energy Efficiency – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (toe/M€ ‘2005)

200

150

50

100

250

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.11. Energy Efficiency

2.11.5. Carbon Intensity

Carbon Intensity

All Fuels

kg CO2/toe 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 2612 2539 2499 2383 2390 2373Index 1995 100 % 97 % 96 % 91 % 91 % 91 %

BE 2599 2466 2602 2329 2188 2207BG 2636 2482 2593 2731 2826 2691CZ 3107 3078 2819 2641 2685 2623DK 3355 3054 2868 2651 2594 2394DE 2789 2682 2612 2586 2657 2677EE 3314 3122 3016 3023 3091 2898IE 3328 3286 3354 2911 2869 2899EL 4205 4118 3962 3744 3792 3613ES 2744 2727 2791 2462 2513 2489FR 1708 1690 1614 1534 1491 1499HR 2469 2598 2665 2522 2491 2401IT 2811 2723 2689 2526 2502 2461CY 3473 3522 3802 3385 3392 3389LV 2074 1831 1905 2026 2008 1886LT 1809 1727 1674 2107 2093 2083LU 2942 2677 2795 2705 2710 2691HU 2363 2322 2199 2028 2013 1977MT 4022 4894 6935 6591 7887 8137NL 2941 2942 2957 2710 2827 2676AT 2412 2338 2370 2152 2157 2076PL 3665 3601 3462 3288 3257 3297PT 2765 2744 2658 2336 2363 2483RO 2741 2545 2542 2246 2354 2384SI 2481 2369 2297 2251 2246 2270SK 2521 2244 2207 2103 2147 2116FI 2044 1849 1722 1775 1661 1554SE 1242 1244 1211 1203 1139 1077UK 2606 2562 2569 2569 2556 2577

Carbon Intensity – All Fuels – 1990-2012 (C02/toe)

1 000

3 000

2 000

1990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010 2012

EU-28

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

120 121PART 2 Energy in the EU2.12. RES Indicators2.12.1. RES Shares

RES Shares*

Overall and Heating & Cooling

Overall RES with Aviation Cap** RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling

% 2006 2010 2011 2012 2006 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 9.3 12.5 12.9 14.1 10.9 14.2 15.0 15.6

BE 2.7 5.0 5.2 6.8 3.7 5.0 4.7 6.6BG 9.7 14.4 14.6 16.3 14.8 24.4 24.9 27.5CZ 6.4 9.3 9.3 11.2 9.6 12.1 12.6 13.6DK 15.9 22.6 24.0 26.0 23.0 30.7 31.8 33.3DE 7.7 10.7 11.6 12.4 6.9 10.3 10.8 11.1EE 16.1 24.6 25.6 25.8 30.7 43.3 44.1 43.1IE 3.1 5.6 6.6 7.2 3.5 4.3 4.9 5.1EL 7.2 9.8 10.9 13.8 12.4 17.8 19.4 24.4ES 9.2 13.8 13.2 14.3 11.4 12.6 13.6 14.0FR 9.5 12.7 11.3 13.4 12.0 16.0 16.1 16.9HR 12.8 14.3 15.4 16.8 11.4 13.0 15.6 18.3IT 6.4 10.6 12.3 13.5 6.0 10.7 12.5 12.8CY 3.3 6.0 6.0 6.8 10.5 18.3 19.3 21.2LV 31.1 32.5 33.5 35.8 42.6 43.8 44.7 47.3LT 17.0 19.8 20.2 21.7 29.7 33.2 33.7 35.5LU 1.5 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.6 4.8 4.8 5.0HU 5.1 8.6 9.1 9.6 7.5 11.1 12.3 13.6MT 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.4 4.9 4.3 7.8 13.0NL 2.6 3.7 4.3 4.5 2.4 2.7 3.3 3.4AT 25.6 30.8 30.8 32.1 23.5 30.7 30.9 32.8PL 7.0 9.3 10.4 11.0 10.4 11.9 13.4 13.7PT 20.7 24.2 24.5 24.6 33.9 33.7 35.0 33.0RO 17.1 23.2 21.2 22.9 17.6 27.2 24.3 25.7SI 15.6 19.2 19.4 20.2 18.5 25.5 28.7 30.6SK 5.9 9.0 10.3 10.4 4.4 7.8 9.1 8.7FI 30.1 32.4 32.7 34.3 41.6 44.1 45.7 48.1SE 42.6 47.2 48.8 51.0 56.2 60.9 62.5 65.6UK 1.6 3.3 3.8 4.2 0.9 1.7 2.3 2.3

* Of the Gross Final Energy ** Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules Source: Eurostat, April 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.12. RES Indicators

2.12.1. RES Shares

RES Shares*

Electricity and Transport

RES-E – Electricity Generation RE-T – Transport**

% 2006 2010 2011 2012 2006 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 15.4 19.7 21.7 23.5 2.1 4.8 3.4 5.1

BE 3.1 7.1 8.8 11.1 0.2 4.1 4.0 4.5BG 9.9 13.7 13.9 17.0 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.3CZ 4.0 7.5 10.6 11.6 0.8 4.6 0.7 5.6DK 24.0 32.7 35.9 38.7 0.3 0.9 3.8 5.8DE 11.8 18.1 20.9 23.6 6.4 6.0 5.9 6.9EE 1.5 10.4 12.3 15.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3IE 8.7 14.9 17.6 19.6 0.1 2.4 3.9 4.1EL 9.0 12.5 13.9 16.5 0.7 1.9 0.7 1.1ES 20.0 29.7 31.6 33.5 0.7 4.7 0.4 0.4FR 14.1 14.9 16.4 16.6 2.0 6.2 0.5 7.1HR 32.2 34.2 34.2 35.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4IT 16.0 20.2 23.7 27.6 0.9 4.6 4.7 5.8CY 0.0 1.4 3.4 4.9 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0LV 40.4 42.1 44.7 44.9 1.2 3.3 3.5 3.3LT 4.0 7.4 9.0 10.9 1.7 3.6 3.7 4.8LU 3.2 3.8 4.1 4.6 0.1 2.0 2.1 2.2HU 3.5 7.1 6.4 6.1 0.6 4.7 5.0 4.6MT 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0NL 6.6 9.7 9.8 10.5 0.5 3.1 4.6 5.0AT 62.5 64.9 65.0 65.5 5.5 8.6 7.6 7.7PL 3.0 6.6 8.2 10.7 1.2 6.3 6.5 6.1PT 29.3 40.7 45.9 47.6 1.3 5.6 0.4 0.4RO 28.1 30.4 31.1 33.6 0.8 3.1 2.0 4.1SI 28.2 32.1 30.8 31.4 0.6 2.8 2.1 2.9SK 13.5 17.8 19.3 20.1 2.9 4.8 5.0 4.8FI 26.4 27.6 29.4 29.5 0.4 3.8 0.4 0.4SE 51.8 56.0 59.9 60.0 4.7 7.2 9.4 12.6UK 4.5 7.4 8.8 10.8 0.6 3.1 2.7 3.7

* Of the Gross Final Energy ** Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules Source: Eurostat, April 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

RES Indicators

122 123PART 2 Energy in the EU2.12. RES Indicators

2.12.1. RES Shares

RES Shares

In the Gross Final Energy – EU-28 (%)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

10

15

5

50

20

25

30

35

30

45

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling

Overall RES with Aviation Cap – all fuels

RE-T – Transport

RES-E – Electricity Generation

Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules Source: Eurostat, April 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.13. Energy Prices

2.13.1. Prices of Transport Fuels

Prices of Transport Fuels

Automotive Diesel Oil – All Taxes Included

Current Prices (€/litre) 2006 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*

BE 1.02 1.14 1.37 1.46 1.40 1.37BG 0.98 1.17 1.27 1.33 1.32CZ 1.02 1.21 1.39 1.45 1.39 1.33DK 1.10 1.21 1.41 1.49 1.48 1.48DE 1.11 1.20 1.38 1.49 1.43 1.38EE 0.87 1.10 1.27 1.37 1.32 1.30IE 1.10 1.22 1.41 1.55 1.51 1.48EL 0.96 1.24 1.47 1.54 1.39 1.37ES 0.96 1.07 1.27 1.37 1.36 1.33FR 1.08 1.14 1.33 1.40 1.35 1.32HR 1.30 1.30IT 1.17 1.21 1.44 1.71 1.66 1.63CY 0.90 1.00 1.25 1.35 1.41 1.44LV 0.87 1.06 1.27 1.37 1.31 1.29LT 0.89 1.02 1.23 1.33 1.32 1.30LU 0.92 0.99 1.17 1.26 1.22 1.19HU 1.02 1.16 1.36 1.50 1.44 1.38MT 0.99 1.04 1.30 1.37 1.38 1.36NL 1.08 1.15 1.35 1.45 1.42 1.43AT 1.01 1.10 1.33 1.41 1.36 1.32PL 0.98 1.06 1.22 1.36 1.31 1.27PT 1.05 1.15 1.37 1.45 1.39 1.34RO 1.03 1.24 1.32 1.32 1.35SI 0.96 1.15 1.24 1.36 1.38 1.35SK 1.06 1.11 1.34 1.44 1.39 1.35FI 1.02 1.13 1.37 1.55 1.52 1.52SE 1.15 1.25 1.51 1.67 1.65 1.57UK 1.40 1.39 1.60 1.76 1.66 1.66

* Average 1 Jan – 15 Jun Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Energy Prices

124 125PART 2 Energy in the EU2.13. Energy Prices

2.13.1. Prices of Transport Fuels

Prices of Transport Fuels

Euro-Super 95 – All Taxes Included

Current Prices (€/litre) 2006 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*

BE 1.29 1.40 1.54 1.65 1.58 1.55BG 1.02 1.17 1.28 1.32 1.29CZ 1.05 1.25 1.41 1.46 1.40 1.31DK 1.28 1.44 1.61 1.70 1.68 1.67DE 1.28 1.39 1.53 1.65 1.60 1.55EE 0.87 1.11 1.24 1.36 1.31 1.29IE 1.12 1.30 1.48 1.62 1.59 1.53EL 0.98 1.43 1.67 1.75 1.69 1.66ES 1.04 1.16 1.32 1.43 1.43 1.41FR 1.24 1.34 1.50 1.57 1.54 1.51HR 1.37 1.38IT 1.29 1.36 1.55 1.79 1.75 1.72CY 0.94 1.04 1.21 1.32 1.38 1.42LV 0.88 1.09 1.28 1.41 1.35 1.32LT 0.90 1.18 1.32 1.41 1.38 1.33LU 1.08 1.16 1.29 1.39 1.34 1.31HU 1.05 1.22 1.37 1.48 1.41 1.34MT 1.10 1.19 1.38 1.48 1.47 1.44NL 1.41 1.49 1.64 1.76 1.74 1.71AT 1.09 1.19 1.36 1.45 1.39 1.35PL 1.02 1.13 1.24 1.36 1.31 1.27PT 1.28 1.37 1.54 1.64 1.58 1.55RO 1.06 1.23 1.27 1.28 1.31SI 1.00 1.20 1.29 1.48 1.49 1.46SK 1.05 1.25 1.44 1.54 1.49 1.45FI 1.29 1.43 1.56 1.67 1.64 1.62SE 1.23 1.34 1.54 1.71 1.67 1.61UK 1.34 1.36 1.54 1.68 1.58 1.57

* Average 1 Jan – 15 Jun Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.13. Energy Prices

2.13.1. Prices of Transport Fuels

Prices of Transport Fuels

Consumer Prices of Petroleum Products

EU-28 Weighted Average* (€/litre)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20142013

0.00

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

1.00

Euro-Super 95 LPGAutomotive Gas Oil

* All Taxes Included – Uncomplete EU-28 series for the period 2005-2012 Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

126 127

Fuel Prices* – Domestic Consumers

Gas – Band D2: 20GJ < Consumption < 200GJ

€/GJ (GCV) 2nd Semester 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

EU-28 17.17 14.62 15.72 17.98 19.45 19.63

BE 20.24 14.33 16.78 20.31 20.39 18.55BG 10.86 9.67 11.98 13.10 15.44 14.39CZ 14.69 13.11 14.35 16.53 18.36 15.98DK 26.57 26.77 30.11 30.14 30.09 30.89DE 21.17 16.35 15.86 17.77 18.01 19.13EE 10.30 10.07 11.14 12.14 14.38 13.21IE 18.05 15.29 14.63 17.18 18.68 20.07EL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.25 24.66ES 18.14 14.88 15.00 15.00 23.98 24.78FR 16.06 16.20 15.98 17.95 18.95 20.24HR 7.70 9.10 10.54 10.32 13.11 13.00IT 19.99 14.84 21.86 24.32 26.89 26.29CYLV 13.88 10.52 11.28 12.69 15.57 13.99LT 10.63 11.29 12.59 14.99 16.97 17.05LU 14.28 12.82 13.13 16.09 16.49 15.71HU 12.93 13.23 15.38 15.82 14.36 11.67MTNL 21.04 18.76 18.48 20.58 23.46 23.49AT 17.11 17.23 16.71 20.03 21.20 20.96PL 14.30 12.78 14.04 13.90 16.00 14.14PT 17.48 16.52 17.49 20.51 23.69 25.93RO 9.33 7.45 7.73 7.68 7.61 8.52SI 19.77 14.96 18.68 22.01 20.28 18.40SK 12.92 13.21 12.39 14.21 14.29 14.43FISE 28.22 26.12 29.48 32.37 35.22 34.01UK 13.29 11.84 11.72 14.53 16.05 16.33

* All Taxes Included Source: Eurostat, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Fuel Prices* – Domestic Consumers

Electricity – Band DC: 2 500 kWh < Consumption < 5 000 kWh

€/100 kWh 2nd Semester 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

EU-28 16.63 16.36 17.26 18.44 19.54 20.09

BE 21.52 18.64 19.74 21.19 22.23 22.15BG 8.23 8.18 8.30 8.74 9.55 8.82CZ 12.99 13.94 13.92 14.66 15.01 14.93DK 27.85 25.53 27.08 29.75 29.72 29.36DE 21.95 22.94 24.38 25.31 26.76 29.21EE 8.50 9.20 10.04 10.42 11.23 13.67IE 20.33 18.55 18.75 20.86 22.89 24.05EL 10.99 10.32 12.11 12.38 14.18 16.97ES 15.57 16.84 18.51 20.88 22.75 22.73FR 12.03 12.07 13.50 14.22 14.50 15.89HR 11.84 11.64 11.53 11.46 13.84 13.50IT 22.27 19.97 19.20 20.65 22.97 23.23CY 20.40 16.42 20.21 24.13 29.09 24.81LV 10.03 10.54 10.48 13.42 13.69 13.58LT 8.65 9.26 12.16 12.21 12.68 13.91LU 16.09 18.82 17.47 16.62 17.06 16.46HU 15.53 16.62 15.74 15.53 16.18 13.26MT 15.36 15.13 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00NL 17.98 18.87 17.62 18.38 18.95 19.15AT 17.72 19.09 19.30 19.65 20.24 20.18PL 12.95 12.91 13.82 13.51 15.29 14.37PT 15.25 15.94 16.66 18.81 20.63 21.31RO 11.03 9.79 10.52 10.85 10.75 12.79SI 11.56 13.41 14.26 14.92 15.42 16.57SK 15.26 15.60 16.37 17.10 17.22 16.78FI 12.73 12.89 13.70 15.73 15.59 15.59SE 17.46 16.46 19.58 20.44 20.83 20.46UK 16.03 14.07 14.49 15.84 17.85 17.97

* All Taxes Included Source: Eurostat, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.13. Energy Prices

2.13.2. Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.13. Energy Prices

2.13.2. Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers

128 129

Fuel Prices* – Industrial Consumers

Gas – Band I3: 10 000 GJ < Consumption < 100 000 GJ

€/GJ (GCV) 2nd Semester 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

EU-28 12.86 9.88 10.91 11.90 12.71 13.36

BE 13.04 10.14 9.91 11.17 11.65 11.52BG 8.91 7.15 10.10 10.62 13.32 11.72CZ 13.03 9.00 12.08 11.50 11.27 11.15DK 21.13 16.94 21.93 22.73 24.29 26.50DE 16.43 11.44 13.19 13.40 12.70 15.82EE 10.34 7.66 9.43 10.31 11.93 11.76IE 12.20 8.08 9.66 11.92 12.95 14.60EL 18.12 15.81ES 10.48 8.73 9.54 10.88 12.44 12.67FR 12.84 10.34 11.46 12.39 13.28 12.71HR 7.82 9.13 13.46 14.78 16.03 14.75IT 12.45 8.62 9.19 10.80 12.26 11.69CYLV 12.99 9.30 10.70 11.30 13.39 12.46LT 14.33 9.09 11.37 14.47 15.49 13.73LU 12.04 10.65 12.46 14.66 15.08 13.26HU 14.06 12.57 12.42 15.25 16.42 16.87MTNL 12.34 12.15 10.74 11.37 12.22 12.11AT 12.59 13.42 13.93 14.48 14.28PL 11.39 10.20 11.01 10.85 12.80 12.45PT 9.67 7.59 9.82 11.96 14.35 14.34RO 9.24 7.06 7.57 8.53 9.09 9.93SI 15.19 11.54 14.17 17.28 18.36 16.07SK 15.61 10.60 12.16 13.64 13.76 12.89FI 11.40 9.70 11.23 15.72 16.26 16.13SE 23.13 20.48 22.27 26.19 27.45 26.30UK 10.21 6.96 7.43 9.23 11.26 11.94

* All Taxes Included Source: Eurostat, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

Fuel Prices* – Industrial Consumers

Electricity – Band IC: 500 MWh < Consumption < 2 000 MWh

€/100 kWh 2nd Semester 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

EU-28 12.48 12.53 12.84 13.77 14.38 14.71

BE 11.63 13.05 12.76 13.81 13.40 13.25BG 7.82 7.67 7.98 8.00 9.35 8.71CZ 13.35 13.35 12.97 12.99 12.34 11.98DK 22.40 21.40 22.93 23.37 24.21 24.63DE 14.28 15.15 15.62 16.62 17.27 19.02EE 7.11 7.74 8.73 9.02 9.81 11.64IE 16.04 13.27 12.77 14.60 15.75 15.41EL 10.06 10.20 11.39 12.56 13.81 14.00ES 12.38 12.99 12.90 13.64 14.47 14.54FR 7.36 7.74 8.35 9.48 9.42 10.19HR 11.42 11.10 11.12 10.94 11.75 11.80IT 17.04 15.81 16.63 19.08 20.75 19.95CY 20.75 17.15 19.84 24.19 27.32 23.67LV 9.40 10.82 10.96 13.44 13.44 13.94LT 9.90 9.54 12.65 12.56 13.84 14.85LU 10.38 12.28 10.86 10.60 10.74 10.63HU 14.61 16.18 13.12 13.17 12.55 12.29MT 17.00 13.56 18.90 18.90 18.90 18.90NL 12.34 13.12 11.61 11.14 11.59 11.38AT 12.86 13.94 13.53 13.53 13.39 13.27PL 11.10 11.39 12.04 11.58 11.76 10.79PT 9.46 9.89 9.64 11.46 14.09 13.97RO 11.34 9.90 10.08 10.55 10.91 11.85SI 11.82 11.55 12.06 11.57 11.29 11.53SK 15.33 16.70 14.26 15.13 15.25 15.23FI 8.22 8.33 8.41 9.23 9.15 9.29SE 9.65 8.61 10.50 10.36 9.70 9.34UK 12.79 11.64 11.64 12.53 14.32 14.36

* All Taxes Included Source: Eurostat, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.13. Energy Prices

2.13.3. Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers

PART 2 Energy in the EU2.13. Energy Prices

2.13.3. Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers

PART 3

in the EU

Socio-Economic Indicators

133PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

Summary

3.1. Classification of the Energy Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

3.1.1. Comparative Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

3.2. Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

3.2.1. Total Persons Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

3.2.2. Employment Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

3.2.3. Unemployment Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

3.3. Enterprises in the Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

3.3.1. Number of Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

3.3.2. Turnover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

3.3.3. Number of Persons Declared as Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

3.4. Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

3.4.1. GDP at Current Market Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

3.4.2. GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

3.4.3. GDP at 2005 Market Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

3.4.4. GDP per Capita at 2005 Market Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

3.5. Demography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

3.5.1. Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

134 135PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.1. Classification of the Energy Sector3.1.1. Comparative Table

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.2. Employment

3.2.1. Total Persons Employed

Comparative Table

Eurostat (NACE) and UN (ISIC) Classifications

NACE rev 2 ISIC 4

B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite05.10: Mining of Hard Coal 05.1005.20: Mining of Lignite 05.20

B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas06.10: Extraction of Crude Petroleum 06.1006.20: Extraction of Natural Gas 06.20

B07: Mining of Metal Ores07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores 07.21

B08: Other Mining and Quarrying08.92: Extraction of Peat 08.92

B09: Mining Support Service Activities09.10: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 09.10

C19: Manufacture of co*ke and Refined Petroleum Products19.10: Manufacture of co*ke Oven Products 19.1019.20: Manufacture of Refined Petroleum Products 19.20

D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply35.11: Production of Electricity 35.10

Power Generation, HydroelectricPower Generation, Fossil FuelPower Generation, NuclearElectric Power Generation, SolarElectric Power Generation, WindElectric Power Generation, GeothermalElectric Power Generation, Biomass Electric Power Generation, Tidal

35.12: Transmission of Electricity35.13: Distribution of Electricity35.14: Trade of Electricity

35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.2035.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains

35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 35.30

* Broad Definition, the Narrow Definition only includes Division D35 Source: Eurostat, UN, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Classification of the Energy Sector* EmploymentTotal Persons Employed

Member States Data* – EU-28

Thousands 2008 2010 2011 2012 2013

B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 342.6 334.6 344.8 331.4 329.0B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum

and Natural Gas 99.1 105.6 95.0 97.5 97.7

B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores

B08.92: Extraction of Peat 12.5 12.1 12.1 12.3 12.4**B09.1: Support Activities

for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction

47.3 50.6 51.2 51.7 52.2**

C19: Manufacture of co*ke and Refined Petroleum Products 243.8 219.8 214.1 207.6 208.1

D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 1549.4 1659.7 1663.5 1674.3 1621.5

D35.1 Electricity35.11: Production of Electricity35.12: Transmission

of Electricity35.13: Distribution

of Electricity35.14: Trade of Electricity

D35.2 Gas35.21: Manufacture of Gas35.22: Distribution of Gaseous

Fuels through Mains35.23: Trade of Gas

through MainsD35.3 Steam and Air Conditioning

35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

Broad Sector – Total Employment 2294.8 2382.4 2380.7 2374.8 2320.9

* According to the Labour Force Survey (LFS), 15 years or Over ** Estimations DG Energy Italic: According to the Structural Business Survey (SBS) Source: Eurostat, LFS Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

136 137PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.2. Employment

3.2.2. Employment Rate

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.2. Employment

3.2.3. Unemployment Rate

Employment Rate

Member States’ Data – All Sectors – 15-64 years

% 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013

EU-28 63.4 64.0 64.1 64.1 64.1

BE 60.5 61.1 62.0 61.9 61.8 61.8BG 50.4 55.8 59.7 58.4 58.8 59.5CZ 65.0 64.8 65.0 65.7 66.5 67.7DK 76.3 75.9 73.3 73.1 72.6 72.5DE 65.6 65.5 71.1 72.5 72.8 73.3EE 60.4 64.4 61.0 65.1 67.1 68.5IE 65.2 67.6 59.6 58.9 58.8 60.5EL 56.5 60.1 59.6 55.6 51.3 49.3ES 56.3 63.3 58.6 57.7 55.4 54.4FR 62.1 63.7 63.9 63.8 63.9 64.1HR 55.0 54.0 52.4 50.7 49.2IT 53.7 57.6 56.9 56.9 56.8 55.6CY 65.7 68.5 68.9 67.6 64.6 61.7LV 57.5 63.3 59.3 60.8 63.0 65.0LT 59.1 62.6 57.6 60.2 62.0 63.7LU 62.7 63.6 65.2 64.6 65.8 65.7HU 56.3 56.9 55.4 55.8 57.2 58.4MT 54.2 53.9 56.1 57.6 59.0 60.6NL 72.9 73.2 74.7 74.9 75.1 74.3AT 68.5 68.6 71.7 72.1 72.5 72.3PL 55.0 52.8 58.9 59.3 59.7 60.0PT 68.4 67.5 65.6 64.2 61.8 61.1RO 63.0 57.6 58.8 58.5 59.5 59.7SI 62.8 66.0 66.2 64.4 64.1 63.3SK 56.8 57.7 58.8 59.3 59.7 59.9FI 67.2 68.4 68.1 69.0 69.4 68.9SE 73.0 72.5 72.1 73.6 73.8 74.4UK 71.2 71.7 69.5 69.5 70.1 70.8

Source: Eurostat, LFS, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Unemployment Rate*

Member States’ Data – All Sectors

% 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013

EU-28 8.9 9.0 9.6 9.6 10.4 10.8

BE 6.9 8.5 8.3 7.2 7.6 8.4BG 16.4 10.1 10.3 11.3 12.3 13.0CZ 8.8 7.9 7.3 6.7 7.0 7.0DK 4.3 4.8 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.0DE 8.0 11.3 7.1 5.9 5.5 5.3EE 14.6 8.0 16.7 12.3 10.0 8.6IE 4.2 4.4 13.9 14.7 14.7 13.1EL 11.2 10.0 12.7 17.9 24.5 27.5ES 11.9 9.2 19.9 21.4 24.8 26.1FR 9.5 8.9 9.3 9.2 9.8 10.3HR 15.8 12.8 11.8 13.5 15.9 17.2IT 10.0 7.7 8.4 8.4 10.7 12.2CY 4.8 5.3 6.3 7.9 11.9 15.9LV 14.3 10.0 19.5 16.2 15.0 11.9LT 16.4 8.3 17.8 15.4 13.4 11.8LU 2.2 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.9HU 6.3 7.2 11.2 10.9 10.9 10.2MT 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.4 6.3 6.4NL 3.1 5.3 4.5 4.4 5.3 6.7AT 3.6 5.2 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.9PL 16.1 17.9 9.7 9.7 10.1 10.3PT* 4.5 8.5 12.0 12.9 15.8 16.4RO 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.0 7.3SI 6.7 6.5 7.3 8.2 8.9 10.1SK 18.9 16.4 14.5 13.7 14.0 14.2FI 9.8 8.4 8.4 7.8 7.7 8.2SE 5.6 7.7 8.6 7.8 8.0 8.0UK 5.4 4.8 7.8 8.0 7.9 7.5

* Annual Average, Total Source: Eurostat, LFS, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

138 139PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector3.3.1. Number of Enterprises

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.1. Number of Enterprises

Number of Enterprises*

Enterprises Survey

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

2008 2010 2011 2012 2008 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 298 222 212 214 315 314 384 397

BE 0 0 0 0BG 23 23 25 24 9 7 9 7CZ 10 11 5 5DK 0 0 0 0 10 9 8 15DE 7 6 5 4 4 4EE 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2IEEL 4ES 110 48 43 32 4 4 5 6FR 10 6 0 0 61 32 57 57HR 0 1 1 0 7 4 6 4IT 5 3 8CY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0LV 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1LT 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4LU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HU 12 9 13 15 10 13 10 11MT 0 0 0 0 0 0NL 0 0 0 0 45 48 43 33AT 0 0 0 0 2 2 2PL 44 48 53 59 28 54 64 53PT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0RO 38 35 31 37 10 21 26 30SI 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1SK 0FI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0SEUK 22 23 21 105 98 127 151

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Number of Enterprises*

Enterprises Survey

Extraction of Peat (B08.92)

Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

2008 2010 2011 2012 2008 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 1011 936 955 862 830 896 906 935

BE 0 0 0 23BG 10 10 4 6 10 12CZ 7 5DK 7 4 3 47 35 40 49DE 90 74 103EE 38 39 40 0 0 0 0IE 8 0EL 0ES 6 6 4 24 34FR 23 27 36 35 39HR 2 0 0 8 7 8 8IT 0 12 7CY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0LV 54 49 49 0 0 0 1LT 20 24 27 0 0 0 0LU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HU 15 13 29 40 34 36MT 0 0NL 8 7 7 103 116 115 139AT 7 7 8 6 8 5 5PL 49 45 42 52 90 101 102PT 0 0 0 1 1 1 0RO 10 8 7 93 91 93 92SI 0 0 0 3 3 3 3SKFI 519 463 463 0 0 0 0SE 87 82 79 39 45 47 49UK 24 25 23 267 270 264 250

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Enterprises in the Sector

140 141PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.1. Number of Enterprises

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.1. Number of Enterprises

Number of Enterprises*

Enterprises Survey

Manufacture of co*ke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2008 2010 2011 2012 2008 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 1274 1168 1114 1153 33758 52106 63200 66750

BE 22 22 26 301 429 532BG 21 17 12 14 583 1091 1395 1703CZ 22 30 40 1264 5192 5942DK 4 5 6 7 1692 1681 1817 1873DE 86 95 77 78 1589 1722 1777 1777EE 9 5 5 5 181 223 220 231IE 236 191EL 7 7 32 5 10 10 10ES 13 18 15 20 12004 13098 15024 13746FR 88 52 67 3866 14337 16776 18271HR 19 17 16 18 133 234 331 388IT 353 328 327 2472 4028 6547CY 1 4 8 11LV 3 13 7 10 279 381 383 438LT 5 6 7 6 213 253 294 391LU 0 0 0 0 60 68 68 69HU 10 9 11 14 542 611 662 668MTNL 37 42 36 35 558 678 702 765AT 5 4 4 4 1512 1878 1961 2132PL 158 165 146 146 1788 2047 2503 2730PT 5 8 10 12 665 730 801 794RO 33 54 40 38 506 885 924 1046SI 5 3 4 5 417 648 882 1305SK 203 294 257 359FI 13 15 14 17 722 736 764 786SE 44 45 40 40 1528 1828 2013 2167UK 245 170 162 148 478 651 1220 1829

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat, SBS, NACE rev.2, sbs_na_ind_r2, June 2013 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Number of Enterprises*

Enterprises Survey – EU-28

2010 2011 2012

B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 222 212 214B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum

and Natural Gas 314 384 397

B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium OresB08.92: Extraction of Peat 936 955 862B09.10: Support Activities for Petroleum

and Natural Gas Extraction 896 906 935

C19: Manufacture of co*ke and Refined Petroleum Products 1168 1114 1153

D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 52106 63200 66750

D35.1 Electricity 45888 56429 6009735.11: Production of Electricity 41219 50688 5398235.12: Transmission of Electricity 198 244 26035.13: Distribution of Electricity 2100 2583 275135.14: Trade of Electricity 2370 2914 3103

D35.2 Gas 1621 1817 180735.21: Manufacture of Gas 221 248 24735.22: Distribution of Gaseous

Fuels through Mains 723 810 805

35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains 674 755 751D35.3 Steam and Air Conditioning 4597 4900 4847

35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 4597 4900 4847

Broad Sector – Total 55642 66771 70311

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

142 143PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.2. Turnover

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.2. Turnover

Turnover*

Enterprises Survey

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

Mio € 2008 2010 2011 2012 2008 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 16675 15274 16365 15314 176436 146789 172311 173009

BE 0 0 0 0BG 327 331 402 348 41 26 98 104CZ 2909 2464DK 0 0 0 0 9240 7050 8048 7803DE 4016 3921 3209 3829 2762 3142EE 0 0 0 0IEEL 82ES 858 596 885 580 78 80 84 108FR 48 0 0 851 728 892HR 0 0IT 48042 46241 60229 60229CY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0LV 0 0 0 0LT 0 0 0 0 91 69 95 95LU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HU 53 7 9 11 89 81 106 108MT 0 0 0 0NL 0 0 0 37829 34862 38818 43256AT 0 0 0 0PL 7212 5974 6858 6785PT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0RO 485 358 412 236 5473 4191 4947 5302SISK 0FI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0SEUK 1025 1112 1340 65154 44980 50215 46251

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Turnover*

Enterprises Survey

Extraction of Peat (B08.92)

Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

Mio € 2008 2010 2011 2012 2008 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 1651 1837 1848 1941 13587 14662 13604 14721

BE 0 0 0 18BG 1 2 2 0CZDK 359DE 349 418 387EE 72 77 93 0 0 0 0IE 241 0EL 0ES 12 11 10 60 123FR 74 91 302 269 491HR 0 0 187IT 0 12 9 393CY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0LV 101 105 0 0 0 0LT 33 40 47 0 0 0 0LU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HU 3 3 146 95 127 133MT 0 0NLAT 11 14 11 17PL 39 46 214 378 367 330PT 0 0 0 0RO 1 0 1 973 874 601 614SI 0 0 0SKFI 460 554 549 0 0 0 0SE 38 31 34 202UK 123 7537 8375 7587 8479

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

144 145PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.2. Turnover

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.2. Turnover

Turnover*

Enterprises Survey

Manufacture of co*ke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

Mio € 2008 2010 2011 2012 2008 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 547992 524277 608649 626196 1149804 1352489 1439488 1138394

BE 48074 59830 68008 43772 44294 40872BG 7313 7279 8107 8447CZ 5022 5120 5494 30927 43622 47544DK 20410 20378 22259 20095DE 134361 120832 138080 103234 357896 426882 482458 508354EE 180 178 247 291 1542 1834 1876 2069IE 6706 7279EL 17297 15340 18505 5977 5943 5883 5800ES 44349 34773 48482 58640 74339 59706 90549 99458FR 69128 61248 70367 106501 109649 110616 120098HR 39 3148 3684 3750 4114IT 48948 46038 52029 54340 156802 160950 174304 188150CY 738 782 899 1042LV 1 1 1 2391 2311 2554 2785LT 2690 3279 3268 3389LU 0 0 0 0 2387 1951 2659 3315HU 9384 8298 9316 9279 26853 22059 20870 20147MTNL 37272 49060 51079 38660 41197 41610 41822AT 10855 27554 29297 33013 37881PL 28313 27575 35745 37847 44091 42567 44740 48158PT 8254 9374 16855 16166 17585 18245RO 4113 3272 4380 4728 13181 12078 13449 13386SI 15 4 3580 4034 5293 6592SK 11021 11351 12587 14002FI 12169 12012 14455 14044 13349SE 1526 24824 28486 28872 30722UK 49837 44764 50054 70769 107876 109515 116051 132375

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Turnover*

Enterprises Survey – EU-28

Mio € 2010 2011 2012

B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 15274 16365 15314B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum

and Natural Gas 146789 172311 173009

B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium OresB08.92: Extraction of Peat 1837 1848 1941B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum

and Natural Gas Extraction 14662 13604 14721

C19: Manufacture of co*ke and Refined Petroleum Products 524277 608649 626196

D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 1225634 1352489 1439488

D35.1 Electricity 924929 1066428 109962935.11: Production of Electricity 278883 321547 33155835.12: Transmission of Electricity 44642 51472 5307435.13: Distribution of Electricity 192173 221572 22847035.14: Trade of Electricity 409232 471838 486527

D35.2 Gas 266405 250655 30260935.21: Manufacture of Gas 6432 6052 730635.22: Distribution of Gaseous

Fuels through Mains 75704 71228 85992

35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains 184188 173299 209219D35.3 Steam and Air Conditioning 34299 36000 37250

35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 34299 36000 37250

Broad Sector – Total 1928472 2165266 2270670

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

146 147PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.3. Number of Persons Declared as Employed

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.3. Number of Persons Declared as Employed

Number of Persons Declared as Employed*

Enterprises Survey

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

2008 2010 2011 2012 2008 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 253883 231167 222400 215227 88205 81574 78600 79266

BE 0 0 0 0BG 13905 13269 13301 12944CZ 22974 22482DK 0 0 0 0 444 566 852 883DE 38415 33672 28882 3544 3754 3750EE 0 0 0 0IEEL 159ES 7311 6105 5439 4755 215 242 280 326FR 28 0 814 964HR 0 0IT 13047 12116 13347 13347CY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0LV 18 0 0 0 0 1 13 16LT 0 0 0 0 351 252 261 279LU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HU 121 111 119 205 36 75 83 84MT 0 0 0 0NL 0 0 0 3076 3173 3234AT 0 0 0 0PL 138338 124925 122061 121918PT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0RO 20804 18011 17071 11488 38538 30546 28056 26549SI 1 1SK 0FI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0SEUK 5944 6023 6504 13405 15300 13025 15099

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Number of Persons Declared as Employed*

Enterprises Survey

Extraction of Peat (B08.92)

Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

2008 2010 2011 2012 2008 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 12537 12080 12100 12343 47333 50570 51200 51660

BE 0 0 0 60BG 52 111 14CZ 466 547DK 1716DE 1912 2003 1942EE 1276 1153 1105 0 0 0 0IE 1511 0EL 0ES 57 48 39 224 184FR 248 283 110 156HR 0 0 3031IT 0 12 19 1368CY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0LV 1970 1977 1972 0 0 0 4LT 1229 1126 1134 0 0 0 0LU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HU 116 113 1275 1089 1213 1269MT 0 0NL 36 22 15 2270AT 19 27 23 21PL 711 639 2181 4082 3885 4513PT 0 0 0 0RO 41 26 39 9882 6267 6938 6641SI 0 0 0SKFI 1735 1845 1864 0 0 0 0SE 358 306 311 53UK 634 355 383 18489 22879

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

148 149PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.3. Number of Persons Declared as Employed

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.3. Enterprises in the Sector

3.3.3. Number of Persons Declared as Employed

Number of Persons Declared as Employed*

Enterprises Survey

Manufacture of co*ke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2008 2010 2011 2012 2008 2010 2011 2012

EU-28 135372 128671 125800 125628 1243616 1235936 1230000 1212344

BE 4091 4060 4332 19193 18415 18552BG 36197 34191 33052 33238CZ 2926 2400 2236 32652 32111 32817DK 13206 11235 11124 10070DE 19611 19452 18701 19245 221450 221264 223915 220631EE 1330 1406 1483 1585 6290 5681 5671 5444IE 9206 9411EL 4557 4333 3370 23955 22834 21803 21614ES 8823 8954 9280 9200 47622 48687 52749 48968FR 15095 170194 172292HR 415 16849 16619 16521 16494IT 16383 16493 15564 15414 84224 86414 85291 85428CY 1427 1503 1496 1463LV 9 12 26 36 12185 10907 10667 10884LT 18303 15876 13305 12828LU 0 0 0 0 1094 1198 1265 1328HU 6538 6329 6450 6455 27387 25715 25658 25240MTNL 6652 5908 5661 5586 23869 22882 24026 26458AT 1205 28218 28685 28763 28857PL 16606 13623 13724 13502 153286 162409 156750 147914PT 1887 1831 10151 9386 9236 9101RO 5017 3960 3406 2985 89511 81111 79628 79658SI 93 38 7828 8207 8435 8699SK 21641 20034 18791 18365FI 2654 13430 13463 13472 13660SE 2748 31151 31115 31169 30893UK 9998 9254 9756 121447 123965 123482 120535

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

Number of Persons Declared as Employed*

Enterprises Survey – EU-28

2010 2011 2012

B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 231167 222400 215227B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum

and Natural Gas 81574 78600 79266

B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium OresB08.92: Extraction of Peat 12080 12100 12343B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum

and Natural Gas Extraction 50570 51200 51660

C19: Manufacture of co*ke and Refined Petroleum Products 128671 125800 125628

D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 1235936 1230000 1212344

D35.1 Electricity 914151 916300 91005735.11: Production of Electricity 436673 437700 43471835.12: Transmission of Electricity 49583 49700 4936135.13: Distribution of Electricity 325734 326500 32427535.14: Trade of Electricity 102160 102400 101702

D35.2 Gas 158245 158800 15841035.21: Manufacture of Gas 8969 9000 897835.22: Distribution of Gaseous

Fuels through Mains 104234 104600 104343

35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains 45042 45200 45089D35.3 Steam and Air Conditioning 157238 154900 152253

35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 157238 154900 152253

Broad Sector – Employment Reported 1739998 1720100 1696468

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS) Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

150 151

GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices

Thousand EUR/cap* 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013

EU-27 14.61 18.96 22.43 24.44 25.13 25.54 25.71

BE 21.46 24.65 28.97 32.69 33.64 34.00 34.31BG 1.19 1.72 3.01 4.79 5.24 5.47 5.49CZ 4.28 6.21 10.22 14.26 14.81 14.55 14.22DK 26.60 32.52 38.27 42.61 43.18 43.87 44.39DE 23.63 24.91 26.97 30.52 31.91 32.55 33.35EE 2.00 4.49 8.30 10.72 12.10 13.00 13.76IE 14.42 27.77 39.16 34.67 35.52 35.72 35.65EL 9.38 12.52 17.40 19.92 18.75 17.43 16.41ES 11.58 15.64 20.95 22.69 22.68 22.30 22.21FR 20.25 23.71 27.29 29.90 30.74 31.06 31.33HR 3.65 5.22 8.11 10.05 10.17 10.23 10.16IT 15.23 21.04 24.51 25.66 26.02 25.73 25.55CY 10.77 14.34 18.41 20.99 21.01 20.51 19.03LV 1.53 3.56 5.77 8.60 9.82 10.94 11.60LT 1.42 3.56 6.31 8.95 10.22 11.02 11.70LU 38.61 50.34 65.00 77.44 80.34 80.75 83.42HU 3.37 4.93 8.80 9.62 9.92 9.77 9.91MT 7.52 11.23 12.21 15.56 16.08 16.40 17.01NL 20.73 26.25 31.47 35.32 35.89 35.78 35.87AT 22.96 26.02 29.82 34.11 35.67 36.43 36.98PL 2.78 4.85 6.40 9.21 9.62 9.90 10.12PT 8.95 12.45 14.62 16.25 16.11 15.61 15.81RO 1.27 1.81 3.74 6.14 6.53 6.55 7.10SI 8.06 10.82 14.36 17.32 17.61 17.17 17.13SK 2.79 4.08 7.14 12.14 12.78 13.15 13.33FI 19.59 25.54 30.01 33.32 35.03 35.53 35.57SE 21.97 30.24 33.04 37.31 40.79 42.84 43.76UK 15.56 27.50 31.00 27.81 28.23 30.17 29.64

* 1 000 € per Capita Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

GDP at Current Market Prices

Mrd EUR* 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013

EU-28 7 061.1 9 242.4 11 128.7 12 337.1 12 711.2 12 959.9 13 067.7

BE 217.6 252.5 303.4 355.7 369.3 375.9 381.4BG 10.0 14.0 23.3 36.1 38.5 39.9 39.9CZ 44.2 63.8 104.6 149.9 155.5 152.9 149.5DK 139.1 173.6 207.4 236.3 240.5 245.3 249.1DE 1 929.5 2 047.5 2 224.4 2 495.0 2 609.9 2 666.4 2 737.6EE 2.9 6.2 11.2 14.4 16.2 17.4 18.4IE 51.9 105.6 162.9 158.1 162.6 163.9 164.1EL 99.8 136.7 193.0 222.2 208.5 193.3 182.1ES 456.2 629.9 909.3 1 045.6 1 046.3 1 029.3 1 023.0FR 1 202.5 1 439.6 1 718.0 1 936.7 2 001.4 2 032.3 2 059.9HR 16.9 23.3 36.0 44.4 44.2 43.7 43.3IT 865.5 1 198.3 1 436.4 1 551.9 1 579.9 1 566.9 1 560.0CY 7.0 9.9 13.6 17.4 17.9 17.7 16.5LV 3.8 8.4 12.9 18.0 20.2 22.3 23.4LT 5.1 12.4 21.0 27.7 31.0 32.9 34.6LU 15.8 22.0 30.3 39.3 41.7 42.9 45.5HU 34.8 50.3 88.8 96.2 98.9 97.0 98.1MT 2.8 4.4 4.9 6.4 6.7 6.9 7.2NL 320.5 418.0 513.4 586.8 599.0 599.3 602.7AT 182.5 208.5 245.2 285.2 299.2 307.0 313.2PL 106.4 185.7 244.4 354.6 370.8 381.5 389.7PT 89.8 127.3 154.3 172.9 171.1 165.1 165.7RO 28.7 40.7 79.8 124.3 131.5 131.6 142.2SI 16.0 21.5 28.7 35.5 36.1 35.3 35.3SK 15.0 22.0 38.5 65.9 69.0 71.1 72.1FI 100.1 132.2 157.4 178.7 188.7 192.4 193.4SE 193.9 268.3 298.4 349.9 385.4 407.8 420.1UK 902.8 1 619.6 1 867.1 1 731.8 1 770.9 1 921.9 1 899.8

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = 1 000 Million € Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.4. Economy3.4.1. GDP at Current Market Prices

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.4. Economy

3.4.2. GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices

Economy

152 153

GDP per Capita at 2005 Market Prices

Thousand EUR/cap* 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013

EU-28 18.10 20.76 22.43 22.99 23.32 23.16 23.14

BE 24.02 27.36 28.97 29.58 29.84 29.60 29.50BG 2.10 2.18 3.01 3.53 3.68 3.73 3.78CZ 7.57 8.34 10.22 11.36 11.59 11.45 11.34DK 32.36 36.50 38.27 37.27 37.51 37.23 37.24DE 24.11 26.27 26.97 29.06 30.02 30.17 30.24EE 3.95 5.77 8.30 8.34 9.14 9.50 9.58IE 21.83 33.74 39.16 35.85 36.49 36.45 36.23EL 12.57 14.51 17.40 17.37 16.18 15.09 14.51ES 16.08 19.23 20.95 20.58 20.57 20.21 20.01FR 23.37 26.13 27.29 27.36 27.78 27.64 27.57HR 5.31 6.48 8.11 8.34 8.47 8.46 8.38IT 21.89 24.02 24.51 23.45 23.46 22.84 22.36CY 14.81 16.72 18.41 18.48 18.09 17.39 16.39LV 2.69 3.68 5.77 5.94 6.37 6.79 7.14LT 3.16 4.12 6.31 7.13 7.74 8.13 8.48LU 46.06 58.12 65.00 64.48 64.20 62.63 62.36HU 6.06 7.09 8.80 8.78 8.94 8.84 8.96MT 9.81 11.87 12.21 13.35 13.50 13.48 13.70NL 25.51 30.20 31.47 33.06 33.22 32.69 32.32AT 24.31 28.17 29.82 31.31 32.09 32.23 32.19PL 4.22 5.49 6.40 7.99 8.35 8.51 8.65PT 11.99 14.48 14.62 14.90 14.74 14.32 14.26RO 2.72 2.69 3.74 4.48 4.61 4.65 4.82SI 9.78 12.09 14.36 15.30 15.38 14.96 14.77SK 4.78 5.61 7.14 8.91 9.23 9.38 9.46FI 21.41 26.71 30.01 30.61 31.33 30.86 30.30SE 24.90 29.45 33.04 34.48 35.22 35.29 35.52UK 23.14 27.40 31.00 30.49 30.60 30.21 30.53

* 1 000 € ‘2005 per Capita Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

GDP at 2005 Market Prices

Mrd EUR* 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013

EU-27 8 746.3 10 119.6 11 128.7 11 604.2 11 795.3 11 752.2 11 763.2

BE 243.5 280.3 303.4 321.9 327.6 327.2 328.0BG 17.6 17.8 23.3 26.6 27.1 27.2 27.5CZ 78.2 85.6 104.6 119.4 121.6 120.4 119.2DK 169.2 194.8 207.4 206.7 208.9 208.1 209.0DE 1 969.0 2 159.2 2 224.4 2 375.7 2 454.8 2 471.8 2 482.4EE 5.7 7.9 11.2 11.2 12.2 12.7 12.8IE 78.6 128.4 162.9 163.5 167.0 167.3 166.7EL 133.7 158.4 193.0 193.8 180.0 167.4 161.0ES 633.3 774.5 909.3 948.2 948.7 933.1 921.7FR 1 387.6 1 586.6 1 718.0 1 772.6 1 808.6 1 808.8 1 812.7HR 24.5 29.0 36.0 36.9 36.8 36.1 35.7IT 1 244.5 1 367.8 1 436.4 1 418.4 1 424.8 1 391.0 1 365.2CY 9.6 11.6 13.6 15.3 15.4 15.0 14.2LV 6.7 8.7 12.9 12.5 13.1 13.8 14.4LT 11.5 14.4 21.0 22.1 23.4 24.3 25.1LU 18.9 25.4 30.3 32.7 33.3 33.3 34.0HU 62.6 72.4 88.8 87.8 89.1 87.7 88.6MT 3.7 4.6 4.9 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8NL 394.3 480.8 513.4 549.3 554.5 547.5 543.0AT 193.2 225.7 245.2 261.8 269.2 271.5 272.6PL 161.3 210.0 244.4 307.7 321.6 328.0 333.1PT 120.3 148.0 154.3 158.5 156.6 151.5 149.4RO 61.6 60.4 79.8 90.7 92.8 93.4 96.7SI 19.4 24.1 28.7 31.3 31.6 30.8 30.4SK 25.6 30.3 38.5 48.4 49.8 50.7 51.2FI 109.4 138.3 157.4 164.2 168.8 167.1 164.8SE 219.8 261.3 298.4 323.3 332.8 335.9 341.1UK 1 342.7 1 613.3 1 867.1 1 898.2 1 919.5 1 924.8 1 956.8

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = 1 000 Million € Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.4. Economy

3.4.3. GDP at 2005 Market Prices

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.4. Economy

3.4.4. GDP per Capita at 2005 Market Prices

154

PART 4

in the EU

Environment Indicators

Population

On 1st January

Thousand Inhab 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012* 2013*

EU-28 483265 487484 496049 504846 505773 507417 508367

BE 10137 10246 10474 10883 10978 11054 11116BG 8406 8170 7719 7534 7348 7306 7271CZ 10331 10273 10234 10517 10497 10509 10513DK 5230 5338 5419 5546 5569 5590 5612DE 81661 82188 82464 81757 81779 81917 82098EE 1448 1372 1348 1340 1340 1340 1340IE 3601 3804 4160 4560 4577 4590 4602EL 10634 10917 11093 11153 11123 11093 11093ES 39388 40264 43398 46073 46125 46163 46062FR 59384 60725 62958 64781 65115 65433 65741HR 4620 4468 4443 4419 4344 4269 4263IT 56844 56942 58607 60483 60724 60905 61049CY 651 694 739 829 851 864 867LV 2485 2368 2239 2097 2059 2034 2014LT 3629 3500 3323 3097 3028 2988 2958LU 410 437 466 508 519 532 545HU 10329 10211 10087 10000 9972 9920 9894MT 378 390 404 414 416 420 423NL 15460 15922 16317 16612 16693 16752 16800AT 7948 8012 8225 8361 8389 8426 8469PL 38275 38259 38165 38514 38534 38536 38514PT 10030 10226 10549 10637 10622 10579 10481RO 22673 22435 21320 20247 20148 20096 20046SI 1989 1989 2001 2049 2053 2057 2059SK 5363 5401 5387 5430 5398 5406 5413FI 5108 5176 5246 5363 5388 5414 5439SE 8827 8872 9030 9379 9450 9520 9601UK 58025 58886 60235 62262 62735 63705 64087

* Preliminary Data Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU3.5. Demography3.5.1. Population

Demography

157PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU

Summary

4.1. Gases Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

4.1.1. GHGs Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

EU-28 and MS – Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

EU-28 and MS – Fuel Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

EU-28 and MS – Other Than Fuel Combustion . . . . . . . . . 160

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

EU-28 and MS – Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

EU-28 and MS – Fuel Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

EU-28 and MS – Other Than Fuel Combustion . . . . . . . . . 165

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

4.2. Main Emissions Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

4.2.1. CO2 per Capita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

4.2.2. Carbon GDP Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

158 159PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.1. Gases Emissions4.1.1. GHGs Emissions

GHGs Emissions

EU-28 and MS – Total

Million ton CO2 equiv. 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

EU-28 5451 5372 5477 5039 4824Index 1995 100 % 99 % 100 % 92 % 89 %

BE 166.2 166.6 170.6 159.4 140.2BG 77.7 59.9 64.6 61.1 61.8CZ 152.4 147.0 147.0 138.0 132.4DK 83.1 75.0 69.1 66.0 55.7DE 1139.5 1067.1 1025.8 980.1 972.9EE 20.4 17.6 18.9 20.7 19.8IE 60.4 70.5 72.5 64.7 60.7EL 124.1 140.9 147.1 128.9 121.0ES 339.5 409.4 468.8 386.9 381.3FR 571.0 584.5 583.4 540.5 514.5HR 23.8 26.9 31.0 29.2 26.7IT 540.1 563.6 590.4 515.9 475.2CY 8.5 10.3 11.7 11.4 10.7LV 13.1 10.1 12.1 13.2 12.1LT 22.6 20.0 23.9 21.7 22.2LU 10.7 10.7 14.4 13.5 13.0HU 79.0 77.2 79.2 68.3 62.5MT 3.3 4.1 7.1 6.7 7.2NL 266.3 265.6 274.6 262.8 245.4AT 81.1 82.1 94.6 86.9 82.2PL 442.3 397.8 400.8 409.7 401.4PT 74.1 87.8 91.5 74.9 73.6RO 175.9 134.5 141.7 116.3 119.2SI 18.6 19.0 20.5 19.6 19.2SK 53.3 49.0 50.4 45.5 42.8FI 72.7 72.3 71.6 76.7 63.2SE 79.2 75.4 75.6 74.0 65.7UK 751.8 727.4 718.0 646.6 622.0

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

Gases Emissions

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.1. GHGs Emissions

GHGs Emissions

EU-28 and MS – Fuel Combustion

2012

Million ton CO2 equiv. Fu

el

Com

bust

ion

Ener

gy

Indu

strie

s

Man

ufac

turin

g In

dust

ries a

nd

Cons

truc

tion

Tran

spor

t

Com

mer

cial

/In

stitu

tiona

l

Resi

dent

ial

Agric

ultu

re/

Fore

stry

/ Fi

sher

ies

Oth

er

Com

bust

ion

and

Fugi

tive

Emis

sion

s

EU-28 3604 1409 533 893 176 425 78 90Share (%) 74.7 % 29.2 % 11.0 % 18.5 % 3.6 % 8.8 % 1.6 % 1.9 %

BE 94.4 22.9 21.0 24.9 5.9 17.0 2.2 0.5BG 47.2 31.6 3.3 8.4 0.3 1.4 0.5 1.6CZ 107.1 57.4 16.6 16.9 3.3 7.5 0.2 5.2DK 39.0 16.8 4.3 12.2 0.8 2.3 2.1 0.4DE 786.0 364.8 115.1 155.5 38.2 94.5 6.4 11.6EE 16.9 13.1 0.8 2.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.1IE 37.1 12.8 4.3 10.9 2.1 6.2 0.8 0.0EL 87.2 54.7 5.5 16.1 1.3 7.1 1.0 1.5ES 265.5 91.9 46.4 80.7 13.5 17.6 11.0 4.4FR 351.4 52.7 63.5 132.5 29.1 57.5 11.4 4.6HR 18.9 5.6 2.8 5.7 0.5 1.8 0.7 1.7IT 379.9 126.3 54.9 106.1 28.2 49.3 7.5 7.6CY 6.6 3.6 0.4 2.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0LV 7.2 1.9 1.0 2.8 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.1LT 11.9 4.4 1.3 4.5 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.3LU 10.5 1.0 1.3 6.5 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.0HU 45.5 16.5 4.0 10.8 3.4 7.6 0.9 2.2MT 2.8 2.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0NL 161.9 60.3 25.9 34.0 11.2 18.3 10.1 2.2AT 59.7 12.4 15.6 21.6 1.4 7.2 0.9 0.5PL 319.7 169.6 30.9 46.8 9.2 36.1 11.0 16.0PT 47.9 17.4 7.5 17.0 1.1 2.3 1.1 1.4RO 82.2 32.5 15.4 15.1 2.0 7.6 1.2 8.5SI 15.5 6.0 1.6 5.8 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.3SK 29.3 9.5 7.2 6.6 0.7 3.1 0.1 2.1FI 47.8 20.7 8.4 12.7 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.8SE 42.1 10.3 8.5 19.1 0.5 1.1 1.6 1.1UK 482.5 190.2 65.5 114.8 20.1 73.6 4.7 13.6

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

160 161PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.1. GHGs Emissions

GHGs Emissions

EU-28 and MS – Other Than Fuel Combustion

2012

Million ton CO2 equiv. Indu

stria

l Pr

oces

ses

and

Solv

ent U

se

Agric

ultu

re

Was

te

and

Oth

er

Inte

rnat

iona

l Av

iatio

n

Inte

rnat

iona

l M

ariti

me

Tran

spor

t

EU-28 331 469 141 135 146Share (%) 6.9 % 9.7 % 2.9 % 2.8 % 3.0 %

BE 11.4 9.3 1.5 4.1 19.6BG 3.9 6.3 3.6 0.5 0.2CZ 12.6 8.1 3.8 1.0DK 1.9 9.6 1.1 2.5 1.5DE 70.0 69.5 13.6 25.6 8.2EE 0.7 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.5IE 2.5 18.0 1.0 1.8 0.4EL 9.9 9.1 4.7 2.5 7.4ES 24.7 37.7 12.9 13.6 26.9FR 36.8 89.3 12.6 16.3 8.0HR 3.0 3.4 1.1 0.3IT 29.7 34.3 16.2 9.4 5.7CY 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6LV 0.7 2.4 0.6 0.4 0.8LT 3.7 5.1 1.0 0.2 0.4LU 0.6 0.7 0.1 1.1 0.0HU 4.6 8.7 3.2 0.5MT 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 3.7NL 10.1 15.9 3.7 10.2 43.6AT 11.2 7.5 1.7 2.1 0.1PL 27.7 36.7 15.2 1.7 0.5PT 5.4 7.2 8.2 2.7 2.1RO 12.5 18.2 5.8 0.4 0.0SI 1.1 1.9 0.5 0.1 0.2SK 8.2 3.1 2.2 0.1 0.0FI 5.4 5.7 2.1 1.9 0.4SE 6.2 7.6 1.6 2.2 5.9UK 24.9 51.8 21.6 32.3 8.8

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.1. GHGs Emissions

GHGs Emissions

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion

Million ton CO2 equiv. G

HG

s Em

issi

ons

Fuel

Co

mbu

stio

n

Ener

gy

Indu

strie

s

Man

ufac

turin

g In

dust

ries a

nd

Cons

truc

tion

Tran

spor

t

Com

mer

cial

/In

stitu

tiona

l

Resi

dent

ial

Agric

ultu

re/

Fore

stry

/ Fi

sher

ies

1990 5806 4325 1676 861 783 201 523 971995 5451 4058 1519 767 838 183 508 921996 5570 4166 1549 756 864 200 556 951997 5484 4066 1502 746 877 185 522 921998 5457 4057 1520 717 905 184 511 891999 5349 3994 1477 697 924 183 498 892000 5372 4004 1508 707 918 177 483 872001 5427 4080 1548 683 932 194 518 872002 5388 4050 1566 665 943 183 491 852003 5481 4136 1617 675 953 184 505 862004 5500 4130 1603 673 973 188 497 862005 5477 4103 1595 663 971 185 495 862006 5487 4107 1609 658 979 191 483 832007 5440 4044 1617 659 989 170 429 802008 5327 3961 1538 633 967 182 462 812009 4936 3678 1414 528 941 178 445 792010 5039 3783 1436 568 936 189 483 812011 4900 3642 1413 553 926 171 408 802012 4824 3604 1409 533 893 176 425 78

GHGs Emissions – EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2 equiv.)

6,896 mm ou 3,404 mm-1,167 mm ou -3,275 mm81 mm ou 84,535,386 mm ou 43 ou 150,7 mm

GHGs Emissions

Energy Industries

Transport

Fuel Combustion

Commercial/Institutional

Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries Residential

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

7 000

6 000

5 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

4 000

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

162 163PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.1. GHGs Emissions

GHGs Emissions

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion

Million ton CO2 equiv. Indu

stria

l Pr

oces

ses a

ndSo

lven

t Use

Agric

ultu

re

Was

te

and

Oth

er

Inte

rnat

iona

l Av

iatio

n

Inte

rnat

iona

l M

ariti

me

Tran

spor

t

1990 479 617 206 70 1101995 455 533 207 87 1111996 454 535 205 91 1181997 460 534 201 95 1281998 434 532 199 102 1331999 396 528 192 110 1272000 407 521 190 116 1342001 394 512 186 115 1402002 390 507 185 112 1442003 402 499 179 117 1482004 417 500 171 125 1572005 416 493 166 132 1662006 413 490 164 138 1762007 424 490 160 142 1792008 400 489 156 143 1772009 335 478 152 133 1602010 345 475 147 132 1562011 342 475 144 136 1612012 331 469 141 135 146

GHGs Emissions – EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2 equiv.)

6,896 mm ou 3,404 mm-1,167 mm ou -3,275 mm81 mm ou 84,535,386 mm ou 43 ou 150,7 mm

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

International Maritime Transport

International Aviation

Agriculture

Waste and Other

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

700

600

500

300

200

100

400

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions

CO2 Emissions

EU-28 and MS – Total

Million ton CO2 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

EU-28 4365 4384 4559 4194 3995Index 1995 100 % 100 % 104 % 96 % 92 %

BE 140.2 145.8 152.8 142.2 124.3BG 59.8 46.0 51.2 48.5 49.1CZ 129.5 126.7 127.2 118.1 112.2DK 67.8 60.3 56.2 53.4 43.4DE 952.6 918.0 892.8 862.8 855.2EE 18.3 15.5 16.9 18.6 17.7IE 36.8 47.0 50.5 44.0 40.2EL 100.3 116.5 124.4 107.6 100.3ES 280.1 337.1 402.5 319.7 316.8FR 413.1 435.4 446.0 409.9 387.4HR 17.5 20.3 23.8 21.6 19.5IT 454.7 474.5 504.1 441.4 401.6CY 6.8 8.5 9.7 9.2 8.5LV 9.6 7.1 8.7 9.7 8.6LT 15.6 12.2 14.6 14.3 14.8LU 9.8 9.7 13.4 12.5 12.0HU 61.9 58.7 60.7 52.3 46.6MT 3.0 3.9 6.7 6.3 6.8NL 213.7 222.4 240.9 234.7 218.8AT 65.3 67.7 81.4 74.5 69.9PL 362.2 320.5 320.3 331.8 323.0PT 57.1 69.4 73.0 56.7 55.1RO 126.9 93.3 99.7 80.4 84.3SI 15.1 15.3 16.8 16.3 15.9SK 44.7 41.1 42.0 37.6 35.3FI 59.9 59.9 59.4 65.8 53.0SE 63.9 60.8 61.8 61.1 53.6UK 579.1 590.6 601.0 542.6 521.2

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

164 165PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions

CO2 Emissions

EU-28 and MS – Fuel Combustion

2012

Million ton CO2 Fu

el

Com

bust

ion

Ener

gy

Indu

strie

s

Man

ufac

turin

g In

dust

ries a

nd

Cons

truc

tion

Tran

spor

t

Com

mer

cial

/In

stitu

tiona

l

Resi

dent

ial

Agric

ultu

re/

Fore

stry

/ Fi

sher

ies

Oth

er

Com

bust

ion

and

Fugi

tive

Emis

sion

s

EU-28 3495 1396 526 882 174 410 74 32Share (%) 87.5 % 34.9 % 13.2 % 22.1 % 4.4 % 10.3 % 1.9 % 0.8 %

BE 92.9 22.7 20.7 24.7 5.9 16.7 2.1 0.1BG 45.0 31.4 3.3 8.3 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.0CZ 101.6 57.1 16.5 16.2 3.3 6.9 0.2 1.4DK 38.2 16.5 4.2 12.1 0.8 2.1 2.1 0.3DE 768.0 360.1 114.1 153.9 38.0 93.3 6.2 2.4EE 16.6 13.0 0.8 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0IE 36.5 12.6 4.3 10.8 2.1 6.0 0.7EL 85.0 54.5 5.5 15.8 1.3 6.9 0.9 0.0ES 260.5 91.1 45.5 79.8 13.2 16.7 10.9 3.3FR 344.3 52.1 62.6 130.9 28.7 55.4 11.3 3.4HR 17.5 5.6 2.8 5.6 0.5 1.7 0.7 0.5IT 368.5 125.6 53.7 104.8 27.7 47.3 6.8 2.5CY 6.5 3.5 0.4 2.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0LV 6.8 1.9 0.9 2.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.0LT 11.3 4.4 1.3 4.5 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.0LU 10.3 1.0 1.3 6.4 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.0HU 42.9 16.5 4.0 10.7 3.3 7.3 0.9 0.2MT 2.8 2.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0NL 159.0 59.9 25.8 33.7 11.1 17.9 9.2 1.4AT 58.5 12.3 15.4 21.4 1.4 6.9 0.8 0.3PL 302.1 168.6 30.6 46.1 9.1 33.5 10.4 3.7PT 46.7 17.3 7.4 16.8 1.1 2.0 1.0 1.0RO 73.4 32.4 15.3 14.9 2.0 6.5 1.2 1.2SI 14.9 6.0 1.6 5.7 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.1SK 28.0 9.4 7.2 6.5 0.7 3.1 0.1 1.0FI 46.5 20.4 8.2 12.5 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.5SE 40.6 9.7 8.2 18.9 0.5 0.8 1.5 1.0UK 470.1 188.3 64.5 113.8 20.1 73.0 4.2 6.3

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions

CO2 Emissions

EU-28 and MS – Other Than Fuel Combustion

2012

Million ton CO2 Indu

stria

l Pr

oces

ses a

ndSo

lven

t Use

Was

te

and

Oth

er

Inte

rnat

iona

l Av

iatio

n

Inte

rnat

iona

l M

ariti

me

Tran

spor

t

EU-28 219 3 133 145Share (%) 5.5 % 0.1 % 3.3 % 3.6 %

BE 7.2 0.5 4.0 19.6BG 3.3 0.0 0.5 0.2CZ 9.5 0.2 0.9DK 1.2 0.0 2.5 1.5DE 53.7 25.3 8.2EE 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.5IE 1.5 0.0 1.7 0.4EL 5.5 0.0 2.5 7.3ES 16.1 0.0 13.5 26.6FR 17.7 1.2 16.2 8.0HR 1.8 0.0 0.3IT 18.0 0.2 9.3 5.6CY 0.6 0.8 0.6LV 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.8LT 2.9 0.0 0.2 0.4LU 0.5 1.1 0.0HU 3.1 0.1 0.5MT 0.0 0.0 0.3 3.7NL 6.2 10.1 43.4AT 9.2 0.0 2.1 0.0PL 18.5 0.3 1.7 0.5PT 3.6 0.0 2.7 2.1RO 10.5 0.0 0.4 0.0SI 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.2SK 7.3 0.0 0.1 0.0FI 4.2 1.9 0.4SE 5.0 0.1 2.2 5.8UK 10.1 0.3 32.0 8.8

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

166 167PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions

CO2 Emissions

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion

Million ton CO2 CO

2 Em

issi

ons

Fuel

Co

mbu

stio

n

Ener

gy

Indu

strie

s

Man

ufac

turin

g In

dust

ries a

nd

Cons

truc

tion

Tran

spor

t

Com

mer

cial

/In

stitu

tiona

l

Resi

dent

ial

Agric

ultu

re/

Fore

stry

/ Fi

sher

ies

1990 4615 4136 1665 852 769 199 504 931995 4365 3895 1508 759 822 181 492 891996 4477 4003 1539 748 847 198 538 911997 4400 3907 1492 738 860 183 505 881998 4409 3907 1509 709 887 183 495 851999 4345 3849 1467 689 907 182 483 852000 4384 3864 1498 699 903 175 468 832001 4459 3944 1537 675 918 192 503 832002 4434 3918 1555 657 929 182 478 822003 4539 4006 1606 667 940 183 491 822004 4567 4005 1592 665 960 187 483 822005 4559 3981 1583 655 959 183 481 832006 4586 3988 1597 650 967 189 469 802007 4542 3931 1605 651 977 168 415 762008 4441 3848 1526 625 955 181 447 772009 4078 3570 1402 522 930 176 431 752010 4194 3674 1423 560 925 187 468 772011 4062 3534 1401 546 915 169 394 752012 3995 3495 1396 526 882 174 410 74

CO2 Emissions – EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2)

6,896 mm ou 3,404 mm-1,167 mm ou -3,275 mm81 mm ou 84,535,386 mm ou 43 ou 150,7 mm

CO2 Emissions

Energy Industries

Transport

Fuel Combustion

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

Commercial/Institutional

Residential Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

2 500

3 500

4 500

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.1. Gases Emissions

4.1.2. CO2 Emissions

CO2 Emissions

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion

Million ton CO2 Indu

stria

l Pr

oces

ses a

ndSo

lven

t Use

Was

te

and

Oth

er

Inte

rnat

iona

l Av

iatio

n

Inte

rnat

iona

l M

ariti

me

Tran

spor

t

1990 296 5 69 1091995 271 4 86 1101996 263 4 90 1171997 269 4 94 1261998 266 4 101 1321999 257 3 109 1262000 269 3 115 1332001 258 3 114 1392002 258 3 111 1432003 267 3 115 1472004 279 3 124 1562005 278 4 131 1652006 282 4 137 1752007 290 3 141 1782008 272 3 142 1762009 214 3 131 1592010 231 3 131 1552011 230 3 135 1592012 219 3 133 145

CO2 Emissions – EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2)

6,896 mm ou 3,404 mm-1,167 mm ou -3,275 mm81 mm ou 84,535,386 mm ou 43 ou 150,7 mm

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

International Maritime Transport

International Aviation

Waste and Other

1990 19961992 1994 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

350

300

250

150

100

50

200

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

168 169PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.2. Main Emissions Indicators4.2.1. CO2 per Capita

CO2 per Capita

kg CO2/cap 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

EU-28 9033 8994 9190 8307 7873Index 1995 100 % 100 % 102 % 92 % 87 %

BE 13827 14235 14591 13065 11245BG 7114 5626 6635 6442 6715CZ 12534 12338 12427 11232 10678DK 12973 11303 10363 9629 7770DE 11665 11170 10826 10553 10440EE 12658 11329 12575 13888 13238IE 10206 12349 12130 9658 8747EL 9436 10670 11217 9645 9039ES 7112 8373 9275 6940 6862FR 6956 7169 7084 6327 5920HR 3788 4549 5358 4886 4566IT 7998 8333 8601 7298 6594CY 10430 12188 13070 11134 9842LV 3859 2988 3908 4604 4209LT 4307 3485 4388 4611 4939LU 23875 22289 28781 24711 22548HU 5989 5753 6020 5235 4694MT 8039 10065 16702 15158 16238NL 13824 13965 14764 14129 13062AT 8216 8456 9898 8906 8290PL 9463 8376 8394 8615 8381PT 5689 6784 6922 5332 5210RO 5599 4158 4675 3971 4195SI 7576 7681 8408 7941 7731SK 8330 7606 7795 6919 6536FI 11718 11581 11330 12268 9786SE 7240 6856 6839 6514 5635UK 9981 10030 9978 8715 8182

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

Main Emissions Indicators

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU4.2. Main Emissions Indicators

4.2.2. Carbon GDP Intensity

Carbon GDP Intensity

ton CO2/M€ ‘05 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012

EU-28 499 433 410 361 340Index 1995 100 % 87 % 82 % 72 % 68 %

BE 576 520 504 442 380BG 3396 2581 2202 1827 1802CZ 1657 1480 1215 989 932DK 401 310 271 258 209DE 484 425 401 363 346EE 3202 1964 1515 1665 1394IE 467 366 310 269 240EL 751 736 645 555 599ES 442 435 443 337 339FR 298 274 260 231 214HR 714 702 661 586 540IT 365 347 351 311 289CY 704 729 710 603 566LV 1436 812 677 775 620LT 1362 846 695 646 607LU 518 384 443 383 360HU 988 812 684 597 531MT 820 848 1368 1136 1204NL 542 462 469 427 400AT 338 300 332 284 257PL 2245 1526 1311 1078 985PT 474 469 473 358 364RO 2060 1544 1249 886 903SI 775 635 586 519 517SK 1743 1356 1091 777 697FI 547 434 378 401 317SE 291 233 207 189 160UK 431 366 322 286 271

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

PART 5

ProfilesCountry

173PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

Summary

5.0. European Union 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

5.1. Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

5.2. Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

5.3. Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

5.4. Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

5.5. Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

5.6. Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

5.7. Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

5.8. Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

5.9. Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

5.10. France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

5.11. Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

5.12. Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

5.13. Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

5.14. Latvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

5.15. Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

5.16. Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

5.17. Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

5.18. Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

5.19. Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

5.20. Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

5.21. Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

5.22. Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

5.23. Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

5.24. Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

5.25. Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

5.26. Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

5.27. Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

5.28. United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

174 175PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.0. European Union 28

European Union 28

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 964.9 947.3 906.3 845.0 815.9 809.6Solid Fuels 279.8 214.6 196.0 164.8 167.6 167.5

of which Hard Coal 174.9 120.7 100.1 74.8 72.7 73.2Petroleum and Products 177.5 175.7 137.9 109.5 96.7 89.9

of which Crude and NGL 172.3 169.9 129.9 94.5 82.4 74.2Gases 191.4 209.4 190.8 159.9 141.8 133.4

of which Natural Gas 191.0 209.2 190.7 159.9 141.8 133.4Nuclear 227.3 243.8 257.5 236.6 234.0 227.7Renewables 83.1 97.1 115.9 163.0 162.2 177.4Wastes, Non-Renewable 5.7 6.5 8.2 11.1 13.6 13.6Net Imports 734.3 825.9 979.2 954.3 943.6 922.8Solid Fuels 78.4 98.3 125.4 111.6 119.9 123.9

of which Hard Coal 76.6 94.3 122.8 111.0 120.1 125.1Petroleum and Products 508.4 531.8 597.0 558.6 545.1 531.7

of which Crude and NGL 471.5 501.8 564.4 523.9 514.8 529.0Gases 145.5 193.4 254.1 277.8 271.0 258.6

of which Natural Gas 145.5 193.4 254.1 277.8 271.0 258.6Renewables 0.3 0.3 1.4 5.6 6.9 6.8Electricity 1.8 2.0 1.4 0.7 0.7 1.6Gross Inland Consumption 1671.0 1726.9 1824.2 1759.7 1699.5 1683.5Solid Fuels 365.0 321.3 318.1 282.9 287.5 293.9

of which Hard Coal 257.6 221.5 220.4 191.8 192.7 200.0Petroleum and Products 651.7 659.6 676.5 612.4 590.9 569.2

of which Crude and NGL 646.0 673.7 694.4 619.1 601.8 602.4Gases 336.1 396.1 445.3 447.2 403.8 392.8

of which Natural Gas 335.6 395.9 445.2 447.1 403.8 392.8Nuclear 227.3 243.8 257.5 236.6 234.0 227.7Renewables 83.4 97.5 117.1 168.9 168.9 184.4Electricity 1.8 2.0 1.4 0.7 0.7 1.6Wastes, Non-Renewable 5.7 6.5 8.2 11.2 13.7 13.7Primary Energy Intensity 1565.6 1616.6 1710.5 1653.5 1596.4 1584.8Available for Final Consumption 1184.6 1235.8 1304.3 1270.8 1216.3 1201.2Final Non-Energy Consumption 105.5 110.3 113.7 106.2 103.1 98.6Final Energy Consumption 1078.7 1131.0 1188.5 1159.8 1108.0 1104.5by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 83.0 62.2 53.3 49.8 48.7 47.4Petroleum and Products 464.2 489.6 504.9 458.2 445.3 431.3Gases 247.2 267.5 281.2 273.0 244.6 252.8Biomass and Renewable Wastes 42.5 47.2 54.0 76.1 74.4 77.1Solar 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.8Geothermal 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5Electricity 194.3 217.6 239.5 244.4 239.9 240.6Derived heat 45.4 44.6 52.4 53.4 48.0 48.3Wastes, Non-Renewable 1.5 1.3 1.8 2.9 4.8 4.6

by SectorIndustry 329.5 332.3 329.7 290.7 289.4 282.8Transport 306.7 345.1 369.6 363.7 361.9 351.7Households 283.6 294.3 304.5 311.1 277.6 289.2Services 115.3 116.9 143.7 157.3 146.5 148.7Agriculture and Fishing 31.6 28.7 28.2 25.6 25.0 25.0Other 12.1 13.6 12.8 11.6 7.6 7.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.0. European Union 28

European Union 28

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 618.5 681.1 758.1 884.8 922.9 952.1Combustible Fuels 353.3 391.5 435.1 488.7 492.1 495.2Nuclear 128.4 136.6 135.0 131.7 132.1 123.2Hydro 133.5 139.0 143.4 147.5 148.7 148.9Wind 2.4 12.7 40.4 84.6 94.2 106.3Solar PV 0.0 0.2 2.3 29.4 51.3 68.7Geothermal 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Other Sources 0.1 0.2 1.0 1.1 2.4 6.8Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 2742.7 3035.9 3325.1 3364.4 3295.1 3295.2Solid Fuels 945.9 933.7 960.6 830.2 851.6 901.8Petroleum and Products 230.3 181.3 142.8 86.8 72.5 72.5Gases 294.1 512.9 704.2 797.8 733.8 614.7Nuclear 880.8 945.0 997.7 916.6 906.7 882.4Renewables 382.2 448.8 495.1 709.6 705.9 798.7Wastes, non-RES 8.8 12.6 14.4 19.0 20.2 20.6Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 105.6 106.0CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 394.6 377.7CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 11.7 % 11.5 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 3038.4 2994.0Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 300172 337373 358141 342490 339749 328800

Motor Gasoline 138159 134100 115398 91366 87471 82369Gas/Diesel Oil 123249 153225 186210 194695 194696 190599

Final Consumption Biofuels 216 710 3019 13088 13635 14501Biogasoline 24 58 556 2832 2887 2852Biodiesel 188 637 2309 10216 10726 11637

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 191 171 164 152 144 143Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3458 3542 3678 3486 3360 3318Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 4676 5192 5616 5631 5516 5515Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 179 160 154 142 135 135Import Dependency (%) 43.0 % 46.7 % 52.2 % 52.7 % 53.9 % 53.4 %on Solid Fuels 21.5 % 30.6 % 39.4 % 39.4 % 41.7 % 42.2 %

on Hard Coal 29.7 % 42.6 % 55.7 % 57.9 % 62.3 % 62.5 %on Petroleum Fuels 74.0 % 75.7 % 82.1 % 84.4 % 85.1 % 86.4 %

on Crude and NGL 73.0 % 74.5 % 81.3 % 84.6 % 85.5 % 87.8 %on Natural Gas 43.4 % 48.9 % 57.1 % 62.1 % 67.1 % 65.8 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 12.5 % 12.9 % 14.1 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 14.2 % 15.0 % 15.6 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 19.7 % 21.7 % 23.5 %RE-T – Transport 4.8 % 3.4 % 5.1 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 4365 4384 4559 4194 4062 3995GHGs Emissions 5451 5372 5477 5039 4900 4824Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9033 8994 9190 8307 8031 7873Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2612 2539 2499 2383 2390 2373CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 499 433 410 361 344 340

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

176 177PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.1. Belgium

Belgium

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 11.8 13.6 13.7 15.2 18.3 16.3Solid Fuels 0.3 0.2 0.1

of which Hard Coal 0.3 0.2 0.1Petroleum and Products 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.6

of which Crude and NGLGases 0.0 0.0

of which Natural Gas 0.0 0.0Nuclear 10.7 12.4 12.3 12.4 12.4 10.4Renewables 0.4 0.5 0.9 2.0 2.5 2.8Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 2.7 2.5Net Imports 46.8 50.4 53.1 53.7 49.1 46.1Solid Fuels 9.4 7.2 5.2 3.6 3.4 2.8

of which Hard Coal 8.9 6.6 5.0 3.7 3.5 3.0Petroleum and Products 26.5 29.4 32.3 32.7 29.8 27.8

of which Crude and NGL 26.3 34.0 31.6 33.2 29.8 31.6Gases 10.4 13.3 14.8 16.8 15.2 14.2

of which Natural Gas 10.4 13.3 14.8 16.8 15.2 14.2Renewables 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5Electricity 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.9Gross Inland Consumption 53.9 59.2 58.7 61.0 59.7 56.3Solid Fuels 8.7 7.9 5.1 3.7 3.4 3.0

of which Hard Coal 8.2 7.3 4.9 3.7 3.4 3.2Petroleum and Products 22.7 24.0 24.4 24.6 22.9 21.9

of which Crude and NGL 26.4 34.0 31.8 33.3 29.7 31.6Gases 10.6 13.4 14.7 17.0 15.1 14.4

of which Natural Gas 10.6 13.4 14.7 17.0 15.1 14.4Nuclear 10.7 12.4 12.3 12.4 12.4 10.4Renewables 0.5 0.6 1.2 2.6 2.9 3.3Electricity 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.9Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 2.7 2.5Primary Energy Intensity 48.1 52.4 51.2 52.8 52.0 48.7Available for Final Consumption 40.0 44.7 44.4 46.3 45.5 43.6Final Non-Energy Consumption 5.8 6.7 7.5 8.3 7.7 7.6Final Energy Consumption 34.5 37.6 36.8 37.5 37.8 36.6by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 3.3 3.4 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.3Petroleum and Products 16.1 16.5 16.6 15.5 14.6 13.8Gases 8.5 10.0 10.0 11.1 10.8 10.4Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.6Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Geothermal 0.0 0.0Electricity 5.9 6.7 6.9 7.2 6.9 7.1Derived heat 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.1 1.9

by SectorIndustry 12.0 14.2 11.8 11.8 13.9 13.3Transport 8.6 9.7 10.0 10.8 10.7 9.9Households 9.3 9.5 9.9 9.0 7.4 7.4Services 3.5 3.4 4.2 5.0 4.4 4.4Agriculture and Fishing 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.9

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.1. Belgium

Belgium

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 14.9 15.7 16.1 18.3 20.1 20.8Combustible Fuels 7.9 8.5 8.7 9.2 10.3 9.5Nuclear 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9Hydro 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4Wind 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 1.1 1.4Solar PV 0.0 0.9 1.4 2.6GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 74.4 84.0 87.0 95.1 90.2 82.9Solid Fuels 16.5 12.9 8.2 4.2 3.4 3.4Petroleum and Products 1.3 0.8 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.1Gases 12.9 19.1 25.1 33.2 27.4 25.6Nuclear 41.4 48.2 47.6 47.9 48.2 40.3Renewables 1.6 2.3 3.4 7.9 9.6 11.8Wastes, non-RES 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.5Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.9 2.6 2.6CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 7.4 15.2 14.5CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 8.5 % 16.0 % 16.0 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 75.9 93.7Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 8483 9623 9865 10283 10198 9420

Motor Gasoline 3038 2408 1890 1277 1293 1206Gas/Diesel Oil 4313 5454 6541 7399 7358 6784

Final Consumption Biofuels 352 338 346Biogasoline 53 48 48Biodiesel 299 290 298

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 221 211 194 190 182 172Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5321 5773 5607 5608 5435 5095Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 6752 7568 7657 7655 7298 7507Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 198 187 169 164 159 149Import Dependency (%) 80.9 % 78.1 % 80.0 % 78.2 % 73.9 % 74.0 %on Solid Fuels 108.9 % 91.1 % 101.4 % 97.8 % 101.2 % 94.2 %

on Hard Coal 108.5 % 90.4 % 100.9 % 100.2 % 102.6 % 93.8 %on Petroleum Fuels 99.6 % 100.2 % 100.8 % 101.4 % 100.7 % 99.3 %

on Crude and NGL 99.8 % 100.2 % 99.5 % 99.9 % 100.3 % 99.7 %on Natural Gas 98.2 % 99.3 % 100.6 % 98.8 % 100.6 % 98.6 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 5.0 % 5.2 % 6.8 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 5.0 % 4.7 % 6.6 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 7.1 % 8.8 % 11.1 %RE-T – Transport 4.1 % 4.0 % 4.5 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 140 146 153 142 131 124GHGs Emissions 166 167 171 159 146 140Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 13827 14235 14591 13065 11891 11245Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2599 2466 2602 2329 2188 2207CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 576 520 504 442 398 380

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

178 179PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.2. Bulgaria

Bulgaria

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.5 12.3 11.7Solid Fuels 5.3 4.3 4.2 4.9 6.2 5.6

of which Hard Coal 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Petroleum and Products 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

of which Crude and NGL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Gases 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.3

of which Natural Gas 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.3Nuclear 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.0 4.2 4.1Renewables 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.6Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Net Imports 12.8 8.5 9.3 7.1 6.9 6.6Solid Fuels 2.4 2.3 2.6 1.7 2.0 1.5

of which Hard Coal 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.7 2.0 1.5Petroleum and Products 5.9 3.9 4.9 4.0 3.7 3.8

of which Crude and NGL 7.4 5.2 5.8 5.4 4.9 5.8Gases 4.6 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.0

of which Natural Gas 4.6 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.0Renewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0Electricity 0.0 -0.4 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 -0.7Gross Inland Consumption 22.7 18.5 19.8 17.8 19.1 18.2Solid Fuels 7.6 6.4 6.9 6.9 8.1 6.9

of which Hard Coal 3.2 2.2 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.4Petroleum and Products 5.6 4.1 4.7 3.9 3.7 3.8

of which Crude and NGL 7.4 5.3 6.0 5.4 5.0 5.8Gases 4.6 2.9 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.5

of which Natural Gas 4.6 2.9 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.5Nuclear 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.0 4.2 4.1Renewables 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.6Electricity 0.0 -0.4 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 -0.7Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Primary Energy Intensity 21.5 17.5 18.9 17.3 18.6 17.8Available for Final Consumption 12.9 10.0 10.6 8.8 9.5 9.3Final Non-Energy Consumption 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5Final Energy Consumption 11.4 9.1 10.1 8.8 9.3 9.2by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.4Petroleum and Products 2.9 3.0 3.7 3.1 3.0 3.1Gases 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.2Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4Derived heat 2.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 6.0 4.0 4.0 2.6 2.7 2.6Transport 1.8 2.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.1Households 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4Services 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0Agriculture and Fishing 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2Other 0.5 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.2. Bulgaria

Bulgaria

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 2.0 11.1 12.3 10.0 10.2 11.6Combustible Fuels 5.7 6.7 4.6 4.5 4.9Nuclear 3.5 2.7 1.9 1.9 1.9Hydro 2.0 1.9 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1Wind 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.7Solar PV 0.0 0.2 1.0GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 41.8 40.9 44.4 46.7 50.8 47.3Solid Fuels 17.3 16.9 18.5 22.6 27.5 22.9Petroleum and Products 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.2Gases 3.4 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.4Nuclear 17.3 18.2 18.7 15.2 16.3 15.8Renewables 2.3 3.0 4.7 6.4 4.7 6.1Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.0Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.2 1.0 1.1CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.7 3.7 3.4CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 6.1 % 8.0 % 6.7 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 50.4 40.4 38.5Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 1776 1804 2588 2608 2616 2698

Motor Gasoline 1161 707 571 611 564 540Gas/Diesel Oil 278 779 1379 1441 1511 1612

Final Consumption Biofuels 13 17 86BiogasolineBiodiesel 10 17 86

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 1288 1040 849 669 705 670Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2699 2267 2559 2359 2598 2496Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 3413 2968 3332 3597 3868 3811Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 1218 985 813 653 687 653Import Dependency (%) 55.9 % 46.0 % 46.7 % 39.6 % 36.0 % 36.1 %on Solid Fuels 31.7 % 35.1 % 37.0 % 24.7 % 24.4 % 21.4 %

on Hard Coal 73.0 % 100.5 % 94.8 % 88.2 % 102.9 % 107.2 %on Petroleum Fuels 99.6 % 95.4 % 102.2 % 101.0 % 97.7 % 96.9 %

on Crude and NGL 99.7 % 98.7 % 97.7 % 99.1 % 98.2 % 99.8 %on Natural Gas 99.5 % 93.5 % 87.7 % 92.6 % 86.1 % 83.3 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 14.4 % 14.6 % 16.3 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 24.4 % 24.9 % 27.5 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 13.7 % 13.9 % 17.0 %RE-T – Transport 1.0 % 0.4 % 0.3 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 60 46 51 49 54 49GHGs Emissions 78 60 65 61 67 62Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7114 5626 6635 6442 7341 6715Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2636 2482 2593 2731 2826 2691CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 3396 2581 2202 1827 1994 1802

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

180 181PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.3. Czech Republic

Czech Republic

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 32.4 30.6 32.9 31.6 32.0 32.6Solid Fuels 27.6 25.0 23.6 20.7 20.9 20.7

of which Hard Coal 10.8 9.4 8.4 7.4 7.2 7.9Petroleum and Products 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4

of which Crude and NGL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2Gases 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

of which Natural Gas 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Nuclear 3.2 3.5 6.4 7.2 7.3 7.8Renewables 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.9 3.0 3.2Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Net Imports 8.6 9.4 12.6 11.4 12.0 10.8Solid Fuels -5.8 -4.7 -3.3 -3.0 -2.6 -2.2

of which Hard Coal -2.9 -3.5 -2.8 -2.9 -2.5 -2.2Petroleum and Products 7.9 7.5 9.6 8.9 8.5 8.4

of which Crude and NGL 7.0 5.6 7.6 7.8 6.9 7.1Gases 6.4 7.5 7.5 6.8 7.5 6.1

of which Natural Gas 6.4 7.5 7.5 6.8 7.5 6.1Renewables 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0Electricity 0.0 -0.9 -1.1 -1.3 -1.5 -1.5Gross Inland Consumption 41.7 41.2 45.1 44.7 43.2 42.8Solid Fuels 22.7 21.6 20.2 18.5 18.4 17.3

of which Hard Coal 8.4 6.3 5.6 4.9 5.1 4.6Petroleum and Products 8.1 7.9 9.9 9.2 9.0 8.8

of which Crude and NGL 6.9 5.8 7.7 8.0 7.1 7.3Gases 6.6 7.5 7.7 8.1 6.8 6.9

of which Natural Gas 6.6 7.5 7.7 8.1 6.8 6.9Nuclear 3.2 3.5 6.4 7.2 7.3 7.8Renewables 1.2 1.3 1.8 2.8 3.0 3.2Electricity 0.0 -0.9 -1.1 -1.3 -1.5 -1.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Primary Energy Intensity 39.4 39.1 42.2 41.9 40.6 40.1Available for Final Consumption 27.8 27.2 29.2 28.7 27.1 26.3Final Non-Energy Consumption 2.3 2.1 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7Final Energy Consumption 26.1 24.8 26.0 25.4 24.5 24.1by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 6.1 5.1 3.8 3.0 3.1 2.8Petroleum and Products 5.1 5.3 6.8 6.5 6.4 6.2Gases 6.2 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.0 5.9Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.9 1.9 2.0Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0GeothermalElectricity 4.1 4.2 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9Derived heat 3.7 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.1Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

by SectorIndustry 12.5 10.1 9.7 8.6 8.5 8.1Transport 2.8 4.4 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.0Households 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.6 5.9 6.0Services 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0Agriculture and Fishing 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6Other 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.3. Czech Republic

Czech Republic

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 13.8 15.3 17.4 19.8 20.2 20.4Combustible Fuels 10.6 11.5 11.5 11.8 11.9 11.9Nuclear 1.8 1.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0Hydro 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2Wind 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3Solar PV 0.0 1.7 1.9 2.0GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 60.8 73.5 82.6 85.9 87.6 87.6Solid Fuels 44.3 52.6 49.5 47.1 47.1 44.4Petroleum and Products 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1Gases 1.0 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9Nuclear 12.2 13.6 24.7 28.0 28.3 30.3Renewables 2.7 2.8 3.8 6.5 7.9 8.8Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.2 4.8 4.7CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 13.9 12.2 11.2CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 16.8 % 14.2 % 12.8 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 150.7 135.7 121.1Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 2601 4070 5866 5724 5661 5538

Motor Gasoline 1694 1922 2125 1833 1759 1640Gas/Diesel Oil 703 1880 3322 3469 3470 3508

Final Consumption Biofuels 16 63 3 232 301 275Biogasoline 58 61 56Biodiesel 16 63 3 174 240 219

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 533 481 431 374 355 355Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4034 4008 4409 4253 4118 4071Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 4654 4807 5403 5439 5407 5391Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 504 457 403 351 334 333Import Dependency (%) 20.6 % 22.8 % 28.0 % 25.5 % 27.7 % 25.2 %on Solid Fuels -25.5 % -21.8 % -16.1 % -16.1 % -14.0 % -13.0 %

on Hard Coal -34.2 % -56.1 % -49.4 % -58.0 % -47.8 % -47.5 %on Petroleum Fuels 98.0 % 95.3 % 97.5 % 96.4 % 95.2 % 95.3 %

on Crude and NGL 100.2 % 95.3 % 99.3 % 97.5 % 97.3 % 97.3 %on Natural Gas 98.0 % 99.8 % 97.8 % 84.8 % 110.2 % 89.0 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 9.3 % 9.3 % 11.2 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 12.1 % 12.6 % 13.6 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 7.5 % 10.6 % 11.6 %RE-T – Transport 4.6 % 0.7 % 5.6 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 129 127 127 118 116 112GHGs Emissions 152 147 147 138 136 132Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12534 12338 12427 11232 11056 10678Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3107 3078 2819 2641 2685 2623CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 1657 1480 1215 989 954 932

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

182 183PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.4. Denmark

Denmark

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 16.3 28.8 30.8 23.2 20.5 18.9Solid Fuels

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 10.0 19.3 18.5 12.3 11.1 10.2

of which Crude and NGL 9.3 18.1 18.5 12.3 11.1 10.2Gases 4.7 7.4 9.4 7.4 5.9 5.2

of which Natural Gas 4.7 7.4 9.4 7.3 5.9 5.2NuclearRenewables 1.3 1.7 2.5 3.1 3.1 3.1Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4Net Imports 7.3 -7.4 -10.1 -3.4 -1.2 -0.6Solid Fuels 7.7 3.8 3.5 2.6 3.6 2.3

of which Hard Coal 7.6 3.8 3.5 2.6 3.6 2.3Petroleum and Products 1.2 -8.4 -9.1 -3.7 -3.8 -2.6

of which Crude and NGL 0.6 -9.9 -10.9 -5.1 -4.3 -2.4Gases -1.5 -2.9 -5.0 -3.0 -2.1 -1.9

of which Natural Gas -1.5 -2.9 -5.0 -3.0 -2.1 -1.9Renewables 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.1Electricity -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.4Gross Inland Consumption 20.2 19.8 19.6 20.1 18.7 18.1Solid Fuels 6.5 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.2 2.5

of which Hard Coal 6.5 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.2 2.5Petroleum and Products 9.0 9.1 8.1 7.7 7.3 7.1

of which Crude and NGL 9.8 8.2 7.7 7.3 6.8 7.6Gases 3.2 4.5 4.4 4.4 3.7 3.5

of which Natural Gas 3.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.7 3.5NuclearRenewables 1.3 1.8 2.8 3.9 4.0 4.2Electricity -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.4Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4Primary Energy Intensity 19.9 19.5 19.3 19.9 18.5 17.9Available for Final Consumption 15.1 15.0 15.5 15.8 15.0 14.7Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3Final Energy Consumption 14.8 14.7 15.5 15.2 14.5 14.1by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1Petroleum and Products 7.3 7.1 7.3 6.3 6.1 5.7Gases 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.4Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0GeothermalElectricity 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7Derived heat 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.6Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.3Transport 4.6 4.8 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.6Households 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.9 4.4 4.4Services 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9Agriculture and Fishing 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.4. Denmark

Denmark

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 10.8 12.3 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.1Combustible Fuels 10.2 9.9 9.9 9.6 9.6 9.5NuclearHydro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Wind 0.6 2.4 3.1 3.8 4.0 4.2Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 36.8 36.1 36.2 38.9 35.2 30.7Solid Fuels 27.4 16.7 15.5 17.0 14.0 10.6Petroleum and Products 3.6 4.4 1.4 0.8 0.5 0.4Gases 3.6 8.8 8.8 7.9 5.8 4.2NuclearRenewables 1.9 5.6 9.8 12.4 14.2 14.8Wastes, non-RES 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.7 5.8 5.5CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 18.9 19.1 16.3CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 52.1 % 49.2 % 46.2 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 119.0 124.7 108.1Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 4530 4795 5303 4700 4581 4354

Motor Gasoline 1944 2019 1922 1144 971 866Gas/Diesel Oil 1823 1872 2383 2661 2680 2580

Final Consumption Biofuels 27 134 223Biogasoline 27 51Biodiesel 83 223

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 119 101 94 97 90 87Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3867 3701 3613 3633 3366 3245Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 5905 6080 6175 5836 5732 5618Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 118 100 93 96 88 86Import Dependency (%) 33.4 % -35.1 % -49.9 % -16.1 % -6.1 % -3.4 %on Solid Fuels 117.9 % 94.9 % 94.4 % 69.4 % 111.0 % 93.7 %

on Hard Coal 118.0 % 94.8 % 94.3 % 69.3 % 111.1 % 93.6 %on Petroleum Fuels 11.0 % -80.8 % -102.7 % -43.9 % -47.7 % -34.8 %

on Crude and NGL 6.3 % -120.5 % -141.3 % -68.8 % -63.3 % -31.2 %on Natural Gas -47.2 % -64.8 % -113.9 % -68.3 % -55.3 % -54.2 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 22.6 % 24.0 % 26.0 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 30.7 % 31.8 % 33.3 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 32.7 % 35.9 % 38.7 %RE-T – Transport 0.9 % 3.8 % 5.8 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 68 60 56 53 49 43GHGs Emissions 83 75 69 66 61 56Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12973 11303 10363 9629 8732 7770Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3355 3054 2868 2651 2594 2394CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 401 310 271 258 233 209

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

184 185

Germany

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 145.2 135.5 139.1 133.7 127.0 128.1Solid Fuels 78.9 60.6 56.5 45.9 46.7 47.6

of which Hard Coal 38.1 24.2 18.0 9.2 8.6 7.6Petroleum and Products 4.3 4.7 7.5 8.1 7.8 8.3

of which Crude and NGL 3.0 3.2 3.5 2.5 2.6 2.6Gases 15.1 15.8 14.3 11.1 10.9 9.6

of which Natural Gas 15.1 15.8 14.3 11.1 10.9 9.6Nuclear 39.5 43.8 42.1 36.3 27.9 25.7Renewables 5.9 8.9 16.8 28.4 29.8 32.9Wastes, Non-Renewable 1.4 1.7 1.8 3.9 3.9 4.0Net Imports 195.2 204.7 208.1 201.7 196.8 196.8Solid Fuels 10.3 21.7 26.0 31.6 32.4 32.1

of which Hard Coal 8.2 17.2 23.8 29.1 30.4 30.7Petroleum and Products 131.6 125.9 120.2 109.8 104.5 106.4

of which Crude and NGL 101.6 101.4 111.0 91.6 89.1 92.3Gases 52.9 56.9 61.9 61.6 60.4 59.8

of which Natural Gas 52.9 56.9 61.9 61.6 60.4 59.8Renewables 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.2Electricity 0.4 0.3 -0.4 -1.3 -0.3 -1.8Gross Inland Consumption 341.6 342.3 341.9 333.7 317.1 319.5Solid Fuels 91.6 84.8 82.0 78.8 78.2 80.4

of which Hard Coal 47.7 43.8 41.3 39.6 38.1 38.8Petroleum and Products 135.4 131.0 121.5 111.8 108.3 108.3

of which Crude and NGL 104.8 108.1 114.1 94.5 92.5 94.1Gases 67.3 71.9 77.8 75.9 69.6 69.8

of which Natural Gas 67.3 71.9 77.8 75.9 69.6 69.8Nuclear 39.5 43.8 42.1 36.3 27.9 25.7Renewables 5.9 8.9 17.2 28.3 29.7 33.1Electricity 0.4 0.3 -0.4 -1.3 -0.3 -1.8Wastes, Non-Renewable 1.4 1.7 1.8 3.9 3.9 4.0Primary Energy Intensity 318.0 317.2 317.2 311.1 294.7 297.6Available for Final Consumption 244.0 247.3 247.1 243.7 233.2 233.6Final Non-Energy Consumption 23.6 25.1 24.7 22.6 22.4 21.8Final Energy Consumption 221.6 220.0 218.5 220.5 209.2 213.1by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 13.9 11.0 8.2 9.4 9.5 9.6Petroleum and Products 105.6 99.7 90.4 83.2 80.3 81.0Gases 51.8 56.1 55.1 56.5 50.8 52.9Biomass and Renewable Wastes 2.7 4.7 8.5 12.9 12.0 12.5Solar 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6Geothermal 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1Electricity 38.8 41.6 44.9 45.8 45.2 45.2Derived heat 8.7 6.8 10.8 11.3 10.0 10.4Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.3 1.0 0.9 0.9

by SectorIndustry 60.1 57.6 59.1 60.6 60.8 61.2Transport 63.7 66.8 62.3 61.2 61.3 61.5Households 66.3 65.2 63.5 63.2 55.0 57.5Services 25.9 25.8 33.2 35.4 31.9 32.8Agriculture and Fishing 2.0 0.3 0.0Other 3.7 4.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.5. Germany

Germany

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 116.2 118.9 128.6 162.7 175.9 177.3Combustible Fuels 83.4 80.8 76.4 85.8 89.4 89.6Nuclear 22.8 22.4 20.4 20.5 20.5 12.1Hydro 8.9 9.5 10.9 11.2 11.4 11.3Wind 1.1 6.1 18.4 27.2 29.1 31.3Solar PV 0.0 0.1 2.1 17.6 25.0 32.6Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0Tide, Wave and OceanOther Sources 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 537.3 576.5 622.6 633.0 613.1 629.8Solid Fuels 289.1 296.7 288.1 262.9 262.5 277.1Petroleum and Products 9.0 4.8 12.0 8.7 7.2 7.6Gases 50.4 60.0 83.6 100.9 97.1 87.5Nuclear 153.1 169.6 163.1 140.6 108.0 99.5Renewables 30.4 39.7 69.3 111.2 129.6 149.6Wastes, non-RES 5.3 5.8 3.3 6.4 6.4 6.6Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 20.8 22.5 26.6CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 77.9 83.2 79.6CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 12.6 % 13.2 % 13.1 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 652.5 675.8 638.9Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 62229 65139 58489 56660 56974 56972

Motor Gasoline 32059 30651 23722 18859 18779 17618Gas/Diesel Oil 24099 27047 26364 28449 29183 29832

Final Consumption Biofuels 36 236 1859 2884 2788 2913Biogasoline 153 749 782 792Biodiesel 31 222 1552 2104 1999 2114

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 173 159 154 140 129 129Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4183 4165 4145 4081 3878 3900Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 5525 5882 6333 6512 6426 6419Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 161 147 143 131 120 120Import Dependency (%) 56.8 % 59.4 % 60.4 % 60.0 % 61.5 % 61.1 %on Solid Fuels 11.2 % 25.5 % 31.7 % 40.1 % 41.5 % 40.0 %

on Hard Coal 17.1 % 39.2 % 57.5 % 73.7 % 79.9 % 79.1 %on Petroleum Fuels 95.8 % 94.6 % 97.0 % 95.9 % 94.2 % 96.0 %

on Crude and NGL 96.9 % 93.8 % 97.3 % 97.0 % 96.3 % 98.1 %on Natural Gas 78.6 % 79.1 % 79.6 % 81.2 % 86.8 % 85.7 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 10.7 % 11.6 % 12.4 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 10.3 % 10.8 % 11.1 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 18.1 % 20.9 % 23.6 %RE-T – Transport 6.0 % 5.9 % 6.9 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 953 918 893 863 843 855GHGs Emissions 1140 1067 1026 980 961 973Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 11665 11170 10826 10553 10305 10440Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2789 2682 2612 2586 2657 2677CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 484 425 401 363 343 346

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.5. Germany

186 187

Estonia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 3.9 3.5 4.4 5.6 5.7 5.8Solid Fuels 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.9 4.1 4.0

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7

of which Crude and NGLGases

of which Natural GasNuclearRenewables 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.1Wastes, Non-RenewableNet Imports 1.8 1.6 1.5 0.9 0.8 1.1Solid Fuels 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Hard Coal 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1Petroleum and Products 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9

of which Crude and NGLGases 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5

of which Natural Gas 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5Renewables 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2Electricity -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2Gross Inland Consumption 5.5 5.0 5.6 6.2 6.2 6.1Solid Fuels 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.9 4.1 3.8

of which Hard Coal 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Petroleum and Products 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

of which Crude and NGLGases 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5

of which Natural Gas 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5NuclearRenewables 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9Electricity -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2Wastes, Non-RenewablePrimary Energy Intensity 5.4 4.8 5.4 6.1 6.1 6.0Available for Final Consumption 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1Final Energy Consumption 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Petroleum and Products 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0Gases 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5SolarGeothermalElectricity 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6Derived heat 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Wastes, Non-Renewable

by SectorIndustry 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6Transport 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8Households 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0Services 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4Agriculture and Fishing 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Other 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.6. Estonia

Estonia

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 0.0 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9Combustible Fuels 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6NuclearHydro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Wind 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3Solar PVGeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 8.7 8.5 10.2 13.0 12.9 12.0Solid Fuels 8.3 7.7 9.3 11.2 11.0 9.8Petroleum and Products 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1Gases 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6NuclearRenewables 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.2 1.5Wastes, non-RESCogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.6 0.4 0.4CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.0 1.3 1.3CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 10.2 % 10.3 % 10.4 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 11.5 12.3 12.3Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 487 578 765 778 770 780

Motor Gasoline 264 299 309 289 268 256Gas/Diesel Oil 204 257 408 451 467 486

Final Consumption Biofuels 4 4Biogasoline 4 4Biodiesel

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 966 629 502 551 505 481Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3820 3628 4170 4595 4617 4569Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 3146 3655 4482 5155 4945 5209Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 935 606 482 543 500 474Import Dependency (%) 32.4 % 32.2 % 26.1 % 13.7 % 12.1 % 17.1 %on Solid Fuels 8.6 % 9.2 % 0.8 % -0.4 % -0.2 % 0.5 %

on Hard Coal 102.4 % 116.1 % 96.4 % 118.3 % 95.7 % 126.6 %on Petroleum Fuels 80.2 % 77.4 % 70.8 % 57.5 % 56.1 % 60.0 %

on Crude and NGLon Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 24.6 % 25.6 % 25.8 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 43.3 % 44.1 % 43.1 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 10.4 % 12.3 % 15.8 %RE-T – Transport 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.3 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 18 16 17 19 19 18GHGs Emissions 20 18 19 21 21 20Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12658 11329 12575 13888 14272 13238Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3314 3122 3016 3023 3091 2898CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 3202 1964 1515 1665 1562 1394

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.6. Estonia

188 189

Ireland

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 4.1 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.3Solid Fuels 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.3

of which Hard Coal 0.0Petroleum and Products 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

of which Crude and NGLGases 2.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2

of which Natural Gas 2.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2NuclearRenewables 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0Net Imports 7.7 12.2 13.5 13.2 12.6 11.8Solid Fuels 1.9 1.7 1.9 0.9 1.4 1.3

of which Hard Coal 1.9 1.7 1.9 0.9 1.4 1.3Petroleum and Products 5.8 8.1 8.4 7.6 7.1 6.6

of which Crude and NGL 2.3 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0Gases 0.1 2.5 3.0 4.5 4.0 3.8

of which Natural Gas 0.1 2.5 3.0 4.5 4.0 3.8Renewables 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1Electricity 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0Gross Inland Consumption 11.0 14.3 15.0 15.1 14.0 13.8Solid Fuels 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.0 2.4

of which Hard Coal 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.2 1.3 1.4Petroleum and Products 5.6 8.0 8.4 7.8 7.0 6.6

of which Crude and NGL 2.3 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1Gases 2.3 3.4 3.5 4.7 4.1 4.0

of which Natural Gas 2.3 3.4 3.5 4.7 4.1 4.0NuclearRenewables 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.8Electricity 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0Primary Energy Intensity 10.5 13.7 14.7 14.9 13.7 13.6Available for Final Consumption 8.1 10.8 11.7 12.1 11.3 11.0Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3Final Energy Consumption 8.0 10.8 12.6 11.9 11.0 10.7by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5Petroleum and Products 4.9 7.0 8.2 7.2 6.4 6.1Gases 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0GeothermalElectricity 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1Derived heatWastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.3Transport 2.4 4.1 5.1 4.7 4.4 4.2Households 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.3 2.7 2.7Services 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3Agriculture and Fishing 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2Other

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.7. Ireland

Ireland

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 4.1 4.7 6.3 8.5 8.8 8.8Combustible Fuels 3.5 4.1 5.1 6.4 6.4 6.3NuclearHydro 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Wind 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.4 1.6 1.8Solar PVGeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther Sources 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 17.9 24.0 26.0 28.6 27.5 27.6Solid Fuels 9.0 8.6 8.8 6.4 6.9 8.1Petroleum and Products 2.7 4.6 3.3 0.6 0.2 0.2Gases 5.2 9.3 11.6 17.7 14.9 13.7NuclearRenewables 1.0 1.5 2.2 3.9 5.4 5.5Wastes, non-RES 0.0Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.1 0.3 0.3CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.6 1.9 2.0CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 2.4 % 6.7 % 7.1 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 4.4 12.0 11.0Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 2386 4082 5075 4618 4254 4045

Motor Gasoline 1104 1590 1823 1527 1359 1282Gas/Diesel Oil 851 1833 2370 2304 2175 2156

Final Consumption Biofuels 1 114 118 104Biogasoline 51 49 48Biodiesel 1 63 69 56

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 140 111 92 93 84 83Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3066 3758 3616 3318 3056 3017Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 4124 5333 5854 5575 5434 5264Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 133 107 91 91 82 81Import Dependency (%) 69.4 % 84.7 % 89.3 % 86.5 % 89.6 % 84.8 %on Solid Fuels 64.8 % 64.7 % 70.8 % 47.8 % 68.9 % 55.4 %

on Hard Coal 105.9 % 93.2 % 100.8 % 79.3 % 111.1 % 90.3 %on Petroleum Fuels 100.2 % 98.8 % 99.7 % 97.5 % 101.1 % 98.5 %

on Crude and NGL 100.2 % 89.8 % 98.9 % 101.6 % 100.7 % 95.9 %on Natural Gas 3.6 % 72.1 % 86.7 % 95.7 % 96.1 % 95.6 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 5.6 % 6.6 % 7.2 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 4.3 % 4.9 % 5.1 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 14.9 % 17.6 % 19.6 %RE-T – Transport 2.4 % 3.9 % 4.1 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 37 47 50 44 40 40GHGs Emissions 60 71 73 65 60 61Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 10206 12349 12130 9658 8766 8747Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3328 3286 3354 2911 2869 2899CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 467 366 310 269 240 240

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.7. Ireland

190 191

Greece

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 9.4 10.0 10.3 9.5 9.6 10.5Solid Fuels 7.5 8.2 8.5 7.3 7.5 8.0

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

of which Crude and NGL 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Gases 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Natural Gas 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NuclearRenewables 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.3Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Net Imports 18.3 22.2 23.5 21.7 19.9 20.0Solid Fuels 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2

of which Hard Coal 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2Petroleum and Products 17.3 19.7 20.5 17.4 15.2 15.8

of which Crude and NGL 14.9 19.6 18.0 19.5 16.0 21.1Gases 1.7 2.3 3.2 4.0 3.7

of which Natural Gas 1.7 2.3 3.2 4.0 3.7Renewables 0.2 0.1 0.2Electricity 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2Gross Inland Consumption 23.9 28.3 31.4 28.7 27.8 27.7Solid Fuels 8.4 9.0 8.9 7.9 7.9 8.1

of which Hard Coal 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2Petroleum and Products 14.0 16.1 18.1 15.0 13.5 13.3

of which Crude and NGL 15.1 19.7 18.9 19.6 16.6 21.0Gases 0.1 1.7 2.4 3.2 4.0 3.7

of which Natural Gas 0.0 1.7 2.4 3.2 4.0 3.7NuclearRenewables 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.5Electricity 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Primary Energy Intensity 23.4 27.6 30.6 27.6 26.9 27.1Available for Final Consumption 16.4 19.1 21.4 19.7 18.9 18.4Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7Final Energy Consumption 15.8 18.7 21.0 19.0 18.9 17.1by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2Petroleum and Products 10.8 12.7 14.4 12.1 11.7 9.9Gases 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.0Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3Solar 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 2.9 3.7 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5Derived heat 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0Wastes, Non-Renewable

by SectorIndustry 4.0 4.5 4.2 3.5 3.3 3.0Transport 6.5 7.3 8.2 8.2 7.4 6.4Households 3.3 4.5 5.5 4.6 5.5 5.0Services 0.9 1.3 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.2Agriculture and Fishing 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.3Other 0.0 0.1 0.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.8. Greece

Greece

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 8.9 10.9 13.3 15.3 16.5 22.3Combustible Fuels 6.4 7.6 9.7 10.6 11.0 11.2NuclearHydro 2.5 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2Wind 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.6 1.8Solar PV 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.5Geothermal 0.0Tide, Wave and OceanOther Sources 4.6Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 41.6 53.8 60.0 57.4 59.4 61.0Solid Fuels 28.7 34.3 35.5 30.8 31.1 31.1Petroleum and Products 8.9 8.9 9.2 6.1 5.9 6.1Gases 0.1 5.9 8.2 9.8 13.9 13.4NuclearRenewables 3.8 4.6 7.0 10.5 8.4 10.3Wastes, non-RES 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.2 0.6 0.6CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.0 2.5 2.7CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 1.7 % 4.3 % 4.5 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 9.7 12.7 13.8Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 6504 7278 8157 8004 7311 6225

Motor Gasoline 2921 3464 4170 3867 3497 3097Gas/Diesel Oil 2037 2247 2483 2730 2401 1849

Final Consumption Biofuels 124 103 124BiogasolineBiodiesel 124 103 124

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 179 179 163 148 154 166Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2244 2591 2831 2576 2499 2502Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 3205 3952 4589 4763 4656 4689Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 175 174 159 143 150 162Import Dependency (%) 66.7 % 69.5 % 68.6 % 69.1 % 65.0 % 66.6 %on Solid Fuels 11.0 % 8.5 % 4.1 % 5.1 % 2.9 % 2.3 %

on Hard Coal 95.2 % 105.8 % 112.4 % 100.5 % 102.1 % 76.1 %on Petroleum Fuels 98.4 % 100.2 % 97.7 % 98.6 % 93.8 % 101.3 %

on Crude and NGL 98.8 % 99.5 % 95.2 % 99.5 % 96.5 % 100.7 %on Natural Gas 99.1 % 99.1 % 99.9 % 100.0 % 100.3 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 9.8 % 10.9 % 13.8 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 17.8 % 19.4 % 24.4 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 12.5 % 13.9 % 16.5 %RE-T – Transport 1.9 % 0.7 % 1.1 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 100 116 124 108 105 100GHGs Emissions 124 141 147 129 126 121Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9436 10670 11217 9645 9477 9039Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 4205 4118 3962 3744 3792 3613CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 751 736 645 555 586 599

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.8. Greece

192 193

Spain

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 31.4 31.5 30.1 34.4 32.0 33.5Solid Fuels 10.2 8.0 6.3 3.3 2.6 2.5

of which Hard Coal 8.3 6.5 5.1 3.3 2.6 2.5Petroleum and Products 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5

of which Crude and NGL 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1Gases 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1

of which Natural Gas 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1Nuclear 14.3 16.0 14.8 16.0 14.9 15.9Renewables 5.5 6.8 8.4 14.5 13.8 14.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Net Imports 75.4 99.3 123.8 106.1 104.4 99.4Solid Fuels 8.6 12.8 14.4 6.7 8.6 11.6

of which Hard Coal 8.1 13.3 14.7 6.8 8.7 11.8Petroleum and Products 58.9 70.7 79.3 68.7 66.1 59.2

of which Crude and NGL 55.3 57.7 59.9 52.7 52.4 58.9Gases 7.5 15.5 30.2 30.9 29.4 28.1

of which Natural Gas 7.5 15.5 30.2 30.9 29.4 28.1Renewables 0.4 0.9 1.5Electricity 0.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5 -1.0Gross Inland Consumption 102.1 123.6 144.2 129.9 128.2 127.3Solid Fuels 19.0 20.9 20.6 7.9 12.3 15.1

of which Hard Coal 16.7 19.8 19.8 8.0 12.5 15.2Petroleum and Products 54.9 64.0 70.5 60.4 57.7 52.9

of which Crude and NGL 55.8 57.3 59.9 53.0 52.6 59.4Gases 7.8 15.3 29.9 31.2 28.9 28.2

of which Natural Gas 7.7 15.2 29.8 31.1 28.9 28.2Nuclear 14.3 16.0 14.8 16.0 14.9 15.9Renewables 5.5 6.8 8.4 14.9 14.7 16.0Electricity 0.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.7 -0.5 -1.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Primary Energy Intensity 94.2 114.2 135.9 122.8 121.4 121.3Available for Final Consumption 72.5 88.8 106.0 95.7 93.0 88.4Final Non-Energy Consumption 7.9 9.4 8.3 7.0 6.8 6.0Final Energy Consumption 64.0 79.9 97.8 89.1 86.7 83.1by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.3Petroleum and Products 39.5 46.3 53.5 46.8 44.0 40.1Gases 6.8 12.1 18.0 14.6 14.3 14.9Biomass and Renewable Wastes 3.2 3.4 3.7 5.1 5.6 6.0Solar 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 12.1 16.2 20.8 21.0 20.9 20.7Derived heatWastes, Non-Renewable 0.1

by SectorIndustry 20.5 25.4 31.0 21.4 21.4 20.8Transport 26.4 33.2 39.9 37.2 36.0 33.3Households 10.0 12.0 15.1 16.9 15.6 15.5Services 4.3 6.7 8.4 9.8 10.2 10.0Agriculture and Fishing 2.2 2.6 3.1 2.2 2.4 2.7Other 0.5 0.0 0.2 1.5 1.0 0.7

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.9. Spain

Spain

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 45.6 53.9 76.6 101.8 102.8 105.2Combustible Fuels 21.9 26.2 40.8 50.5 49.8 49.8Nuclear 7.1 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.5Hydro 16.5 18.0 18.2 18.5 18.5 18.6Wind 0.1 2.2 9.9 20.7 21.5 22.8Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.9 4.4 4.6GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 167.1 224.5 294.1 301.5 293.8 297.6Solid Fuels 65.9 79.1 79.1 25.3 44.0 55.1Petroleum and Products 14.6 22.6 24.4 16.6 14.7 15.3Gases 4.9 21.9 80.7 95.8 86.7 74.2Nuclear 55.5 62.2 57.5 62.0 57.7 61.5Renewables 25.9 38.0 46.9 101.0 89.8 90.6Wastes, non-RES 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 3.1 3.4 3.0CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 22.9 22.4 22.1CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 7.8 % 7.4 % 7.6 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 192.5 153.3 159.0Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 26101 32791 39227 35409 33874 30755

Motor Gasoline 9152 9141 7786 5696 5299 4778Gas/Diesel Oil 13373 18859 25977 24171 22658 20419

Final Consumption Biofuels 70 256 1412 1691 2087Biogasoline 113 230 225 198Biodiesel 70 142 1181 1466 1889

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 161 160 159 137 135 136Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2592 3071 3323 2819 2780 2757Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 3578 4681 5581 5313 5279 5204Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 149 148 149 130 128 130Import Dependency (%) 71.7 % 76.6 % 81.4 % 76.8 % 76.4 % 73.3 %on Solid Fuels 45.4 % 61.3 % 70.1 % 85.1 % 69.8 % 76.5 %

on Hard Coal 48.5 % 66.8 % 74.4 % 85.0 % 70.0 % 77.6 %on Petroleum Fuels 101.5 % 101.0 % 101.2 % 99.9 % 99.8 % 96.7 %

on Crude and NGL 99.1 % 100.6 % 100.1 % 99.3 % 99.7 % 99.3 %on Natural Gas 97.4 % 101.6 % 101.4 % 99.4 % 101.6 % 99.6 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 13.8 % 13.2 % 14.3 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 12.6 % 13.6 % 14.0 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 29.7 % 31.6 % 33.5 %RE-T – Transport 4.7 % 0.4 % 0.4 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 280 337 403 320 322 317GHGs Emissions 340 409 469 387 388 381Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7112 8373 9275 6940 6985 6862Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2744 2727 2791 2462 2513 2489CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 442 435 443 337 340 339

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.9. Spain

194 195

France

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 127.4 130.2 135.9 134.8 135.3 134.0Solid Fuels 6.0 2.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2

of which Hard Coal 5.4 2.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2Petroleum and Products 3.5 2.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6

of which Crude and NGL 3.0 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.8Gases 2.8 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5

of which Natural Gas 2.8 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5Nuclear 97.3 107.1 116.5 110.5 114.1 109.7Renewables 17.0 15.8 15.5 20.6 17.8 20.8Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3Net Imports 117.1 134.1 144.2 132.2 126.6 125.3Solid Fuels 9.1 13.0 13.5 12.2 10.1 10.9

of which Hard Coal 8.7 12.4 12.8 11.3 9.2 10.2Petroleum and Products 86.4 91.3 95.2 83.0 82.7 81.0

of which Crude and NGL 78.6 86.8 85.4 65.2 64.9 57.4Gases 27.5 35.8 40.7 39.6 38.3 36.9

of which Natural Gas 27.5 35.8 40.7 39.6 38.3 36.9Renewables 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3Electricity -6.0 -6.0 -5.2 -2.6 -4.9 -3.8Gross Inland Consumption 241.8 257.6 276.4 267.1 257.8 258.4Solid Fuels 16.1 15.0 14.3 12.1 10.2 11.5

of which Hard Coal 14.9 14.2 13.8 11.2 9.4 10.9Petroleum and Products 87.1 88.9 93.2 82.7 82.0 80.4

of which Crude and NGL 82.1 88.2 87.0 66.4 66.3 57.8Gases 29.6 35.8 41.0 42.5 37.0 38.2

of which Natural Gas 29.6 35.8 41.0 42.5 37.0 38.2Nuclear 97.3 107.1 116.5 110.5 114.1 109.7Renewables 17.0 15.8 15.4 20.8 18.1 21.1Electricity -6.0 -6.0 -5.2 -2.6 -4.9 -3.8Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3Primary Energy Intensity 225.9 241.4 261.7 255.0 245.5 246.4Available for Final Consumption 156.8 166.3 177.4 171.2 161.1 163.9Final Non-Energy Consumption 15.9 16.2 14.7 12.2 12.3 12.0Final Energy Consumption 143.5 155.3 162.8 158.4 147.2 150.8by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 6.5 5.8 5.2 4.5 4.3 4.1Petroleum and Products 69.8 73.2 73.7 66.8 65.4 65.4Gases 27.3 30.9 33.7 32.4 26.9 29.5Biomass and Renewable Wastes 9.7 8.8 9.2 12.6 11.2 11.7Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1Geothermal 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0Electricity 29.5 33.1 36.4 38.2 35.9 37.3Derived heat 0.6 3.2 4.2 3.5 3.2 2.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

by SectorIndustry 36.2 37.3 35.7 31.0 30.8 29.6Transport 45.9 50.6 50.5 49.7 49.8 50.3Households 35.8 45.3 43.3 43.8 38.2 42.1Services 20.6 13.6 20.8 23.3 21.6 22.5Agriculture and Fishing 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5Other 1.0 4.1 7.9 6.3 2.4 1.8

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.10. France

France

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 107.6 114.7 115.8 124.6 127.3 129.2Combustible Fuels 23.9 26.1 26.4 28.8 27.8 27.8Nuclear 58.5 63.2 63.3 63.1 63.1 63.1Hydro 25.0 25.1 25.1 25.3 25.3 25.4Wind 0.0 0.1 0.7 6.0 6.7 7.5Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.8 4.0Geothermal 0.0 0.0Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Other Sources 1.3 1.3Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 494.1 540.7 576.2 569.2 560.3 564.3Solid Fuels 24.2 27.0 27.5 23.4 15.1 18.9Petroleum and Products 7.7 7.2 7.9 5.6 2.3 4.3Gases 6.2 15.4 26.3 26.7 29.0 24.5Nuclear 377.2 415.2 451.5 428.5 442.4 425.4Renewables 78.5 75.0 61.3 82.9 69.5 88.2Wastes, non-RES 0.4 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.2Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 6.6 4.6 4.6CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 23.2 15.7 15.7CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 4.0 % 2.8 % 2.8 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 209.2 173.9 173.9Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 44879 49276 49027 46141 46262 46361

Motor Gasoline 16711 14655 11465 7865 7421 7628Gas/Diesel Oil 23352 28172 31003 31758 31972 32030

Final Consumption Biofuels 154 325 390 2388 2404 2694Biogasoline 24 58 70 399 396 414Biodiesel 130 266 320 1989 2008 2280

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 174 162 161 151 143 143Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4071 4242 4390 4123 3960 3949Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 5773 6338 6715 6855 6413 6634Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 163 152 152 144 136 136Import Dependency (%) 48.0 % 51.5 % 51.7 % 49.1 % 48.7 % 48.1 %on Solid Fuels 56.8 % 86.4 % 94.5 % 101.0 % 98.9 % 95.1 %

on Hard Coal 58.0 % 87.3 % 92.9 % 100.6 % 98.8 % 93.5 %on Petroleum Fuels 96.9 % 99.5 % 99.4 % 97.6 % 97.9 % 97.9 %

on Crude and NGL 95.8 % 98.5 % 98.2 % 98.2 % 97.9 % 99.2 %on Natural Gas 93.0 % 100.0 % 99.3 % 93.0 % 103.3 % 96.6 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 12.7 % 11.3 % 13.4 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 16.0 % 16.1 % 16.9 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 14.9 % 16.4 % 16.6 %RE-T – Transport 6.2 % 0.5 % 7.1 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 413 435 446 410 385 387GHGs Emissions 571 584 583 541 515 514Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6956 7169 7084 6327 5906 5920Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1708 1690 1614 1534 1491 1499CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 298 274 260 231 213 214

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.10. France

196 197

Croatia

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 2.1 2.1 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2Combustible Fuels 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9NuclearHydro 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1Wind 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2Solar PV 0.0GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 8.9 10.7 12.5 14.1 10.8 10.6Solid Fuels 0.2 1.6 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.2Petroleum and Products 2.5 1.7 1.9 0.6 0.8 0.6Gases 0.9 1.6 1.8 2.6 2.6 2.5NuclearRenewables 5.3 5.9 6.5 8.6 4.9 5.2Wastes, non-RESCogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.7 0.7CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.0 2.2CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 14.3 % 20.4 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 14.9 14.9Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 1186 1526 1900 2042 2010 1947

Motor Gasoline 594 815 739 678 662 616Gas/Diesel Oil 477 623 1038 1186 1167 1148

Final Consumption Biofuels 3 4 37Biogasoline 1 1Biodiesel 3 3 36

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 289 270 248 232 232 225Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1534 1751 2011 1937 1964 1902Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 2147 2648 3245 3590 3622 3596Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 255 247 228 216 216 210Import Dependency (%) 40.6 % 53.0 % 58.5 % 52.1 % 54.4 % 53.6 %on Solid Fuels 85.9 % 111.0 % 91.3 % 102.5 % 98.4 % 87.9 %

on Hard Coal 74.6 % 112.8 % 90.6 % 102.6 % 98.5 % 87.3 %on Petroleum Fuels 55.6 % 61.1 % 79.4 % 80.4 % 79.9 % 71.4 %

on Crude and NGL 69.2 % 72.1 % 78.9 % 82.2 % 83.8 % 74.3 %on Natural Gas 11.6 % 41.0 % 23.7 % 18.1 % 19.5 % 37.0 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 14.3 % 15.4 % 16.8 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 13.0 % 15.6 % 18.3 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 34.2 % 34.2 % 35.5 %RE-T – Transport 0.5 % 0.4 % 0.4 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 18 20 24 22 21 19GHGs Emissions 24 27 31 29 29 27Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 3788 4549 5358 4886 4891 4566Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2469 2598 2665 2522 2491 2401CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 714 702 661 586 578 540

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

Croatia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 4.2 3.6 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.6Solid Fuels 0.0

of which Hard Coal 0.0Petroleum and Products 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

of which Crude and NGL 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6Gases 1.6 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.6

of which Natural Gas 1.6 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.6NuclearRenewables 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.2Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Net Imports 2.9 4.2 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.4Solid Fuels 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

of which Hard Coal 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5Petroleum and Products 2.2 2.4 3.6 3.0 3.0 2.4

of which Crude and NGL 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.6 2.9 2.4Gases 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.9

of which Natural Gas 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.9Renewables -0.1 -0.2 -0.2Electricity 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7Gross Inland Consumption 7.1 7.8 8.9 8.6 8.5 8.1Solid Fuels 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

of which Hard Coal 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6Petroleum and Products 4.0 4.0 4.5 3.7 3.7 3.4

of which Crude and NGL 5.8 5.5 5.1 4.3 3.4 3.2Gases 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4

of which Natural Gas 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4NuclearRenewables 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0Electricity 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Primary Energy Intensity 6.3 7.1 8.2 8.0 7.9 7.6Available for Final Consumption 5.3 6.1 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.4Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5Final Energy Consumption 4.5 5.4 6.3 6.3 6.2 5.9by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1Petroleum and Products 2.1 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7Gases 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3Derived heat 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1Transport 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0Households 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8Services 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7Agriculture and Fishing 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Other

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.11. Croatia

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.11. Croatia

198 199

Italy

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 29.8 28.5 27.8 29.6 31.2 32.0Solid Fuels 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

of which Hard Coal 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Petroleum and Products 5.6 5.0 6.4 5.7 5.7 5.7

of which Crude and NGL 5.3 4.6 6.2 5.1 5.4 5.5Gases 16.6 13.6 9.9 6.9 6.9 7.0

of which Natural Gas 16.3 13.6 9.9 6.9 6.9 7.0NuclearRenewables 7.5 9.6 10.8 15.9 17.4 18.1Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.1Net Imports 134.5 152.1 160.2 149.8 142.8 133.8Solid Fuels 13.0 13.1 16.4 14.3 15.3 15.8

of which Hard Coal 12.6 12.9 15.9 14.5 15.5 15.9Petroleum and Products 89.5 87.6 79.2 67.8 63.5 56.2

of which Crude and NGL 73.7 83.3 89.1 79.3 72.9 69.1Gases 28.5 47.0 59.8 61.6 57.5 55.4

of which Natural Gas 28.5 47.0 59.8 61.6 57.5 55.4Renewables 0.2 0.5 0.7 2.3 2.5 2.8Electricity 3.2 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.7Gross Inland Consumption 161.8 174.2 187.5 174.8 172.0 163.2Solid Fuels 12.3 12.6 16.5 14.2 15.9 16.3

of which Hard Coal 11.9 12.2 16.0 14.3 16.1 16.5Petroleum and Products 93.5 89.5 84.0 69.6 67.3 59.9

of which Crude and NGL 79.4 87.5 94.8 83.9 79.4 74.9Gases 44.9 57.9 70.7 68.1 63.8 61.4

of which Natural Gas 44.7 57.9 70.7 68.1 63.8 61.4NuclearRenewables 7.7 10.1 11.5 18.1 20.0 20.8Electricity 3.2 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.7Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.1Primary Energy Intensity 152.0 165.8 178.9 165.2 162.8 155.3Available for Final Consumption 124.9 133.7 142.6 133.5 130.2 124.3Final Non-Energy Consumption 9.7 8.4 8.6 9.6 9.2 7.9Final Energy Consumption 114.6 124.7 134.5 124.8 122.1 119.0by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 3.9 3.6 4.0 2.9 3.4 3.4Petroleum and Products 54.1 57.8 59.0 48.7 48.3 45.2Gases 34.7 38.0 40.6 38.5 35.5 35.7Biomass and Renewable Wastes 1.1 1.5 1.7 5.1 5.2 5.3Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2Geothermal 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1Electricity 20.5 23.5 25.9 25.7 26.0 25.5Derived heat 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

by SectorIndustry 36.0 39.7 39.9 31.3 30.1 29.3Transport 38.6 42.5 44.8 41.7 41.8 39.4Households 26.3 27.6 31.3 31.7 31.3 31.3Services 9.8 11.5 15.1 17.0 15.8 15.9Agriculture and Fishing 3.3 3.2 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.8Other 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.12. Italy

Italy

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 65.9 75.5 85.5 106.5 118.4 124.2Combustible Fuels 45.5 54.0 61.9 74.7 76.0 76.8NuclearHydro 19.8 20.3 21.0 21.5 21.7 21.9Wind 0.0 0.4 1.6 5.8 6.9 8.1Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 12.8 16.4Geothermal 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7Tide, Wave and OceanOther Sources 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 241.5 276.6 303.7 302.1 302.6 299.3Solid Fuels 24.1 26.3 43.6 39.7 44.7 49.1Petroleum and Products 120.8 85.9 47.1 21.7 19.9 18.9Gases 50.4 105.6 155.1 157.4 150.0 134.0NuclearRenewables 45.6 57.6 55.3 80.3 84.9 94.2Wastes, non-RES 0.2 0.5 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.3Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.9 7.4 7.3CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 27.4 34.7 34.7CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 9.0 % 11.5 % 11.5 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 193.1 202.5 202.5Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 37665 41461 43427 38702 38640 36271

Motor Gasoline 18279 17556 14175 10276 9908 8770Gas/Diesel Oil 15238 18415 23793 22703 22914 21910

Final Consumption Biofuels 177 1419 1401 1368Biogasoline 122 114 105Biodiesel 177 1297 1287 1263

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 130 127 131 123 121 117Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2846 3060 3199 2889 2832 2680Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 4192 4794 5134 4949 4971 4872Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 122 121 125 116 114 112Import Dependency (%) 81.9 % 86.5 % 84.5 % 84.3 % 81.8 % 80.8 %on Solid Fuels 105.9 % 104.6 % 99.4 % 100.9 % 96.1 % 96.7 %

on Hard Coal 105.6 % 105.7 % 99.7 % 101.5 % 96.0 % 96.8 %on Petroleum Fuels 93.3 % 96.1 % 91.8 % 93.5 % 91.0 % 90.1 %

on Crude and NGL 92.8 % 95.1 % 94.0 % 94.5 % 91.8 % 92.3 %on Natural Gas 63.9 % 81.1 % 84.7 % 90.5 % 90.2 % 90.2 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 10.6 % 12.3 % 13.5 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 10.7 % 12.5 % 12.8 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 20.2 % 23.7 % 27.6 %RE-T – Transport 4.6 % 4.7 % 5.8 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 455 474 504 441 430 402GHGs Emissions 540 564 590 516 504 475Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7998 8333 8601 7298 7086 6594Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2811 2723 2689 2526 2502 2461CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 365 347 351 311 302 289

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.12. Italy

200 201

Cyprus

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Solid Fuels

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Crude and NGLGases

of which Natural GasNuclearRenewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0Net Imports 2.0 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6Solid Fuels 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Hard Coal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Petroleum and Products 2.0 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.6

of which Crude and NGL 0.8 1.2Gases

of which Natural GasRenewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ElectricityGross Inland Consumption 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.5Solid Fuels 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Hard Coal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Petroleum and Products 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4

of which Crude and NGL 0.8 1.2Gases

of which Natural GasNuclearRenewables 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1ElectricityWastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0Primary Energy Intensity 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5Available for Final Consumption 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0Final Energy Consumption 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Petroleum and Products 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3GasesBiomass and Renewable Wastes 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4Derived heat 0.0 0.0 0.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2Transport 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0Households 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3Services 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Agriculture and Fishing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.13. Cyprus

Cyprus

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.7Combustible Fuels 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.6NuclearHydroWind 0.1 0.1 0.1Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0Tide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.5 3.4 4.4 5.3 4.9 4.7Solid FuelsPetroleum and Products 2.5 3.4 4.4 5.2 4.8 4.5GasesNuclearRenewables 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3Wastes, non-RESCogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.0 0.0 0.0CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.0 0.1 0.0CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 0.3 % 1.0 % 0.9 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 0.1 0.1 0.2Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 755 855 978 1033 1036 954

Motor Gasoline 196 221 325 418 413 399Gas/Diesel Oil 292 359 355 337 321 284

Final Consumption Biofuels 15 16 16BiogasolineBiodiesel 15 16 16

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 203 207 187 178 174 167Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3003 3460 3438 3289 3148 2904Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 3416 4317 5362 5886 5548 5103Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 196 200 181 173 170 164Import Dependency (%) 100.4 % 98.6 % 100.3 % 100.9 % 92.5 % 97.0 %on Solid Fuels 100.0 % 99.9 % 93.7 % 85.1 % 3.5 % 100.0 %

on Hard Coal 100.0 % 99.9 % 93.7 % 84.9 %on Petroleum Fuels 102.6 % 100.3 % 102.3 % 104.2 % 95.8 % 101.0 %

on Crude and NGL 96.3 % 98.5 %on Natural GasRES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 6.0 % 6.0 % 6.8 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 18.3 % 19.3 % 21.2 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 1.4 % 3.4 % 4.9 %RE-T – Transport 2.0 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 7 8 10 9 9 9GHGs Emissions 9 10 12 11 11 11Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 10430 12188 13070 11134 10677 9842Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3473 3522 3802 3385 3392 3389CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 704 729 710 603 590 566

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.13. Cyprus

202 203

Latvia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.3Solid Fuels 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Crude and NGLGases

of which Natural GasNuclearRenewables 1.4 1.4 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.3Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Net Imports 3.4 2.4 3.1 2.2 2.7 2.7Solid Fuels 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

of which Hard Coal 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Petroleum and Products 2.1 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6

of which Crude and NGLGases 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.4 1.4

of which Natural Gas 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.4 1.4Renewables -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6Electricity 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1Gross Inland Consumption 4.6 3.9 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.5Solid Fuels 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

of which Hard Coal 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Petroleum and Products 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4

of which Crude and NGLGases 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2

of which Natural Gas 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2NuclearRenewables 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.7Electricity 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1Primary Energy Intensity 4.6 3.8 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.4Available for Final Consumption 3.9 3.3 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.1Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Final Energy Consumption 3.8 3.3 4.0 4.3 3.9 4.0by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Petroleum and Products 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3Gases 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1SolarGeothermalElectricity 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6Derived heat 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

by SectorIndustry 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8Transport 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1Households 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4Services 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6Agriculture and Fishing 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.14. Latvia

Latvia

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.7Combustible Fuels 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0NuclearHydro 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6Wind 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1Solar PVGeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther Sources 0.0Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 4.0 4.1 4.9 6.6 6.1 6.2Solid Fuels 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Petroleum and Products 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Gases 0.5 1.1 1.5 3.0 3.0 2.1NuclearRenewables 2.9 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.1 4.1Wastes, non-RESCogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.6 0.9 0.9CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.5 3.0 2.9CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 30.7 % 45.0 % 47.4 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 11.9 10.4 9.3Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 699 734 1050 1163 1047 1018

Motor Gasoline 430 347 352 294 273 232Gas/Diesel Oil 242 340 613 728 628 621

Final Consumption Biofuels 3 27 25 22Biogasoline 8 8 6Biodiesel 3 19 17 15

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 692 443 355 382 333 329Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1860 1632 2051 2272 2126 2231Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 1797 1891 2559 2963 3007 3367Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 686 435 348 377 326 321Import Dependency (%) 70.4 % 61.0 % 63.9 % 44.3 % 59.9 % 56.4 %on Solid Fuels 61.4 % 46.1 % 94.3 % 102.8 % 100.3 % 95.1 %

on Hard Coal 92.9 % 82.5 % 96.7 % 106.6 % 102.3 % 99.3 %on Petroleum Fuels 102.6 % 94.8 % 102.2 % 94.4 % 101.8 % 101.7 %

on Crude and NGLon Natural Gas 99.0 % 101.9 % 105.6 % 61.8 % 109.4 % 113.8 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 32.5 % 33.5 % 35.8 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 43.8 % 44.7 % 47.3 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 42.1 % 44.7 % 44.9 %RE-T – Transport 3.3 % 3.5 % 3.3 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 10 7 9 10 9 9GHGs Emissions 13 10 12 13 12 12Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 3859 2988 3908 4604 4269 4209Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2074 1831 1905 2026 2008 1886CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 1436 812 677 775 670 620

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.14. Latvia

204 205

Lithuania

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 3.8 3.3 4.0 1.3 1.3 1.3Solid Fuels 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

of which Crude and NGL 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1Gases

of which Natural GasNuclear 3.1 2.2 2.7Renewables 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2Wastes, Non-RenewableNet Imports 5.5 4.2 5.0 5.7 5.8 5.8Solid Fuels 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

of which Hard Coal 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Petroleum and Products 3.6 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.4

of which Crude and NGL 3.1 4.6 8.9 9.0 9.0 8.6Gases 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7

of which Natural Gas 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7Renewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1Electricity -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6Gross Inland Consumption 8.6 7.1 8.7 6.8 7.0 7.1Solid Fuels 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

of which Hard Coal 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Petroleum and Products 3.0 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.5

of which Crude and NGL 3.1 4.8 9.3 9.1 9.2 8.7Gases 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7

of which Natural Gas 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7Nuclear 3.1 2.2 2.7Renewables 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2Electricity -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6Wastes, Non-RenewablePrimary Energy Intensity 8.1 6.4 7.9 6.1 5.8 5.9Available for Final Consumption 5.1 4.3 5.4 5.5 5.9 6.1Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.2Final Energy Consumption 4.6 3.8 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.8by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Petroleum and Products 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6Gases 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8SolarGeothermalElectricity 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8Derived heat 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9Wastes, Non-Renewable

by SectorIndustry 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0Transport 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6Households 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5Services 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6Agriculture and Fishing 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.15. Lithuania

Lithuania

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 5.9 5.7 4.6 3.6 3.7 4.2Combustible Fuels 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 3.1Nuclear 2.7 2.4 1.2Hydro 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9Wind 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3Solar PV 0.0GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther Sources 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 13.9 11.4 14.8 5.7 4.8 5.0Solid FuelsPetroleum and Products 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2Gases 0.2 1.6 3.0 3.2 2.7 2.9Nuclear 11.8 8.4 10.3Renewables 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.7 1.7 1.7Wastes, non-RESCogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.0 1.1 1.2CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.3 2.0 1.8CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 15.5 % 34.6 % 37.5 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 19.9 19.3 15.8Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 1031 1050 1405 1469 1467 1473

Motor Gasoline 618 390 351 296 258 231Gas/Diesel Oil 346 513 779 951 991 1026

Final Consumption Biofuels 3 45 45 61Biogasoline 1 10 10 8Biodiesel 3 34 35 52

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 753 490 415 307 299 292Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2380 2018 2621 2189 2312 2371Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 1751 1771 2401 2690 2833 2986Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 705 444 377 274 246 241Import Dependency (%) 63.1 % 59.4 % 56.8 % 81.8 % 81.6 % 80.3 %on Solid Fuels 63.9 % 87.4 % 93.9 % 91.3 % 104.9 % 89.2 %

on Hard Coal 69.1 % 100.0 % 102.5 % 95.4 % 111.5 % 95.6 %on Petroleum Fuels 114.5 % 100.3 % 91.9 % 98.7 % 91.4 % 93.0 %

on Crude and NGL 99.5 % 94.5 % 95.3 % 99.0 % 98.3 % 98.8 %on Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.6 % 99.7 % 100.3 % 100.1 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 19.8 % 20.2 % 21.7 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 33.2 % 33.7 % 35.5 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 7.4 % 9.0 % 10.9 %RE-T – Transport 3.6 % 3.7 % 4.8 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 16 12 15 14 15 15GHGs Emissions 23 20 24 22 22 22Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 4307 3485 4388 4611 4838 4939Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1809 1727 1674 2107 2093 2083CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 1362 846 695 646 625 607

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.15. Lithuania

206 207

Luxembourg

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Solid Fuels

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products

of which Crude and NGLGases 0.0 0.0

of which Natural Gas 0.0 0.0NuclearRenewables 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Net Imports 3.2 3.6 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3Solid Fuels 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

of which Hard Coal 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0Petroleum and Products 1.8 2.4 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.8

of which Crude and NGLGases 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1

of which Natural Gas 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1Renewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4Gross Inland Consumption 3.3 3.6 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.5Solid Fuels 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

of which Hard Coal 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0Petroleum and Products 1.8 2.3 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.8

of which Crude and NGLGases 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1

of which Natural Gas 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1NuclearRenewables 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Electricity 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Primary Energy Intensity 3.3 3.6 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.4Available for Final Consumption 3.2 3.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Final Energy Consumption 3.1 3.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Petroleum and Products 1.7 2.3 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.8Gases 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0GeothermalElectricity 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5Derived heat 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6Transport 1.3 1.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.6Households 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4Services 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5Agriculture and Fishing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.16. Luxembourg

Luxembourg

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8Combustible Fuels 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5NuclearHydro 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1Wind 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.2 1.2 4.1 4.6 3.7 3.8Solid FuelsPetroleum and Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Gases 0.3 0.2 3.1 2.9 2.3 2.4NuclearRenewables 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.4Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.1 0.1 0.1CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.4 0.4 0.4CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 10.1 % 9.6 % 12.1 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 1.2 3.2 3.1Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 1291 1909 2772 2552 2654 2519

Motor Gasoline 529 595 514 360 368 359Gas/Diesel Oil 569 990 1823 1760 1881 1786

Final Consumption Biofuels 1 42 46 49Biogasoline 1 6 1Biodiesel 41 39 47

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 176 143 158 142 137 134Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 8117 8328 10298 9137 8779 8381Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 12200 13215 13206 13015 12570 11787Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 174 142 158 141 136 133Import Dependency (%) 97.7 % 99.6 % 97.3 % 97.0 % 97.2 % 97.4 %on Solid Fuels 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %

on Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %on Petroleum Fuels 98.3 % 102.1 % 99.4 % 99.4 % 99.6 % 100.5 %

on Crude and NGLon Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.9 % 99.7 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 2.9 % 2.9 % 3.1 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 4.8 % 4.8 % 5.0 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 3.8 % 4.1 % 4.6 %RE-T – Transport 2.0 % 2.1 % 2.2 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 10 10 13 13 12 12GHGs Emissions 11 11 14 14 13 13Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 23875 22289 28781 24711 23792 22548Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2942 2677 2795 2705 2710 2691CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 518 384 443 383 371 360

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.16. Luxembourg

208 209

Hungary

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 13.9 11.6 10.4 11.1 10.8 10.6Solid Fuels 3.3 2.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 2.3 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.1

of which Crude and NGL 2.3 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.9Gases 3.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.8

of which Natural Gas 3.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.8Nuclear 3.6 3.7 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.1Renewables 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.9 1.9 2.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Net Imports 12.5 14.0 17.4 15.0 13.0 12.3Solid Fuels 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0

of which Hard Coal 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3Petroleum and Products 5.4 5.3 5.8 5.6 5.2 4.8

of which Crude and NGL 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.4Gases 5.5 7.3 9.8 7.7 6.1 6.1

of which Natural Gas 5.5 7.3 9.8 7.7 6.1 6.1Renewables 0.0 0.0 -0.2Electricity 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.7Gross Inland Consumption 26.2 25.3 27.6 25.8 25.1 23.6Solid Fuels 4.6 3.9 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7

of which Hard Coal 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3Petroleum and Products 7.7 7.0 7.1 6.7 6.4 5.9

of which Crude and NGL 8.2 7.5 7.3 6.6 6.8 6.4Gases 9.2 9.7 12.1 9.8 9.4 8.3

of which Natural Gas 9.2 9.7 12.1 9.8 9.4 8.3Nuclear 3.6 3.7 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.1Renewables 0.9 0.8 1.2 2.0 1.9 1.8Electricity 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.7Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Primary Energy Intensity 24.5 23.7 25.4 23.8 23.1 21.7Available for Final Consumption 18.2 17.7 20.4 18.6 18.1 16.9Final Non-Energy Consumption 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.9Final Energy Consumption 16.2 16.1 18.2 16.6 16.2 14.8by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5Petroleum and Products 4.2 4.2 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.1Gases 6.4 6.5 7.9 6.3 6.0 5.2Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.1Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Geothermal 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Electricity 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.8Derived heat 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 3.8 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.6Transport 2.7 3.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.0Households 6.3 5.6 6.5 5.7 5.5 5.1Services 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.1 2.8Agriculture and Fishing 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4Other 0.1 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.17. Hungary

Hungary

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 7.4 8.3 8.6 9.0 9.7 9.4Combustible Fuels 5.5 6.4 6.7 6.6 7.3 7.0Nuclear 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0Hydro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1Wind 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 34.0 35.2 35.8 37.4 36.0 34.6Solid Fuels 9.1 9.6 7.0 6.2 6.5 6.3Petroleum and Products 5.3 4.4 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2Gases 5.4 6.7 12.5 11.7 10.8 9.5Nuclear 14.0 14.2 13.8 15.8 15.7 15.8Renewables 0.2 0.2 1.9 3.0 2.7 2.6Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 2.1 1.9 1.8CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 6.8 7.3 6.0CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 19.1 % 19.6 % 16.6 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 47.4 42.2 35.1Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 2609 3220 4208 4070 3954 3718

Motor Gasoline 1530 1433 1589 1381 1264 1283Gas/Diesel Oil 897 1553 2323 2430 2426 2244

Final Consumption Biofuels 3 175 166 155Biogasoline 3 57 48 52Biodiesel 118 117 103

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 418 350 311 294 282 269Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2535 2478 2737 2581 2518 2374Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 2686 2883 3206 3421 3464 3308Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 392 328 287 272 259 247Import Dependency (%) 47.9 % 55.2 % 63.1 % 58.1 % 51.8 % 52.3 %on Solid Fuels 29.5 % 28.2 % 42.8 % 41.9 % 37.6 % 36.8 %

on Hard Coal 103.5 % 99.0 % 105.1 % 99.5 % 95.7 % 97.6 %on Petroleum Fuels 71.0 % 76.0 % 81.2 % 84.1 % 82.2 % 80.8 %

on Crude and NGL 71.9 % 78.6 % 81.2 % 85.2 % 85.5 % 84.7 %on Natural Gas 60.3 % 75.4 % 81.1 % 78.7 % 65.6 % 72.9 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 8.6 % 9.1 % 9.6 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 11.1 % 12.3 % 13.6 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 7.1 % 6.4 % 6.1 %RE-T – Transport 4.7 % 5.0 % 4.6 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 62 59 61 52 51 47GHGs Emissions 79 77 79 68 67 62Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5989 5753 6020 5235 5069 4694Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2363 2322 2199 2028 2013 1977CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 988 812 684 597 567 531

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.17. Hungary

210 211

Malta

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Solid Fuels

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.0

of which Crude and NGLGases

of which Natural GasNuclearRenewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Wastes, Non-RenewableNet Imports 0.8 1.5 1.6 2.4 2.3 2.0Solid Fuels

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.8 1.5 1.6 2.4 2.3 2.0

of which Crude and NGLGases

of which Natural GasRenewables 0.0 0.0ElectricityGross Inland Consumption 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8Solid Fuels

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8

of which Crude and NGLGases

of which Natural GasNuclearRenewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0ElectricityWastes, Non-RenewablePrimary Energy Intensity 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8Available for Final Consumption 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Final Energy Consumption 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5by Fuel/Product

Solid FuelsPetroleum and Products 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3GasesBiomass and Renewable Wastes 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0GeothermalElectricity 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2Derived heat 0.0 0.0Wastes, Non-Renewable

by SectorIndustry 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0Transport 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3Households 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Services 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1Agriculture and Fishing 0.0Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.18. Malta

Malta

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 0.6 0.6 0.6Combustible Fuels 0.6 0.6 0.6NuclearHydroWindSolar PV 0.0 0.0GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3Solid Fuels 0.1Petroleum and Products 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3GasesNuclearRenewables 0.0 0.0 0.0Wastes, non-RESCogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW)CHP Electricity Generation (TWh)CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%)CHP Heat Production (PJ)Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 308 277 199 281 282 272

Motor Gasoline 129 76 73 78 78 77Gas/Diesel Oil 106 78 38 101 98 94

Final Consumption Biofuels 1 2BiogasolineBiodiesel 1 2

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 204 173 197 172 163 148Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1999 2057 2408 2300 2207 1996Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 3333 4018 4849 3875 4358 4447Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 204 173 193 171 162 146Import Dependency (%) 104.7 % 100.2 % 99.9 % 99.1 % 100.7 % 100.5 %on Solid Fuels

on Hard Coalon Petroleum Fuels 104.8 % 100.3 % 100.0 % 99.2 % 100.8 % 100.8 %

on Crude and NGLon Natural GasRES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 0.4 % 0.7 % 1.4 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 4.3 % 7.8 % 13.0 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 0.1 % 0.6 % 1.1 %RE-T – Transport 1.0 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 3 4 7 6 7 7GHGs Emissions 3 4 7 7 8 7Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8039 10065 16702 15158 17407 16238Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 4022 4894 6935 6591 7887 8137CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 820 848 1368 1136 1289 1204

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.18. Malta

212 213

Netherlands

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 66.7 57.6 62.2 74.5 68.3 69.3Solid Fuels 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 3.6 2.4 2.3 6.3 5.6 6.2

of which Crude and NGL 3.6 2.4 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.5Gases 60.9 52.2 56.3 63.5 57.9 57.7

of which Natural Gas 60.9 52.2 56.3 63.5 57.9 57.7Nuclear 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0Renewables 0.9 1.3 1.9 2.9 3.1 3.8Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7Net Imports 14.9 33.8 37.1 30.5 28.2 29.2Solid Fuels 8.8 8.0 8.3 9.2 7.5 6.9

of which Hard Coal 9.0 8.0 8.2 9.1 7.4 6.7Petroleum and Products 31.5 41.4 47.8 45.2 43.2 45.7

of which Crude and NGL 59.5 61.0 61.7 60.9 57.0 57.9Gases -26.4 -17.2 -20.9 -24.2 -23.5 -24.6

of which Natural Gas -26.4 -17.2 -20.9 -24.2 -23.5 -24.6Renewables 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.3Electricity 1.0 1.6 1.6 0.2 0.8 1.5Gross Inland Consumption 72.7 75.6 81.5 86.6 80.2 81.8Solid Fuels 9.0 7.9 8.2 7.6 7.5 8.2

of which Hard Coal 9.2 7.8 8.2 7.4 7.3 7.9Petroleum and Products 26.0 28.2 32.5 34.6 32.5 33.9

of which Crude and NGL 63.5 62.5 63.8 62.3 59.4 59.6Gases 34.5 35.0 35.3 39.3 34.3 33.0

of which Natural Gas 34.5 35.0 35.3 39.3 34.3 33.0Nuclear 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0Renewables 0.9 1.2 2.2 3.1 3.3 3.5Electricity 1.0 1.6 1.6 0.2 0.8 1.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7Primary Energy Intensity 63.4 65.1 68.5 71.1 66.3 67.1Available for Final Consumption 57.3 61.0 64.8 70.4 64.6 66.4Final Non-Energy Consumption 9.2 10.5 13.0 15.5 13.9 14.7Final Energy Consumption 48.0 50.5 51.7 53.9 50.7 51.1by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5Petroleum and Products 14.1 16.5 17.4 18.2 18.3 17.9Gases 23.0 21.0 20.3 22.4 18.8 19.7Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.9Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 7.1 8.4 9.0 9.2 9.2 9.2Derived heat 1.9 2.9 3.0 2.1 2.1 1.9Wastes, Non-Renewable

by SectorIndustry 14.0 14.8 14.8 14.3 14.2 13.9Transport 12.4 14.3 15.2 15.0 15.2 14.8Households 10.9 10.3 10.1 11.5 9.8 10.3Services 7.0 7.2 8.0 9.8 8.3 8.7Agriculture and Fishing 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.5Other

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.19. Netherlands

Netherlands

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 19.0 21.1 21.8 26.7 28.0 29.9Combustible Fuels 18.2 20.1 20.0 23.7 25.0 26.5Nuclear 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5Hydro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Wind 0.3 0.4 1.2 2.2 2.3 2.4Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther Sources 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 80.9 89.6 100.2 118.1 113.0 102.5Solid Fuels 27.4 24.3 23.5 22.6 21.4 24.2Petroleum and Products 2.8 2.6 2.3 1.3 1.5 1.1Gases 44.4 54.4 61.3 77.4 71.8 58.8Nuclear 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9Renewables 1.4 3.0 7.4 11.2 12.3 12.5Wastes, non-RES 0.6 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 7.2 9.3 9.2CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 29.5 39.2 36.7CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 29.4 % 33.2 % 32.5 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 220.3 233.6 224.0Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 12282 14157 15059 14596 14749 14294

Motor Gasoline 4228 4236 4306 4167 4237 4151Gas/Diesel Oil 4604 5921 6651 6638 6607 6379

Final Consumption Biofuels 230 321 335Biogasoline 135 149 124Biodiesel 95 172 210

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 184 157 159 158 145 149Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4700 4746 4993 5214 4805 4882Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 5349 6142 6405 6433 6438 6356Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 161 135 133 129 120 123Import Dependency (%) 17.7 % 38.0 % 37.7 % 30.4 % 29.7 % 30.7 %on Solid Fuels 97.8 % 101.9 % 101.4 % 121.5 % 100.8 % 83.6 %

on Hard Coal 97.4 % 101.5 % 100.3 % 122.3 % 101.4 % 83.9 %on Petroleum Fuels 84.6 % 99.8 % 97.1 % 93.3 % 91.3 % 96.7 %

on Crude and NGL 93.8 % 97.7 % 96.7 % 97.6 % 95.9 % 97.2 %on Natural Gas -76.4 % -49.1 % -59.3 % -61.6 % -68.6 % -74.5 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 3.7 % 4.3 % 4.5 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 2.7 % 3.3 % 3.4 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 9.7 % 9.8 % 10.5 %RE-T – Transport 3.1 % 4.6 % 5.0 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 214 222 241 235 227 219GHGs Emissions 266 266 275 263 254 245Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 13824 13965 14764 14129 13582 13062Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2941 2942 2957 2710 2827 2676CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 542 462 469 427 409 400

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.19. Netherlands

214 215

Austria

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 8.8 9.8 10.0 12.2 11.6 12.8Solid Fuels 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Hard Coal 0.0Petroleum and Products 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

of which Crude and NGL 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9Gases 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

of which Natural Gas 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6NuclearRenewables 5.8 6.6 7.2 8.9 8.4 9.6Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7Net Imports 18.0 19.0 24.5 21.5 23.6 21.4Solid Fuels 2.6 3.0 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.3

of which Hard Coal 2.0 2.3 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.5Petroleum and Products 10.1 10.9 13.2 11.5 11.1 11.0

of which Crude and NGL 7.6 7.2 7.9 6.6 7.3 7.5Gases 5.4 5.3 7.2 6.1 8.0 6.4

of which Natural Gas 5.4 5.3 7.2 6.1 8.0 6.4Renewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.5Electricity -0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2Gross Inland Consumption 27.1 29.0 34.4 34.6 33.6 33.7Solid Fuels 3.5 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.5 3.2

of which Hard Coal 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.4Petroleum and Products 11.3 12.2 14.4 12.8 12.1 12.0

of which Crude and NGL 8.6 8.3 8.9 7.7 8.4 8.4Gases 6.4 6.5 8.2 8.2 7.8 7.4

of which Natural Gas 6.4 6.5 8.2 8.2 7.8 7.4NuclearRenewables 5.9 6.6 7.1 9.3 8.8 10.1Electricity -0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7Primary Energy Intensity 25.7 27.3 32.6 32.7 31.9 31.8Available for Final Consumption 22.7 25.4 29.9 30.3 29.2 29.2Final Non-Energy Consumption 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.9Final Energy Consumption 21.4 23.7 28.2 28.4 27.5 27.3by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1Petroleum and Products 8.9 9.8 12.1 10.5 10.0 9.8Gases 3.8 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.0Biomass and Renewable Wastes 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.8 3.6 3.7Solar 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 4.0 4.4 5.0 5.4 5.3 5.4Derived heat 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.8Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

by SectorIndustry 6.4 7.3 8.8 9.1 9.3 9.1Transport 5.8 7.0 9.1 8.7 8.5 8.4Households 6.3 6.3 6.8 7.0 6.5 6.6Services 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.6Agriculture and Fishing 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6Other

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.20. Austria

Austria

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 17.4 17.8 18.9 21.2 22.6 22.9Combustible Fuels 6.1 6.1 6.5 7.3 8.2 8.2NuclearHydro 11.3 11.6 11.6 12.7 13.0 13.1Wind 0.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Tide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 56.2 61.3 66.4 71.1 65.8 72.6Solid Fuels 4.3 5.7 7.2 4.9 5.4 4.4Petroleum and Products 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.7Gases 9.8 8.9 14.3 16.1 14.3 11.5NuclearRenewables 40.0 44.8 43.0 48.2 44.4 55.1Wastes, non-RES 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.8Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 3.3 3.2 3.7CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 10.1 11.0 10.3CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 15.4 % 15.4 % 15.7 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 95.8 110.6 96.4Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 5460 6531 8561 7791 7604 7518

Motor Gasoline 2429 2016 2109 1700 1639 1608Gas/Diesel Oil 2553 3907 5744 5359 5193 5168

Final Consumption Biofuels 10 16 50 485 487 479Biogasoline 68 66 68Biodiesel 10 16 50 417 420 411

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 140 128 140 132 125 124Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3406 3617 4176 4138 4011 3994Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 5877 6433 7088 7445 7416 7477Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 133 121 133 125 119 117Import Dependency (%) 66.4 % 65.4 % 71.3 % 62.2 % 70.1 % 63.6 %on Solid Fuels 75.7 % 83.9 % 99.3 % 99.9 % 93.1 % 102.6 %

on Hard Coal 88.3 % 91.6 % 106.9 % 97.5 % 88.8 % 104.0 %on Petroleum Fuels 89.3 % 89.1 % 91.4 % 89.3 % 91.2 % 91.5 %

on Crude and NGL 87.6 % 86.9 % 88.5 % 86.1 % 86.8 % 88.7 %on Natural Gas 84.8 % 80.6 % 87.7 % 74.4 % 103.2 % 86.3 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 30.8 % 30.8 % 32.1 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 30.7 % 30.9 % 32.8 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 64.9 % 65.0 % 65.5 %RE-T – Transport 8.6 % 7.6 % 7.7 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 65 68 81 74 73 70GHGs Emissions 81 82 95 87 85 82Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8216 8456 9898 8906 8651 8290Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2412 2338 2370 2152 2157 2076CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 338 300 332 284 270 257

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.20. Austria

216 217

Poland

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 99.4 79.9 78.9 67.6 68.6 71.9Solid Fuels 91.1 71.3 68.9 55.4 55.8 57.8

of which Hard Coal 78.2 59.2 56.1 43.8 43.2 45.1Petroleum and Products 0.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1

of which Crude and NGL 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7Gases 3.2 3.3 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.8

of which Natural Gas 3.2 3.3 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8NuclearRenewables 3.9 3.8 4.5 6.9 7.4 8.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6Net Imports -1.2 8.8 15.9 31.6 33.9 30.1Solid Fuels -21.2 -16.4 -13.0 -2.8 -0.6 -3.5

of which Hard Coal -18.9 -13.8 -9.7 1.8 4.0 1.1Petroleum and Products 14.5 19.1 21.5 25.2 24.8 23.7

of which Crude and NGL 11.9 17.4 17.5 22.3 23.2 24.2Gases 5.8 6.6 8.5 8.9 9.6 10.0

of which Natural Gas 5.8 6.6 8.5 8.9 9.6 10.0Renewables -0.1 0.4 0.5 0.2Electricity -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2Gross Inland Consumption 98.8 89.0 92.5 100.9 101.2 98.0Solid Fuels 70.3 56.3 54.6 54.6 54.6 50.6

of which Hard Coal 59.7 46.4 45.6 47.9 46.8 42.4Petroleum and Products 15.0 19.0 21.7 25.7 25.7 24.8

of which Crude and NGL 12.3 17.5 18.0 22.7 23.9 24.9Gases 9.0 10.0 12.2 12.8 12.8 13.6

of which Natural Gas 9.0 10.0 12.2 12.8 12.8 13.6NuclearRenewables 3.9 3.8 4.5 7.3 8.0 8.6Electricity -0.2 -0.5 -1.0 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6Primary Energy Intensity 95.1 84.6 88.0 96.0 96.3 93.3Available for Final Consumption 67.3 59.1 63.5 71.9 71.1 68.1Final Non-Energy Consumption 3.7 4.4 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.6Final Energy Consumption 62.9 55.7 58.3 66.3 63.9 63.6by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 22.6 13.5 11.5 13.3 11.8 12.0Petroleum and Products 11.6 15.5 17.8 20.6 20.6 19.9Gases 7.8 7.5 8.7 9.5 9.1 9.2Biomass and Renewable Wastes 3.7 3.5 3.8 5.2 5.5 5.4Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 7.7 8.5 9.1 10.2 10.5 10.5Derived heat 8.8 6.9 7.1 7.0 5.8 6.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6

by SectorIndustry 23.0 19.0 16.6 15.3 15.0 14.9Transport 8.3 9.9 12.5 17.6 17.8 17.3Households 22.7 17.2 18.3 21.1 19.0 19.6Services 4.2 5.0 6.4 8.5 8.4 8.2Agriculture and Fishing 4.8 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.7Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.21. Poland

Poland

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 29.5 30.6 32.3 33.4 34.6 35.3Combustible Fuels 27.4 28.4 29.8 29.9 30.4 30.4NuclearHydro 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4Wind 0.0 0.1 1.1 1.8 2.6Solar PV 0.0 0.0GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 139.0 145.2 156.9 157.7 163.5 162.1Solid Fuels 131.8 135.9 142.2 136.6 139.9 134.7Petroleum and Products 1.5 1.9 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.0Gases 1.5 2.7 6.4 6.7 7.6 8.1NuclearRenewables 3.9 4.3 5.4 11.5 13.6 17.3Wastes, non-RES 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 8.3 8.7 8.8CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 26.3 27.7 27.1CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 16.8 % 17.6 % 16.6 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 275.4 277.1 263.5Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 7891 9459 11911 16217 16371 15942

Motor Gasoline 4610 5319 4230 4234 4004 3822Gas/Diesel Oil 2796 3396 5657 9647 10097 9798

Final Consumption Biofuels 49 886 934 823Biogasoline 34 189 179 154Biodiesel 15 698 755 669

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 613 424 379 328 315 299Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2582 2326 2425 2620 2627 2542Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 2343 2578 2762 3092 3164 3183Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 590 403 360 312 299 285Import Dependency (%) -1.2 % 9.8 % 17.2 % 31.2 % 33.4 % 30.7 %on Solid Fuels -30.2 % -29.1 % -23.9 % -5.2 % -1.1 % -6.9 %

on Hard Coal -31.7 % -29.9 % -21.3 % 3.7 % 8.6 % 2.5 %on Petroleum Fuels 95.9 % 98.7 % 97.5 % 97.0 % 95.9 % 94.7 %

on Crude and NGL 97.1 % 99.1 % 97.3 % 98.4 % 97.2 % 97.1 %on Natural Gas 64.6 % 66.3 % 69.7 % 69.3 % 75.1 % 73.8 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 9.3 % 10.4 % 11.0 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 11.9 % 13.4 % 13.7 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 6.6 % 8.2 % 10.7 %RE-T – Transport 6.3 % 6.5 % 6.1 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 362 320 320 332 330 323GHGs Emissions 442 398 401 410 408 401Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9463 8376 8394 8615 8556 8381Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3665 3601 3462 3288 3257 3297CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 2245 1526 1311 1078 1025 985

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.21. Poland

218 219

Portugal

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 3.4 3.9 3.6 5.6 5.3 4.6Solid Fuels

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products

of which Crude and NGLGases 0.1 0.0

of which Natural GasNuclearRenewables 3.3 3.8 3.5 5.4 5.1 4.4Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2Net Imports 18.0 22.1 24.8 18.6 18.8 18.1Solid Fuels 3.8 3.9 3.2 1.6 2.1 3.0

of which Hard Coal 3.8 4.0 3.2 1.6 2.1 3.0Petroleum and Products 14.1 16.0 17.1 12.4 12.1 10.7

of which Crude and NGL 13.0 11.6 13.5 11.4 10.5 11.3Gases 2.0 3.9 4.5 4.5 3.9

of which Natural Gas 2.0 3.9 4.5 4.5 3.9Renewables -0.2 -0.2 -0.2Electricity 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.7Gross Inland Consumption 20.6 25.3 27.5 24.3 23.6 22.2Solid Fuels 3.6 3.8 3.3 1.7 2.2 2.9

of which Hard Coal 3.6 3.8 3.3 1.7 2.2 2.9Petroleum and Products 13.6 15.5 16.2 12.3 11.4 10.0

of which Crude and NGL 13.0 11.8 13.4 11.5 10.4 11.3Gases 0.1 2.1 3.8 4.5 4.5 3.9

of which Natural Gas 2.0 3.8 4.5 4.5 3.9NuclearRenewables 3.3 3.8 3.5 5.5 5.1 4.4Electricity 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.7Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2Primary Energy Intensity 18.6 22.9 24.9 22.6 21.9 20.9Available for Final Consumption 15.9 20.2 21.7 19.8 19.0 17.5Final Non-Energy Consumption 2.1 2.4 2.6 1.7 1.8 1.3Final Energy Consumption 13.9 17.9 19.0 18.1 17.3 16.2by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0Petroleum and Products 8.3 10.7 10.8 9.3 8.5 7.9Gases 0.1 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6Biomass and Renewable Wastes 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 2.5 3.3 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.0Derived heat 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

by SectorIndustry 4.9 6.3 5.8 5.5 5.3 4.7Transport 4.9 6.6 7.2 7.3 6.9 6.5Households 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7Services 0.9 1.4 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8Agriculture and Fishing 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.22. Portugal

Portugal

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 9.4 10.9 13.4 18.9 19.9 19.8Combustible Fuels 4.9 6.3 7.3 9.9 9.9 9.4NuclearHydro 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.1 5.5 5.7Wind 0.0 0.1 1.1 3.8 4.3 4.4Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Tide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 33.3 43.8 46.6 54.1 52.5 46.6Solid Fuels 13.4 14.6 15.2 7.1 9.8 13.1Petroleum and Products 10.3 8.4 8.8 3.0 2.7 2.2Gases 0.1 7.2 13.6 14.9 14.9 10.7NuclearRenewables 9.5 13.3 8.6 28.8 24.7 20.4Wastes, non-RES 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.1 1.3 1.4CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 5.4 6.4 6.6CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 11.6 % 11.8 % 12.7 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 59.6 67.2 69.3Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 4913 6604 7137 6940 6539 6130

Motor Gasoline 2022 2272 1935 1450 1306 1180Gas/Diesel Oil 2273 3523 4286 4366 4088 3790

Final Consumption Biofuels 309 293 275Biogasoline 3Biodiesel 305 289 268

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 172 171 178 153 151 147Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2057 2473 2604 2283 2223 2099Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 2872 3753 4391 4690 4553 4371Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 154 155 161 142 140 138Import Dependency (%) 85.3 % 85.1 % 88.6 % 75.1 % 77.6 % 79.5 %on Solid Fuels 105.8 % 102.9 % 96.3 % 98.3 % 97.3 % 103.3 %

on Hard Coal 105.9 % 103.4 % 96.3 % 98.3 % 97.3 % 103.3 %on Petroleum Fuels 100.6 % 99.4 % 102.3 % 97.5 % 100.8 % 100.9 %

on Crude and NGL 100.0 % 99.0 % 100.2 % 98.8 % 100.7 % 100.0 %on Natural Gas 100.3 % 103.8 % 100.4 % 101.6 % 99.7 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 24.2 % 24.5 % 24.6 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 33.7 % 35.0 % 33.0 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 40.7 % 45.9 % 47.6 %RE-T – Transport 5.6 % 0.4 % 0.4 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 57 69 73 57 56 55GHGs Emissions 74 88 92 75 74 74Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5689 6784 6922 5332 5252 5210Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2765 2744 2658 2336 2363 2483CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 474 469 473 358 356 364

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.22. Portugal

220 221

Romania

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 32.3 28.5 28.2 27.8 27.9 27.4Solid Fuels 7.9 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.7 6.3

of which Hard Coal 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Petroleum and Products 6.8 6.4 6.2 4.6 4.5 4.2

of which Crude and NGL 6.7 6.3 5.6 4.5 4.5 4.1Gases 14.4 11.0 9.7 8.6 8.7 8.7

of which Natural Gas 14.4 11.0 9.7 8.6 8.7 8.7Nuclear 1.4 1.4 3.0 3.0 3.0Renewables 2.8 4.0 5.0 5.7 5.0 5.2Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Net Imports 14.0 8.0 10.8 7.8 7.9 8.0Solid Fuels 2.9 1.9 2.9 1.2 1.1 1.3

of which Hard Coal 3.0 1.6 2.4 0.5 0.6 0.8Petroleum and Products 6.4 3.4 4.0 4.8 4.4 4.5

of which Crude and NGL 8.3 4.8 8.9 6.0 5.7 5.2Gases 4.8 2.7 4.2 1.8 2.5 2.3

of which Natural Gas 4.8 2.7 4.2 1.8 2.5 2.3Renewables 0.1 0.1 -0.1Electricity 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.0Gross Inland Consumption 46.3 36.6 39.2 35.8 36.6 35.4Solid Fuels 10.8 7.5 8.8 7.0 8.2 7.6

of which Hard Coal 3.7 1.7 2.4 0.5 0.6 0.8Petroleum and Products 13.1 10.0 10.3 9.3 9.3 8.8

of which Crude and NGL 15.1 11.0 14.4 10.7 10.3 9.2Gases 19.2 13.7 13.9 10.8 11.1 10.8

of which Natural Gas 19.2 13.7 13.9 10.8 11.1 10.8Nuclear 1.4 1.4 3.0 3.0 3.0Renewables 2.8 4.0 4.9 5.9 5.1 5.2Electricity 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Primary Energy Intensity 45.1 34.8 36.7 34.3 34.8 33.6Available for Final Consumption 30.4 25.0 26.9 24.8 24.7 24.2Final Non-Energy Consumption 1.2 1.9 2.5 1.5 1.7 1.7Final Energy Consumption 27.0 22.8 24.7 22.6 22.8 22.7by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 1.6 1.0 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.8Petroleum and Products 5.7 5.5 6.6 6.2 6.7 6.7Gases 10.3 6.9 7.8 6.2 6.2 6.2Biomass and Renewable Wastes 1.3 2.7 3.2 4.0 3.6 3.8Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.6Derived heat 4.7 3.6 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 15.1 9.3 10.0 6.9 7.1 6.8Transport 3.1 3.5 4.3 5.1 5.3 5.3Households 6.3 8.4 8.0 8.1 7.9 8.1Services 0.5 0.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8Agriculture and Fishing 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5Other 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.23. Romania

Romania

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 6.0 6.1 19.0 19.9 20.5 21.8Combustible Fuels 12.0 11.6 11.6 11.9Nuclear 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.4Hydro 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.5Wind 0.0 0.4 1.0 1.8Solar PV 0.0 0.0GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 59.3 51.9 59.4 61.0 62.2 59.0Solid Fuels 20.6 18.9 21.9 20.7 24.8 22.9Petroleum and Products 5.8 3.4 1.9 0.7 0.8 0.8Gases 16.0 9.0 9.8 7.3 8.4 8.7Nuclear 5.5 5.6 11.6 11.7 11.5Renewables 16.7 14.8 20.2 20.7 16.5 15.2Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.0Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.3 4.6 2.2CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 15.6 6.5 7.3CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 26.2 % 10.8 % 11.7 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 95.4 69.0 71.9Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 2912 3273 4103 4882 5022 5012

Motor Gasoline 1082 1321 1600 1412 1346 1331Gas/Diesel Oil 1583 1756 2298 3172 3367 3450

Final Consumption Biofuels 115 195 218Biogasoline 47 47 59Biodiesel 67 138 159

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 751 606 491 395 394 379Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2042 1634 1839 1768 1815 1760Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 1603 1513 1823 2041 2120 2109Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 731 575 460 378 375 360Import Dependency (%) 30.3 % 21.8 % 27.6 % 21.9 % 21.6 % 22.7 %on Solid Fuels 26.5 % 25.6 % 33.4 % 17.6 % 13.8 % 16.6 %

on Hard Coal 81.7 % 96.0 % 102.2 % 100.8 % 96.7 % 97.4 %on Petroleum Fuels 48.6 % 34.2 % 38.5 % 51.9 % 47.0 % 51.4 %

on Crude and NGL 54.9 % 43.5 % 61.3 % 56.5 % 55.1 % 56.6 %on Natural Gas 24.9 % 19.8 % 30.1 % 16.8 % 22.2 % 21.2 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 23.2 % 21.2 % 22.9 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 27.2 % 24.3 % 25.7 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 30.4 % 31.1 % 33.6 %RE-T – Transport 3.1 % 2.0 % 4.1 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 127 93 100 80 86 84GHGs Emissions 176 135 142 116 122 119Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5599 4158 4675 3971 4272 4195Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2741 2545 2542 2246 2354 2384CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 2060 1544 1249 886 927 903

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.23. Romania

222 223

Slovenia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.5Solid Fuels 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Crude and NGL 0.0 0.0Gases 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Natural Gas 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Nuclear 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4Renewables 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Net Imports 3.1 3.4 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.6Solid Fuels 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

of which Hard Coal 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2Petroleum and Products 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7

of which Crude and NGL 0.5 0.1Gases 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

of which Natural Gas 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7Renewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1Electricity -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1Gross Inland Consumption 6.1 6.5 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.0Solid Fuels 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4

of which Hard Coal 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2Petroleum and Products 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5

of which Crude and NGL 0.5 0.1Gases 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

of which Natural Gas 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7Nuclear 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4Renewables 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0Electricity -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Primary Energy Intensity 6.0 6.2 7.0 7.0 7.2 6.9Available for Final Consumption 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.0Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1Final Energy Consumption 4.1 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0Petroleum and Products 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4Gases 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1Derived heat 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2Transport 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.9Households 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2Services 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Agriculture and Fishing 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.24. Slovenia

Slovenia

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4Combustible Fuels 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3Nuclear 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7Hydro 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3WindSolar PV 0.0 0.1 0.1GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 12.9 13.6 15.1 16.4 16.1 15.7Solid Fuels 4.6 4.6 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1Petroleum and Products 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Gases 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5Nuclear 4.8 4.8 5.9 5.7 6.2 5.5Renewables 3.3 3.9 3.6 4.9 4.0 4.5Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.3 0.3 0.3CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.1 1.1 1.1CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 7.3 % 6.9 % 7.1 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 15.0 11.6 11.0Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 1334 1236 1476 1746 1855 1842

Motor Gasoline 880 860 698 600 582 526Gas/Diesel Oil 433 350 754 1111 1241 1282

Final Consumption Biofuels 45 35 51Biogasoline 3 4 5Biodiesel 42 31 46

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 312 268 255 231 231 228Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3053 3243 3661 3527 3547 3406Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 4698 5289 6368 5840 6141 6101Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 306 258 244 224 227 224Import Dependency (%) 50.9 % 52.8 % 52.5 % 49.4 % 48.1 % 51.6 %on Solid Fuels 13.6 % 18.7 % 21.0 % 19.2 % 17.5 % 21.5 %

on Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.6 % 93.7 % 101.4 % 94.6 % 117.9 %on Petroleum Fuels 97.8 % 101.5 % 101.3 % 100.0 % 100.1 % 105.0 %

on Crude and NGL 95.9 % 87.0 %on Natural Gas 100.6 % 99.3 % 99.6 % 99.3 % 99.8 % 99.8 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 19.2 % 19.4 % 20.2 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 25.5 % 28.7 % 30.6 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 32.1 % 30.8 % 31.4 %RE-T – Transport 2.8 % 2.1 % 2.9 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 15 15 17 16 16 16GHGs Emissions 19 19 20 20 20 19Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7576 7681 8408 7941 7966 7731Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2481 2369 2297 2251 2246 2270CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 775 635 586 519 518 517

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.24. Slovenia

224 225

Slovakia

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 5.1 6.4 6.7 6.3 6.6 6.6Solid Fuels 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

of which Crude and NGL 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Gases 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

of which Natural Gas 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Nuclear 3.0 4.3 4.6 3.8 4.0 4.0Renewables 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.4Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Net Imports 12.1 12.0 12.4 11.2 11.2 10.0Solid Fuels 4.1 3.4 3.7 3.0 3.0 3.1

of which Hard Coal 3.1 3.1 3.5 2.6 2.7 2.8Petroleum and Products 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0

of which Crude and NGL 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.8 5.2Gases 4.5 5.7 5.7 5.0 4.9 3.9

of which Natural Gas 4.5 5.7 5.7 5.0 4.9 3.9Renewables 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1Electricity 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0Gross Inland Consumption 17.7 18.3 19.0 17.9 17.4 16.7Solid Fuels 5.4 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.5

of which Hard Coal 3.3 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.7 2.6Petroleum and Products 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4

of which Crude and NGL 5.0 5.9 5.6 5.3 5.8 5.2Gases 5.2 5.8 5.9 5.0 4.6 4.4

of which Natural Gas 5.2 5.8 5.9 5.0 4.6 4.4Nuclear 3.0 4.3 4.6 3.8 4.0 4.0Renewables 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.4Electricity 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Primary Energy Intensity 16.8 16.9 17.8 16.8 16.2 15.7Available for Final Consumption 12.2 12.7 12.8 12.6 12.0 11.3Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0Final Energy Consumption 11.0 11.0 11.6 11.5 10.8 10.3by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4Petroleum and Products 1.6 1.7 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3Gases 4.1 4.7 4.5 4.1 3.5 3.4Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1Derived heat 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3Transport 1.4 1.5 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.3Households 2.0 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.1Services 2.7 2.2 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.5Agriculture and Fishing 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1Other

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.25. Slovakia

Slovakia

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 7.2 7.5 8.3 7.9 8.4 8.4Combustible Fuels 3.2 2.4 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.4Nuclear 1.8 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.9 1.9Hydro 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5Wind 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Solar PV 0.0 0.5 0.5GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther Sources 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 26.8 31.2 31.5 27.9 28.7 28.7Solid Fuels 6.5 5.6 5.5 3.6 3.6 3.4Petroleum and Products 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5Gases 2.9 3.9 2.6 2.7 3.6 3.3Nuclear 11.4 16.5 17.7 14.6 15.4 15.5Renewables 5.2 5.0 4.8 6.3 5.4 5.8Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.9 2.8 2.5CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 4.8 4.4 7.0CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 15.3 % 15.9 % 24.5 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 33.7 20.1 26.2Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 1294 1372 1731 2093 2056 1997

Motor Gasoline 512 605 667 600 570 555Gas/Diesel Oil 742 740 1011 1450 1411 1371

Final Consumption Biofuels 11 98 98 91Biogasoline 24 20 18Biodiesel 11 74 78 73

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 691 604 494 369 349 329Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3304 3389 3532 3290 3224 3089Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 4052 4075 4242 4445 4596 4428Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 655 559 461 348 325 310Import Dependency (%) 68.5 % 65.5 % 65.3 % 62.9 % 64.1 % 60.0 %on Solid Fuels 76.7 % 80.2 % 88.4 % 75.7 % 81.8 % 89.7 %

on Hard Coal 92.9 % 103.8 % 105.2 % 91.9 % 98.0 % 105.9 %on Petroleum Fuels 100.6 % 90.5 % 88.2 % 88.7 % 90.0 % 89.7 %

on Crude and NGL 101.5 % 97.6 % 97.7 % 99.9 % 100.2 % 99.3 %on Natural Gas 86.8 % 98.8 % 97.5 % 99.9 % 104.8 % 89.8 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 9.0 % 10.3 % 10.4 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 7.8 % 9.1 % 8.7 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 17.8 % 19.3 % 20.1 %RE-T – Transport 4.8 % 5.0 % 4.8 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 45 41 42 38 37 35GHGs Emissions 53 49 50 46 45 43Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8330 7606 7795 6919 6922 6536Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2521 2244 2207 2103 2147 2116CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 1743 1356 1091 777 750 697

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.25. Slovakia

226 227

Finland

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 13.1 15.2 17.0 17.9 17.6 17.7Solid Fuels 2.0 1.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.0

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7

of which Crude and NGLGases 0.0 0.0

of which Natural Gas 0.0 0.0Nuclear 5.0 5.8 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.9Renewables 6.1 7.8 8.2 9.4 9.1 9.9Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2Net Imports 15.8 18.2 19.0 17.9 19.1 15.5Solid Fuels 3.8 3.5 3.3 4.0 4.6 2.6

of which Hard Coal 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.7 4.3 2.4Petroleum and Products 8.4 10.2 10.7 9.2 10.0 8.4

of which Crude and NGL 8.5 11.6 10.6 11.2 11.7 11.3Gases 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.0

of which Natural Gas 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.0Renewables -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0Electricity 0.7 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.5Gross Inland Consumption 29.3 32.4 34.5 37.1 35.5 34.1Solid Fuels 6.1 5.1 4.9 6.9 5.7 4.6

of which Hard Coal 4.1 3.3 2.9 4.3 3.4 2.8Petroleum and Products 8.6 9.2 10.3 10.1 10.0 9.0

of which Crude and NGL 9.0 11.4 10.8 11.1 11.8 11.2Gases 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.0

of which Natural Gas 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.0Nuclear 5.0 5.8 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.9Renewables 6.1 7.8 8.1 9.3 9.1 9.9Electricity 0.7 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2Primary Energy Intensity 28.2 31.4 33.4 35.8 34.4 33.1Available for Final Consumption 21.8 24.9 26.6 27.6 26.6 25.9Final Non-Energy Consumption 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0Final Energy Consumption 21.8 24.6 25.3 26.4 25.1 25.3by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8Petroleum and Products 7.5 7.9 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.2Gases 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9Biomass and Renewable Wastes 3.9 4.5 4.2 4.8 4.7 5.0Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0GeothermalElectricity 5.6 6.5 6.9 7.2 6.9 6.9Derived heat 2.1 3.3 4.0 4.7 4.2 4.3Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 9.8 12.3 12.0 11.4 11.2 10.9Transport 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.8Households 5.4 4.5 5.0 5.7 5.0 5.4Services 1.0 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9Agriculture and Fishing 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8Other 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.4

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.26. Finland

Finland

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 14.4 16.3 16.5 16.7 16.8 16.9Combustible Fuels 9.3 10.7 10.7 10.6 10.6 10.7Nuclear 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8Hydro 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2Wind 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 64.0 70.0 70.6 80.7 73.5 70.4Solid Fuels 16.6 12.5 11.0 20.8 15.2 10.8Petroleum and Products 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3Gases 7.2 10.8 11.9 11.8 10.0 7.2Nuclear 19.2 22.5 23.3 22.8 23.2 23.0Renewables 19.5 23.4 23.5 24.2 24.2 28.5Wastes, non-RES 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.8 6.2 6.2CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 27.5 29.2 26.6CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 38.9 % 36.2 % 36.2 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 250.0 272.8 255.0Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 4041 4212 4573 4624 4661 4473

Motor Gasoline 1938 1751 1838 1533 1441 1388Gas/Diesel Oil 1646 1935 2165 2420 2443 2346

Final Consumption Biofuels 142 197 266Biogasoline 80 88 90Biodiesel 63 109 176

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 268 235 219 226 210 204Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5733 6264 6581 6911 6590 6296Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 12768 14620 15390 15564 14861 14916Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 257 227 212 218 204 198Import Dependency (%) 53.5 % 55.1 % 54.2 % 48.0 % 53.4 % 45.4 %on Solid Fuels 63.4 % 68.9 % 67.7 % 57.8 % 80.9 % 57.7 %

on Hard Coal 89.0 % 97.7 % 102.6 % 85.5 % 126.2 % 85.8 %on Petroleum Fuels 94.7 % 103.5 % 98.4 % 89.4 % 97.3 % 92.5 %

on Crude and NGL 94.1 % 101.5 % 97.5 % 101.1 % 98.9 % 100.9 %on Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 32.4 % 32.7 % 34.3 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 44.1 % 45.7 % 48.1 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 27.6 % 29.4 % 29.5 %RE-T – Transport 3.8 % 0.4 % 0.4 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 60 60 59 66 59 53GHGs Emissions 73 72 72 77 69 63Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 11718 11581 11330 12268 10944 9786Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2044 1849 1722 1775 1661 1554CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 547 434 378 401 349 317

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.26. Finland

228 229

Sweden

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 31.4 30.1 34.3 32.8 33.0 35.8Solid Fuels 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

of which Hard CoalPetroleum and Products 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

of which Crude and NGL 0.0Gases 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which Natural GasNuclear 18.0 14.8 18.7 14.9 15.6 16.5Renewables 12.8 14.7 14.8 17.0 16.5 18.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Net Imports 20.4 20.4 19.5 19.3 18.6 14.7Solid Fuels 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4 1.7

of which Hard Coal 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.6Petroleum and Products 17.1 16.8 16.7 15.1 15.7 13.7

of which Crude and NGL 19.2 22.0 19.5 19.6 18.7 20.2Gases 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.0

of which Natural Gas 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.0RenewablesElectricity -0.1 0.4 -0.6 0.2 -0.6 -1.7Gross Inland Consumption 51.5 48.9 51.0 50.8 49.7 49.8Solid Fuels 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.2

of which Hard Coal 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.9Petroleum and Products 16.8 15.4 14.1 14.2 14.0 12.7

of which Crude and NGL 19.4 21.8 19.4 19.8 18.6 20.4Gases 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.0

of which Natural Gas 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.0Nuclear 18.0 14.8 18.7 14.9 15.6 16.5Renewables 12.8 14.7 14.8 17.0 16.5 18.5Electricity -0.1 0.4 -0.6 0.2 -0.6 -1.7Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Primary Energy Intensity 49.5 47.2 48.7 48.7 47.8 48.0Available for Final Consumption 36.7 36.2 35.2 36.9 36.1 35.3Final Non-Energy Consumption 2.0 1.7 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8Final Energy Consumption 35.1 35.0 33.7 34.1 32.4 32.4by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0Petroleum and Products 13.9 13.3 11.4 10.0 9.7 9.0Gases 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8Biomass and Renewable Wastes 5.1 5.3 4.7 5.7 6.0 6.1Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0GeothermalElectricity 10.7 11.1 11.2 11.3 10.7 10.9Derived heat 3.5 3.6 4.2 5.1 4.1 4.5Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.0

by SectorIndustry 13.8 14.3 12.6 12.2 11.9 11.7Transport 7.8 8.2 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.3Households 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.6 7.0 7.4Services 4.9 4.4 4.3 5.0 4.5 4.5Agriculture and Fishing 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.27. Sweden

Sweden

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 33.6 33.7 33.4 36.5 35.2 37.8Combustible Fuels 7.3 7.5 7.1 8.7 6.5 8.4Nuclear 10.1 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.3 9.4Hydro 16.2 16.5 16.3 16.7 16.6 16.4Wind 0.1 0.2 0.5 2.0 2.8 3.6Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0GeothermalTide, Wave and OceanOther SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 148.4 145.3 158.4 148.6 150.4 166.6Solid Fuels 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.8 1.3 0.9Petroleum and Products 3.9 1.5 1.4 1.8 0.8 0.6Gases 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.8 2.3 1.3Nuclear 69.9 57.3 72.4 57.8 60.5 64.0Renewables 70.6 83.2 81.3 82.2 84.2 98.4Wastes, non-RES 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.3Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 3.5 5.1 4.0CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 10.7 18.5 15.1CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 6.7 % 12.5 % 10.0 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 132.7 187.2 171.5Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 7550 7907 8217 7959 7783 7455

Motor Gasoline 4559 4265 4142 3320 3057 2776Gas/Diesel Oil 2100 2671 3154 3653 3743 3763

Final Consumption Biofuels 134 376 430 518Biogasoline 127 202 202 205Biodiesel 7 174 229 313

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 234 187 171 157 149 148Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5831 5511 5647 5415 5261 5231Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 14112 14509 14474 13991 13189 13371Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 225 181 163 151 144 143Import Dependency (%) 38.9 % 40.7 % 36.8 % 36.6 % 36.2 % 28.7 %on Solid Fuels 95.4 % 98.2 % 97.2 % 102.2 % 94.4 % 78.2 %

on Hard Coal 101.5 % 107.7 % 104.3 % 115.2 % 101.0 % 81.5 %on Petroleum Fuels 95.6 % 100.8 % 104.0 % 93.6 % 99.9 % 95.4 %

on Crude and NGL 99.3 % 100.6 % 100.4 % 99.0 % 100.5 % 99.3 %on Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 47.2 % 48.8 % 51.0 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 60.9 % 62.5 % 65.6 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 56.0 % 59.9 % 60.0 %RE-T – Transport 7.2 % 9.4 % 12.6 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 64 61 62 61 57 54GHGs Emissions 79 75 76 74 69 66Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7240 6856 6839 6514 5992 5635Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1242 1244 1211 1203 1139 1077CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 291 233 207 189 170 160

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.27. Sweden

230 231

United Kingdom

Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Production 256.5 268.5 204.4 147.6 129.1 117.1Solid Fuels 32.1 18.7 11.9 10.8 10.9 10.0

of which Hard Coal 32.1 18.7 11.9 10.8 10.9 10.0Petroleum and Products 135.7 127.9 87.9 63.8 52.8 46.0

of which Crude and NGL 134.4 127.8 87.6 63.6 52.7 45.9Gases 63.7 97.6 79.4 51.5 40.8 35.0

of which Natural Gas 63.7 97.6 79.4 51.5 40.8 35.0Nuclear 22.9 21.9 21.1 16.0 17.8 18.2Renewables 1.8 2.3 3.6 5.2 6.2 7.1Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.8Net Imports -36.8 -39.2 31.6 60.8 72.6 86.6Solid Fuels 10.5 14.5 27.2 15.8 19.7 27.0

of which Hard Coal 10.3 14.4 26.7 16.1 20.0 27.2Petroleum and Products -49.3 -45.6 -2.7 11.2 19.9 26.1

of which Crude and NGL -43.7 -41.8 -0.2 9.6 21.7 26.1Gases 0.6 -9.3 6.0 32.0 31.0 31.2

of which Natural Gas 0.6 -9.3 6.0 32.0 31.0 31.2Renewables 0.4 1.6 1.5 1.3Electricity 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 1.0Gross Inland Consumption 222.3 230.6 234.0 211.2 197.3 202.3Solid Fuels 47.2 36.5 37.7 30.5 30.6 38.8

of which Hard Coal 47.1 36.6 37.3 30.9 31.3 39.0Petroleum and Products 83.6 81.0 84.4 72.4 69.7 68.7

of which Crude and NGL 91.6 87.1 87.2 73.4 74.8 71.3Gases 65.1 87.4 85.5 84.8 70.2 66.4

of which Natural Gas 65.1 87.4 85.5 84.8 70.2 66.4Nuclear 22.9 21.9 21.1 16.0 17.8 18.2Renewables 1.8 2.3 4.0 6.8 7.7 8.4Electricity 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 1.0Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.8Primary Energy Intensity 209.8 219.2 222.8 203.0 189.7 195.4Available for Final Consumption 157.1 163.8 165.3 150.8 138.8 141.6Final Non-Energy Consumption 12.5 11.3 11.2 8.2 7.6 6.9Final Energy Consumption 142.7 153.2 152.8 141.3 130.9 134.0by Fuel/Product

Solid Fuels 8.2 6.0 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.8Petroleum and Products 61.0 63.7 65.9 58.6 57.4 56.8Gases 47.1 52.2 50.4 47.1 39.0 42.8Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.9 0.6 0.6 2.1 2.0 1.9Solar 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Electricity 25.3 28.3 30.0 28.3 27.3 27.3Derived heat 2.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

by SectorIndustry 34.9 36.9 33.4 27.5 26.4 26.0Transport 47.7 52.9 55.5 50.9 50.9 50.1Households 39.3 43.0 44.2 44.6 35.9 39.7Services 16.3 16.9 16.7 16.2 15.7 16.1Agriculture and Fishing 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9Other 3.2 2.4 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.28. United Kingdom

United Kingdom

1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

Installed Capacity (GW) 70.1 78.4 82.4 93.7 92.9 94.5Combustible Fuels 52.9 61.2 64.7 72.9 70.3 69.5Nuclear 12.8 12.5 11.9 10.9 10.7 9.9Hydro 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4Wind 0.2 0.4 1.6 5.4 6.5 8.9Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.7GeothermalTide, Wave and Ocean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Other SourcesGross Electricity Generation (TWh) 334.0 377.1 398.4 381.8 367.5 363.8Solid Fuels 153.8 120.0 134.6 107.7 108.6 143.2Petroleum and Products 17.3 8.4 5.3 4.8 3.1 3.1Gases 65.1 150.4 154.3 176.8 147.3 101.1Nuclear 89.0 85.1 81.6 62.1 69.0 70.4Renewables 8.4 12.7 19.9 29.0 37.6 44.2Wastes, non-RES 0.4 0.5 2.6 1.4 1.9 1.9Cogeneration Heat and PowerCHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.4 6.1 6.1CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 27.2 23.6 23.2CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 6.8 % 6.2 % 6.3 %CHP Heat Production (PJ) 185.2 155.5 153.9Transport Fuels (ktoe)Final Consumption Petroleum Products 46975 52154 55072 49406 49517 48820

Motor Gasoline 23543 23167 19975 15598 14851 14153Gas/Diesel Oil 15322 17754 21497 21852 22203 22882

Final Consumption Biofuels 80 1130 1045 882Biogasoline 54 319 330 392Biodiesel 25 811 715 490

Main Energy IndicatorsEnergy Intensity (toe/M€'05) 166 143 125 111 103 105Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3830 3915 3885 3392 3145 3175Final Electricity per Capita (KWh/cap) 5079 5594 5789 5281 5067 4985Primary Efficiency (toe/M€'05) 156 136 119 107 99 102Import Dependency (%) -16.4 % -16.9 % 13.4 % 28.3 % 36.2 % 42.2 %on Solid Fuels 22.2 % 39.6 % 72.1 % 51.8 % 64.1 % 69.5 %

on Hard Coal 21.8 % 39.4 % 71.5 % 52.0 % 63.7 % 69.8 %on Petroleum Fuels -57.4 % -54.9 % -3.2 % 14.8 % 27.1 % 36.3 %

on Crude and NGL -47.7 % -48.0 % -0.2 % 13.1 % 29.0 % 36.6 %on Natural Gas 1.0 % -10.7 % 7.0 % 37.7 % 44.2 % 47.0 %RES of the Gross Final Energy (%)Overall RES with Aviation Cap 3.3 % 3.8 % 4.2 %

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 1.7 % 2.3 % 2.3 %RES-E – Electricity Generation 7.4 % 8.8 % 10.8 %RE-T – Transport 3.1 % 2.7 % 3.7 %

Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2)CO2 Emissions 579 591 601 543 504 521GHGs Emissions 752 727 718 647 606 622Main Emissions IndicatorsCO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9981 10030 9978 8715 8038 8182Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2606 2562 2569 2569 2556 2577CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'05) 431 366 322 286 263 271

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

PART 5 Country ProfilesEU Energy in Figures

5.28. United Kingdom

Appendices

235

Summary

Appendices – Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Appendices – Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Appendix 12 – Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Appendices – Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Appendix 13 – Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Appendices

236 237

Country nomenclature

Inte

rinst

itutio

nal

Styl

e G

uide

(ISG

) Co

untr

y Co

de

ISG

Sh

ort N

ame

EN

ISG

Shor

t Nam

e,

Sour

ce

Lang

uage

*

ISG

Pro

toco

l O

rder

ISO

316

6

Alph

a-2

Coun

try

Code

s

Euro

stat

Part

ner C

ode

ESTA

T –

Ener

gy

Num

eric

Cod

e

BE Belgium Belgique / België 1 BE 0012 09BG Bulgaria Bulgaria* 2 BG 0068 82CZ Czech Republic Česká republika 3 CZ 0061 22DK Denmark Danmark 4 DK 0008 10DE Germany Deutschland 5 DE 0004 04EE Estonia Eesti 6 EE 0053 85IE Ireland Éire / Ireland 7 IE 0007 12

EL Greece Elláda 8 GR 0009 11ES Spain España 9 ES 0042 15FR France France 10 FR 0001 06HR Croatia Hrvatska 11 HR 0092 84

IT Italy Italia 12 IT 0005 07CY Cyprus Kýpros 13 CY 0600 21LV Latvia Latvija 14 LV 0055 24LT Lithuania Lietuva 15 LT 0054 25LU Luxembourg Luxembourg 16 LU 0022 13

HU Hungary Magyarország 17 HU 0064 23MT Malta Malta 18 MT 0085 27NL Netherlands Nederland 19 NL 0003 08AT Austria Österreich 20 AT 0038 16PL Poland Polska 21 PL 0060 87PT Portugal Portugal 22 PT 0040 14RO Romania România 23 RO 0066 83

SI Slovenia Slovenija 24 SI 0091 86SK Slovakia Slovensko 25 SK 0063 26FI Finland Suomi / Finland 26 FI 0032 18

SE Sweden Sverige 27 SE 0030 17UK United Kingdom United Kingdom 28 GB 0006 05

* Latin Transliteration EU Interinstitutional Style Guide (ISG): http://publications.europa.eu/code/ Eurostat Website: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/ ISO 3166 Country Codes Maintenance Agency: http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm

Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 1

Country Nomenclature

Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 2

Main Indicators – EN

Main Indicators – EN

ESTAT Energy databaseIndicator Code

EN

B_100100 Primary productionB_100200 Recovered productsB_100300 ImportsB_100400 Stock ChangesB_100500 ExportsB_100600 Net importsB_101700 Final energy consumptionB_100800 BunkersB_100900 Gross inland consumptionB_101000 Transformation inputB_101100 Transformation outputB_101200 Exchanges, Transfers, ReturnsB_101300 Consumption in Energy SectorB_101400 Distribution LossesB_101500 Energy available for final consumptionB_101700 Final Energy ConsumptionB_101800 Final Energy Consumption – IndustryB_101805 Iron and SteelB_101815 Chemical and PetrochemicalB_101820 Non-Metallic MineralsB_101825 Mining and QuarryingB_101830 Food and TobaccoB_101835 Textile and LeatherB_101840 Paper, Pulp and PrintB_101851 Wood and Wood ProductsB_101852 ConstructionB_101900 Final energy consumption – transportB_101910 Final energy consumption – rail transportB_101920 Final energy consumption – road transportB_101930 Final energy consumption – air transportB_101940 Final energy consumption – inland navigationB_102000 Final energy consumption – households, commerce, etcB_102010 ResidentialB_102030 Final energy consumption – agricultureB_102035 Final energy consumption – servicesB_102020 Final energy consumption – fisheriesB_102040 Final energy consumption – other sectorsB_102200 Statistical Difference

Source: Coded, Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

238 239Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 3

Main Indicators – DE

Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 4

Main Indicators – FR

Main Indicators – DE

ESTAT Energy database Indicator Code

DE

B_100100 PrimärerzeugungB_100200 WiedergewinnungB_100300 GesamteinfuhrenB_100400 Bestandsveränderungen B_100500 GesamtausfuhrenB_100600 NettoeinfuhrenB_101700 Energetischer EndverbrauchB_100800 Bunker B_100900 BruttoinlandsverbrauchB_101000 UmwandlungseinsatzB_101100 UmwandlungsausstoßB_101200 Austausch, Übertragung, RückläufeB_101300 Verbrauch des Produktionsbereichs EnergieB_101400 NetzverlusteB_101500 Für den Endverbrauch zur Verfügung stehende EnergieB_101700 Energetischer EndverbrauchB_101800 Energetischer Endverbrauch der IndustrieB_101805 Energetischer Endverbrauch der StahlindustrieB_101810 Energetischer Endverbrauch der NE-MetallindustrieB_101815 Energetischer Endverbrauch der chemischen IndustrieB_101820 Energetischer Endverbrauch der chemischen Industrie

B_101825 Energetischer Endverbrauch der Nahrungs- und Genussmittelindustrie

B_101830 Energetischer Endverbrauch der Nahrungs- und Genussmittelindustrie

B_101835 Energetischer Endverbrauch der Textil-, Lederwaren- und Bekleidungsindustrie

B_101840 Energetischer Endverbrauch der Papier- und DruckindustrieB_101851 Energetischer Endverbrauch der HolzB_101852 Energetischer Endverbrauch – BaugewerbeB_101900 Energetischer Endverbrauch im VerkehrssektorB_101910 Energetischer Endverbrauch des BahnverkehrsB_101920 Energetischer Endverbrauch des StrassenverkehrsB_101930 Energetischer Endverbrauch des LuftverkehrsB_101940 Energetischer Endverbrauch der Binnenschifffahrt B_102000 Energetischer Endverbrauch der Privathaushalte, des Handels usw..B_102010 Energetischer Endverbrauch der PrivathaushalteB_102030 Energetischer Endverbrauch der Landwirtschaft B_102035 Energetischer Endverbrauch des DienstleistungssektorsB_102020 Energetischer Endverbrauch des FischereisektorsB_102040 Energetischer Endverbrauch anderer SektorenB_102200 Statistische Differenz

Source: Coded, Eurostat Datenbank für Konzepte und Begriffe http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

Main Indicators – FR

ESTAT Energy Database Indicator Code

FR

B_100100 Production primaireB_100200 RécupérationB_100300 Importations totales B_100400 Variations de stocksB_100500 Exportations totalesB_100600 Importations nettesB_101700 Consommation finale énergétiqueB_100800 Soutes maritimes B_100900 Consommation intérieure bruteB_101000 Entrées en transformation B_101100 Sorties de transformationB_101200 Echanges, transferts, restitutionsB_101300 Consommation de la branche énergie B_101400 Pertes sur les réseaux B_101500 Disponible pour la consommation finale B_101700 Consommation finale énergétiqueB_101800 Consommation finale énergétique – industrieB_101805 Consommation finale énergétique – sidérurgieB_101810 Consommation finale énergétique – métaux non ferreux B_101815 Consommation finale énergétique – ChimieB_101820 Consommation finale énergétique – ChimieB_101825 Consommation finale énergétique – alimentation, boissons, tabacB_101830 Consommation finale énergétique – alimentation, boissons, tabacB_101835 Consommation finale énergétique – textile, cuir, habillement B_101840 Consommation finale énergétique – papier, carton, imprimerie B_101851 Consommation finale énergétique – BoisB_101852 Consommation finale énergétique – ConstructionB_101900 Consommation finale énergétique – transportsB_101910 Consommation finale énergétique – transports ferroviairesB_101920 Consommation finale énergétique – transports routiers B_101930 Consommation finale énergétique – transports aériens B_101940 Consommation finale énergétique – navigation intérieureB_102000 Consommation finale énergétique – foyers, etc.B_102010 Consommation finale énergétique – ménagesB_102030 Consommation finale énergétique – agricultureB_102035 Consommation finale énergétique – servicesB_102020 Consommation finale énergétique – pêche B_102040 Consommation finale énergétique – autresB_102200 Ecart statistique

Source: Coded, Base de Données de Concepts et Définitions d’Eurostat http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

240 241Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 6

Main Products – DE

Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 5

Main Products – EN

Main Products – DE

ESTAT Energy DatabaseProduct Code

DE

0000 Alle produkte2000 Feste Brennstoffe2100 Steinkohle und Nebenprodukte2111 Steinkohle2112 Steinkohlebriketts2120 Koks2200 Braunkohle und Nebenprodukte3000 Rohöl und Mineralölerzeugnisse3100 Rohöl und Feedstocks3105 Rohöl 3110 Rohöl und Erdgaskondensate3190 Feedstocks3200 Alle Mineralölerzeugnisse3220 Flüssiggas3230 Motorenbenzin3234 Unverbleites Benzin3240 Petroleum und Flugturbinenkraftstoffe3250 Rohbenzin3260 Dieselkraftstoffe und Destillatheizöle3270A Rückstandsheizöle4000 Gas4100 Naturgas4200 Abgeleitete Gase4100 Kernenergie5200 Abgeleitete Wärme5500 Erneuerbare Energien5510 Wasserkraftenergie5520 Windenergie5530 Sonnenenergie5535 Gezeiten-/ Wellen-/ Meeresenergie5540 Biomasse und Abfälle5541 Holz und Holzabfälle5542 Biogas55431 Hausmüll Erneuerbare5545 Biotreibstoff5546 Biobenzin5547 Biodiesel5550 Geothermische Energie6000 Elektrizität7100 Industrieabfälle

Source: Coded, Eurostat Datenbank für Konzepte und Begriffe http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

Main Products – EN

ESTAT Energy Database Product Code

EN

0000 All products2000 Solid fuels2100 Hard coal & derivatives2111 Hard coal2112 Patent fuels2120 co*ke2200 Lignite & derivatives3000 Total petroleum and products3100 Crude oil & feedstocks3105 Crude oil3110 Crude oil and NGL3190 Feedstocks3200 All petroleum product3220 LPG3230 Motor spirit3234 Motor gasoline, Unleaded motor spirit3240 Kerosenes – jet fuels3250 Naphtha3260 Gas / diesel oil3270A Residual fuel oil4000 Gas4100 Natural gas4200 Derived gas5100 Nuclear power5200 Derived heat5500 Renewable energies5510 Hydro power 5520 Wind energy5530 Solar energy5535 Tide/wave/ocean energy5540 Biomass & wastes5541 Wood & wood waste5542 Biogas55431 Municipal solid wastes – RES5545 Biofuels5546 Biogasoline5547 Biodiesel5550 Geothermal energy6000 Electrical energy7100 Industrial waste

Source: Coded, Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

242 243Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 8

Symbols and Abbreviations

Symbols and Abbreviations

% per cent€ euro0 zero or figure less than half of the unit representedbbl barrelbcm billion cubic metresBlank data not availableCHP combined heat & powerCO2 carbon dioxideDG Directorate-General of the European CommissionEEA European Environment Agencyequiv. equivalentESTAT Eurostat, Statistical Office of the European UnionGCV gross calorific valueGDP gross domestic productGHG greenhouse gasGJ gigajouleIEA International Energy Agencyk thousandkgoe kilogram of oil equivalentktoe kiloton of oil equivalentkton kilotonkWh kilowatt hourLPG liquefied petroleum gas

M€ '2005 millions of euro, chain-linked volumes, reference year 2005, at 2005 exchange rates

m3 cubic metreMio millionMS European Union Member StateMSW municipal solid wasteMtoe million ton of oil equivalentMW megawattMWh megawatt hourNCV net calorific valueNGL natural gas liquidp/cap per capitaPJ petajoulePV photovoltaicRES renewable energyRES-E renewable energy – electricity generationRES-H&C renewable energy – heating and coolingRE-T renewable energy – transportSI Units International System of UnitsTJ terajouletoe ton of oil equivalentton metric ton, metric tonne, mtTPES Total Primary Energy SupplyTWh terawatt hourUNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeVAT value added tax

Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 7

Main Products – FR

Main Products – FR

ESTAT Energy Database Product Code

FR

0000 Tous produits2000 Combustibles solides2100 Houille et dérivés solides2111 Houille2112 Agglomérés de houille2120 co*ke2200 Lignite et dérivés3000 Pétrole brut et produits pétroliers3100 Pétrole brut et feedstocks3105 Pétrole brut3110 Pétrole brut et Liquides de gaz naturel3190 Feedstocks3200 Tous produits pétroliers3220 GPL3230 Essences moteurs3234 Essences sans plomb3240 Pétrole lampant et carburéacteurs3250 Naphta3260 Gasoil et fuel oil fluide3270A Fuel oil résiduel4000 Gaz4100 Gaz naturel4200 Gaz dérivés5100 Energie nucléaire5200 Chaleur dérivée5500 Energies renouvelables5510 Hydro-électricité5520 Energie éolienne5530 Energie solaire5535 Énergie hydrocinétique/houlomotrice/marémotrice5540 Biomasse/déchets5541 Bois – déchets de bois5542 Biogaz55431 Déchets urbains solide renouvelables5545 Biocarburants5546 Bioessence5547 Biodiesel5550 Energie géothermique6000 Energie électrique7100 Déchets industriels

Source: Coded, Base de Données de Concepts et Définitions d’Eurostat http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WELC

244 245Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 9

SI Units – Prefixes

SI Units – Prefixes

Standard Prefixes for the SI Units of Measure

Multiple Sub-multiple

101 deca (da) 10 -1 deci (d)102 hecto (h) 10 -2 centi (c)103 kilo (k) 10 -3 milli (m)106 mega (M) 10 -6 micro (µ)109 giga (G) 10 -9 nano (n)1012 tera (T) 10 -12 pico (p)1015 peta (P) 10 -15 femto (f )1018 exa (E) 10 -18 atto (a)1021 zetta (Z) 10 -21 zepto (z)1024 yotta (Y) 10 -24 yocto (y)

Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 10

Conversion Factors

Conversion Factors

Energy

To: TJ Gcal Mtoe GWh

From multiply byTerajoule (TJ) 1 238.8 2.388 x 10 -5 0.2778Gigacalorie (Gcal) 4.1868 x 10 -3 1 1 x 10 -7 1.163 x 10 -3

Million ton of oil equivalent (Mtoe) 4.1868 x 104 1 x 107 1 11 630

Gigawatt-hour GWh 3.6 860 8.6 x 10 -5 1

Volume

To: l bbl gal US gal UK

From multiply byLitre (l) 1 0.6290 x 10 -2 0.2642 0.2200Barrel (bbl) 158.99 1 42 34.9723US gallon (gal US) 3.7854 0.2381 x 10 -1 1 0.8327UK gallon (gal UK) 4.5461 0.2859 x 10 -1 1.2009 1

Mass

To: t lt st

From multiply byTon, Tonne (t) 1 0.9842 1.1023Long ton (lt) UK 1.0160 1 1.1200Short ton (st) US 0.9072 0.8929 1

246 247Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

Glossary

In parenthesis, EUROSTAT Energy database/EUROBASE, (Energy section)

codes for products (p:) and indicators (B_), as of June 2014.

All FuelsThe code “all fuels”, (p:0000), covers all energy products. These consist

of hard coal and derivatives, lignite and derivatives, peat and derivatives,

oil shale and oil sands, petroleum (crude oil) and petroleum products (such

as LPG, refinery gas, motor spirit, kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel

oil), natural gas, manufactured gases, derived heat, renewable energies

(such as hydro power, wind energy, biomass, wastes, geothermal energy),

electrical energy and nuclear power.

Annual Installed CapacityAnnual installed or new installed capacity of a given source refers to the

capacity that entered into operation, over a one-year period.

Autoproducer Thermal Power StationsAutoproducer thermal power stations are defined as undertakings which

generate electricity wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which

supports their primary activity.

Available for Final Consumption (Energy)Energy available for final consumption covers the energy placed at

the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: gross

inland consumption (B_100900) + transformation output (B_101100)

– transformation input (B_101000) + exchanges, transfers, returns

(B_101200) – consumption of the energy sector (B_101300) – distribution

losses (B_101400).

BiofuelsLiquid or gaseous fuels used primarily for transport, produced from

biomass, and wastes (p:5545). Liquid biofuels cover bioethanol (ethanol

produced from biomass), biodiesel (diesel produced from biomass or used

fried oil), biomethanol, biodimethylether and bio-oil (a pyrolysis oil fuel

produced from biomass).

The code biofuels (p:5545), groups biogasoline (p:5546), biodiesel

(p:5547), bio jet kerosene (p:5549) and other liquid biofuels (p:5548).

Appendices – MethodologyAppendix 11

Average Calorific Values

Average Calorific Values

Average Calorific Values, Energy Content

kJ (NCV) kgoe (NCV)

Hard Coal 1 kg 17200 – 30700 0.411 – 0.733Recovered Hard Coal 1 kg 13800 – 28300 0.330 – 0.676Patent Fuels 1 kg 26800 – 31400 0.640 – 0.750Hard co*ke 1 kg 28500 0.681Brown Coal 1 kg 5600 – 10500 0.134 – 0.251Black Lignite 1 kg 10500 – 21000 0.251 – 0.502Peat 1 kg 7800 – 13800 0.186 – 0.330Brown Coal Briquettes 1 kg 20000 0.478Tar 1 kg 37700 0.900Benzol 1 kg 39500 0.943Oil Equivalent 1 kg 41868 1Crude Oil 1 kg 41600 – 42800 0.994 – 1.022Feedstocks 1 kg 42500 1.015Refinery Gas 1 kg 50000 1.194LPG 1 kg 46000 1.099Motor Spirit 1 kg 44000 1.051Kerosenes, Jet Fuel 1 kg 43000 1.027Naphtha 1 kg 44000 1.051Gas Diesel Oil 1 kg 42300 1.010Residual Fuel Oil 1 kg 40000 0.955White Spirit 1 kg 44000 1.051Lubricants 1 kg 42300 1.010Bitumen 1 kg 37700 0.900Petroleum co*kes 1 kg 31400 0.750Other Petro. Products 1 kg 30000 0.717Electrical Energy 1 kWh 3600 0.086

248 249Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

Cumulative Installed Capacity The running sum for consecutive periods of a given installed source.

It indicates the total capacity availability in each of those periods.

Electricity MixThe electricity mix is the proportion of different sources in electricity

production. Where energy mix is measured at gross inland consumption

level, electricity mix is measured at energy transformation level.

Energy Available for Final ConsumptionEnergy available for final consumption, (B_101500), covers the energy

placed at the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows:

gross inland consumption + transformation output – transformation input

+ exchanges, transfers, returns – consumption of the energy sector –

distribution losses. It includes final non energy consumption, (B_101600).

Energy Import DependencyEnergy dependency shows the extent to which a country relies upon

imports in order to meet its energy needs. It is calculated using the

following formula: net imports (B_100300–B_100500) / (gross inland

consumption (B_100900) +bunkers (B_100800)).

Energy IntensityEnergy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy

is being used to produce added value. It is defined as the ratio of Gross

Inland Consumption of energy (B_100900), to Gross Domestic Product.

Energy MixThe energy mix is the proportion of different sources in energy production,

supply side, at gross inland consumption level.

Energy Sector Broad DefinitionThis includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply

sector as well as the energy commodities production activities, mining

and extraction, support activities and manufacture of energy products.

Energy Sector Narrow DefinitionThis includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector.

Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

Biomass and RES WastesBiomass and RES wastes (p:5540), covers organic, non-fossil material

of biological origin, which may be used for heat production or electricity

generation. They comprise wood and wood waste (p:5541), biogas

(p:5542), municipal RES solid waste (p:55431), charcoal (p:5544) and

biofuels (p:5545).

The non-renewable part of municipal waste (p:55432) and the industrial

waste (p:7100) are included in Wastes, non-RES (p:7200).

Capacity Factor – Annual AverageThis is a measure of efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of actual energy

output of a source against its annual maximum potential output, or in

other words, against the energy it would produce if operated at full rated

power for 24 hours per day during a year. It is equal to the total annual

energy production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to the

average statistical year base.

Carbon Energy IntensityThis is the average emission rate of CO2 relative to the intensity of the

energy activity. It is calculated, in the tables, in kg CO2 emissions per ton of

oil equivalent of energy used.

Carbon GDP IntensityThe average emission rate of CO2 emissions of an economy relative to its GDP.

CHP – Combined Heat and PowerA combined heat and power unit is an installation in which energy released

from fuel combustion is partly used for generating electrical energy and

partly for supplying heat for various purposes.

The definition of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) or “cogeneration” implies

that heat and electricity are produced simultaneously in one process.

CO2 Energy IntensitySee Carbon Energy Intensity.

Conventional Thermal PowerThis is a technology for the production of electricity by fuel combustion. It will

include biomass use, which is also considered a renewable source of electricity.

Thermal power stations cover conventional public utility power stations

for the production of electricity and heat, as well as autoproducer power

stations for the generation of electricity and heat sold to third parties only.

250 251Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

GHG – Greenhouse GasGHG includes gases that contribute to the natural greenhouse effect.

The Kyoto Protocol covers a basket of six GHGs produced by human

activities: Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons,

perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride.

Gross Calorific Value (GCV)The gross calorific value is the total amount of heat released by a unit

quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when

the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This

quantity includes the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained

in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any

hydrogen contained in the fuel.

Gross Electricity GenerationThe gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main

transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and

in transformers is included.

Gross Electricity Generation Penetration LevelElectricity penetration level refers to the fraction of gross electricity

production of a source, compared with the total gross electricity

generation, all sources.

Gross Final Consumption of Energy Gross final consumption of energy means the energy commodities

delivered for energy purposes, including the consumption of electricity and

heat, by the energy branch for electricity and heat production including

losses of electricity and heat in distribution. It excludes the final non

energy use (FNEC).

The gross (overall) final consumption of energy from renewable sources

is calculated as the sum of: (a) gross final consumption of electricity from

renewable energy sources; (b) gross final consumption of energy from

renewable sources for heating and cooling; and (c) final consumption of

energy from renewable sources in transport.

Gross Heat ProducedThis is the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network

heat exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary

energy form. Autoproducers’ heat used by the undertaking for its own processes

is not included here. Only heat sold to third parties should be reported.

Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

EUROBASEThe Eurostat, web based, dissemination database contains the full range

of publically available data from Eurostat.

Final Energy Consumption (FEC)Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s

door for all energy uses, (B_101700). It excludes deliveries to the energy

transformation sector (B_101000…) and to the energy industries

themselves (B_101300…). It is the sum of final energy consumption by

industry (B_101800), transport (B_101900), household (B_102010),

services (B_102035), agriculture/forestry (B_102030), fishing (B_102020)

and other unspecified (B_102040).

Final Energy Consumption – TransportFinal energy consumption – transport, (B_101900), covers the consumption

in all types of transportation, i.e., rail, road, air transport and inland

navigation.

Final Non-Energy Consumption (FNEC)Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products for

non-energy purposes (B_101600). It is the sum of final non-energy

consumption in the chemical industry, (B_101601) and in non-chemical

industries (B_101602).

Gases, Gaseous FuelsGases covers fossil natural gas and derived gases, co*ke oven gas (p:4210),

blast furnace gas (p:4220), gas work gas (p:4230), and oxygen steel

furnace gas (p:4240). Gases (p:4000) is the sum of natural gas (p:4100)

and derived gases (p:4200).

GDP – Gross Domestic ProductThe gross domestic product is the value of the output of all goods and

services produced within the borders of a country.

The income measure of gross domestic product (GDP) is derived as

compensation of employees plus gross operating surplus plus gross mixed

incomes plus taxes less subsidies on both production and imports.

GDP at Constant Market PricesGDP values used were referenced to the year 2005, in millions of euro,

chain-linked volumes, at 2005 exchange rates.

252 253Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

The data can be broken down along many dimensions including age, sex,

educational attainment, and distinctions between permanent/temporary

and full-time/part-time employment. In terms of employment, figures

are more representative of the total sector, but unfortunately not so

disaggregated as the SBS survey.

Long Scale – Short ScaleThe long and short scales are two of several different large-number

naming systems used for integer powers of ten.

Many countries, including most in continental Europe, use the long scale

whereas most English-speaking countries and Arabic-speaking countries

use the short scale.

In the long scale every new term greater than a million is a million times

the previous term. Thus, billion means a million million, trillion means a

million billion, and so on.

In the short scale every new term greater than a million is 1 000 times

the previous term. Thus, billion means a thousand million, trillion means

a thousand billion.

Name

Long ScaleValue in

Scientific notation

Short ScaleValue in

Scientific notationmillion 106 106

billion 1012 109

trillion 1018 1012

to the next to the nextmultiply by 1 000 000 multiply by 1 000

Milliard is used in several languages that use the long scale to represent a value corresponding

to billions in short scale, i.e. 109.

NACENACE is the acronym used to designate the various statistical classifications

of economic activities developed since 1970 in the European Union.

It provides the framework for collecting and presenting a large range of

statistical data according to economic activity in the fields of economic statistics

(e.g. production, employment, national accounts) and in other statistical domains.

Net Calorific Value (NCV)The net calorific value is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel,

when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products of combustion

are returned to ambient temperature. This quantity does not include the heat of

condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel or of the water vapour

formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel.

Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

Gross Inland Consumption (GIC)Gross inland consumption represents the quantity of energy necessary to

satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration,

(B_100900). It is calculated using the following formula: indigenous

production (B_100100) + primary product receipts (B_100110) + recovered

products from other sources (B_100200) + recycled products (B_100210)

+ imports (B_100300) + stock changes (B_100400) – exports (B_100500)

– international marine bunkers (B_100800).

Gross Installed (Electricity) CapacityCovers the gross installed electrical capacity of thermal, nuclear, hydro,

geothermal, wind and any other types of power plants.

Intermittent EnergyAn intermittent energy source is any source of energy that is not

continuously available due to some factor outside direct control. Solar,

Wind and Tide energy sources are considered intermittent. Due to Tide

data disaggregation difficulties, tables only consider Solar and Wind

energy sources.

ISICThe International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic

Activities is a United Nations system for classifying economic activity

data, in the fields of production, employment, gross domestic product and

other statistical areas.

ISG

The Interinstitutional style guide is intended to serve as a reference

tool for written works for all European Union institutions, bodies and

organisations, representing an achievement in linguistic harmonisation.

InhabitantsThe group of persons fulfilling the requirements for legal permanent

residency in a region/country.

LFSThe EU Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a large sample survey among private

households which provides detailed annual and quarterly data on:

Employment, Unemployment and Inactivity.

The LFS is an important source of information about the situation and trends in the

EU labour market, with a sample size being about 1.5 million people every quarter.

254 255Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

> Liquid fossil fuels: Petroleum and petroleum sub products

Quantities of fuels extracted or produced within national boundaries,

including off-shore production. Production includes only marketable

production, and excludes any quantities returned to formation. Production

includes all crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL), condensates and oil from

shale and tar sands, etc.

> Gas fossil fuels: Natural gas and derived gas

Quantities of dry gas, measured after purification and extraction of

natural gas liquids and sulphur. The production includes only marketable

production, and excludes any quantities re-injected, vented and flared,

and any extraction losses. The production includes all quantities used

within the natural gas industry, in gas extraction, pipeline systems and

processing plants.

> Nuclear heat

Quantities of heat produced in a reactor. Production is the actual heat

produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity

generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant.

> Renewable energy

Hydropower, Wind energy, Solar thermal, Solar photovoltaic energy…

Quantities of electricity generated. Production is calculated on the basis of

the gross electricity generated and a conversion factor of 3 600 kJ/kWh.

> Geothermal energy

Quantities of heat extracted from geothermal fluids. Production is

calculated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of

the fluid produced in the production borehole and that of the fluid

disposed of via the re-injection borehole.

> Biomass / Wastes

In the case of municipal solid waste (MSW), wood, wood waste and

other solid waste, production is the heat produced after combustion

and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel. In the

case of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes, production is the heat

content (NCV) of the biogases produced. The production includes all

quantities of gas consumed in the installation for the fermentation

processes, and excludes all quantities of flared gases. In the case of

biofuels, the production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel.

Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

Net Imports Net import is calculated as the difference between imports (B_100300)

and exports (B_100500).

Net Electricity GenerationThis is the amount of gross generation a generator produces less the

electricity used to operate the plant.

Petroleum and ProductsPetroleum and (petroleum) sub-products include crude oil (p:3105),

natural gas liquids (p:3106), feedstocks (p:3190) and all petroleum sub-

products such as LPG (p:3220), refinery gas (p:3210), motor gasoline

(p:3234), aviation gasoline (p:3235), kerosene and jet fuels (p:3240),

naphtha (p:3250), gas/diesel oil (p:3260), residual fuel oil (p:3270A), white

spirit, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum co*ke (p:3280) and other petroleum

products (p:3295). Petroleum and petroleum products (p:3000) is the

sum of Crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, & other hydrocarbon (p:3100) and all

petroleum sub-products (p:3200).

Primary Energy IntensityPrimary energy intensity corresponds to the Gross Inland consumption

minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption.

Primary Energy Production – Indigenous productionAny kind of extraction of energy products from natural sources to a usable

form is called primary production. Primary production takes place when

the natural sources are exploited, for example in coal mines, crude oil

fields, hydro power plants or fabrication of biofuels. Transformation of

energy from one form to another, such as electricity or heat generation in

thermal power plants, or co*ke production in co*ke ovens, is not included in

primary production. (B_100100)

The precise definition depends on the fuel involved:

> Solid fossil fuels: Hard coal, lignite, peat…

Quantities of fuels extracted or produced, calculated after any operation

for removal of inert matter. In general, production includes the quantities

consumed by the producer during the production as well as any quantities

supplied to other on-site producers of energy for transformation or other

uses.

256 257Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

Transformation input This covers all inputs into the transformation plants destined to be

converted into derived products, (B_101000). Transformation is only

recorded when the energy products are physically or chemically modified

to produce other energy products, electricity and/or heat. It is the sum

of the Input to conventional thermal power stations (B_101001), Input

to nuclear power stations (B_101002), Input to patent fuel & briquetting

plants (B_101003), Input to co*ke-oven plants (B_101004), Input to blast

furnace plants (B_101006), Input to gas-works (B_101007), Input to

refineries (B_101008), and Input to district heating plants (B_101009).

Transformation output This is the result of the transformation process of energy, (B_101100).

This output covers derived products, namely: patent fuel, co*ke, brown-coal

and peat briquettes, pitch, tar, benzol, refined petroleum products, derived

gases, electricity from conventional thermal and nuclear power stations

and derived heat. Transformation output refers always to gross production

of derived products, i.e. the own consumption of the transformation plants

is included. It is the sum of the Output from conventional thermal power

stations (B_101101), Output from nuclear power stations (B_101102),

Output from patent fuel & briquetting plants (B_101103), Output

from co*ke-oven plants (B_101104), Output from blast furnace plants

(B_101106), Output from gas-works (B_101107), Output from refineries

(B_101108) and Output from district heating plants (B_101109).

Transformation LossesThe difference between transformation input and transformation output

constitutes transformation losses.

Turnover Turnover or Gross Premium Written comprises the totals invoiced by the

observation unit during the reference period, and this corresponds to

market sales of goods or services supplied to third parties.

Unemployment RateThe unemployment rate represents unemployed persons as a percentage

of the active population.

Appendices – GlossaryAppendix 12

Glossary

Pumping, pumped storageMethod for storing electrical energy at hydroelectric installations by

pumping water between reservoirs at different altitudes.

Renewable Energy Sources (RES)See Primary Energy Production.

Public Supply Thermal Power StationsThese are defined as undertakings which generate electricity (and heat) for sale

to third parties as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned.

Solar EnergySolar radiation exploited for hot water production – solar thermal (p:5532)

and electricity generation – solar photovoltaic (p:5534). This energy

production (p:5530), is the heat available to the heat transfer medium,

i.e. the incident solar energy less the optical and collectors’ losses.

Solid FuelsSolid fuels cover solid fossil fuels such as hard coal (p:2111), coal patent

fuels (p:2112), co*ke (p:2120), coal tar (p:2130), lignite (p:2210), brown-

coal briquettes and peat briquettes (p:2230) and peat (p:2310). Solid

fuels (p:2000) is the sum of the codes hard coal & derivatives (p:2100)

and lignite and derivatives (p:2200), oil shale and oil sands (p:2410).

SBSStructural business statistics cover industry, construction, trade and

services. Presented according to the NACE activity classification, they

describe the structure, conduct and performance of businesses across the

European Union.

Tonne of Oil Equivalent (toe)The tonne of oil equivalent is a conventional standardised unit for

measuring energy, defined on the basis of a tonne of oil with a net calorific

value of 41 868 kilojoules/kg.

TPESTotal primary energy supply, an IEA definition, represents the quantity

of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical

entity under consideration. It corresponds to EUROSTAT gross inland

consumption. It is equal to the indigenous production + imports – exports

-international marine bunkers +/- stock changes.

258 259Appendices – NotesAppendix 13

Notes

Appendices – NotesAppendix 13

Notes

Appendix 13.22.1.1, pages 35-37Production comprises primary production and products recovered from

other sources, (B_100100 + B_100110 + B_100200 + B_100210).

2.1.2, pages 38-40 Net imports correspond to the total imports minus the total exports,

(B_100300 – B_100500).

2.1.3, pages 41-44Gross inland consumption represents the quantity of energy necessary to

satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration,

(B_100900).

2.2.1, pages 45-49Solid fuels, (p:2000), cover solid fossil fuels such as hard coal, coal patent

fuels, co*ke, coal tar, lignite, brown-coal briquettes, peat briquettes, peat

and oil sands. Hard coal, (p:2111), comprises only co*king coal and steam

coal.

2.2.2, pages 50-54Total Petroleum and sub-petroleum products, (p:3000), include crude oil

(p:3105), natural gas liquids (p:3106), feedstock (p:3190) and all petroleum

sub-products. Crude oil and NGL (p:3110) is a subgroup containing only

crude oil (p:3105) and natural gas liquids (p:3106) codes.

2.2.3, pages 55-58Gases, (p:4000), include natural gas (p:4100) and derived gases (p:4200).

2.2.5, pages 63-65For products see former points 2.2.1 to 2.2.3.

2.3, pages 66-72See, glossary energy import dependency, appendix 12.

Please note that hard coal dependency is a part of the solid fuels‘

dependency, natural gas, of the gases’ dependency, and crude and NGL of

the total petroleum and petroleum sub-products’ dependency. The total

import dependency covers all fuels, and it is not a simple average of the

afore-mentioned products.

2.5.1, page 79Energy available for final consumption covers the energy placed at the

disposal of final users. It includes final non-energy consumption.

2.5.2, pages 80-83Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s

door for all energy uses. It does not include final non-energy consumption.

2.5.3, page 84Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products for non-

energy purposes.

Notes

Appendix 13.11.1.1, 1.1.2, pages 10, 11Energy production corresponds to the indigenous energy production

(IEA methodology). It does not include production from other sources.

Asia aggregation does not include China data.

1.1.2, 1.1.4, 1.1.6, 1.1.8, pages 11, 13, 15 and 17Solid fuels include hard coal, lignite and peat, as well as derived fuels.

Petroleum and (petroleum) sub-products comprises crude oil, NGL,

feedstock, additives as well as other hydrocarbons.

RES (renewables) is equal to the sum of hydro, geothermal, solar PV, solar

thermal, tide, wind, municipal waste, primary solid biofuels, biogases,

bio gasoline, biodiesel, other liquid biofuels, non-specified biofuels and

charcoal energy. Industrial waste not included.

1.1.3, 1.1.4, pages 12, 13Gross Inland Consumption, EUROSTAT methodology (see glossary),

corresponds to the Total primary energy supply (see glossary TPES), of

the IEA methodology.

Asia aggregation does not include China data.

1.1.5, 1.1.6, pages 14, 15Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s

door for all energy uses.

Asia aggregation does not include China data.

1.1.8, page 17Total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat

exchanges. However only autoproducers’ heat sold to third parties is

included here. Autoproducers’ heat, used by the undertaking for their own

processes, is excluded.

1.1.10, page 19CO2 Intensity refers to CO2 emissions activity intensity, measured by its

gross inland consumption of energy.

1.2.5, page 26Natural gas, crude oil and solid fuels (p:4100, p:3105 and p:2000).

1.3.1, page 27Overall RES share, measured against the total gross final energy

consumption.

260 261Appendices – NotesAppendix 13

Notes

Appendices – NotesAppendix 13

Notes

2.9, pages 109-111Data is generated by the annual heat survey. Heat, in these tables, includes

the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat

exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary

energy form. Only heat sold to third parties is reported here.

2.10, pages 112-114The tables include the total final energy consumption of petroleum

products, and two of its main products: motor gasoline (p:3234), and

gas diesel (p:3260), and the total final energy consumption of biofuels

(p:5545), and its two main products: biogasoline (p:5546) and biodiesel

(p:5547).

2.11.1, page 116Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy

is being used (GIC) to produce an added value (GDP).

2.11.4, page 118Primary energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with

which primary energy is being used (GIC-FNEC) to produce an added value

(GDP).

2.13, pages 123-129All available price data has been used in the calculation of EU-wide fuel

price averages. The overall EU price is an average of the prices in the

individual countries weighted by their consumption.

2.5.4, page 85Primary energy intensity corresponds to the gross inland consumption

minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption,

(B_100900-B_101600).

2.6.1, pages 86-88Installed capacity represents the maximum active power that can be

supplied, continuously, with all systems running.

Please note that combustible fuels include not only fossil fuels, but also biomass

and wastes, that are also included later, in the renewables installed capacity.

2.6.2, pages 89-93The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main

transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and

in transformers is included.

2.7.1, pages 95-96Intermittent energy only includes wind and solar energy. Tide is not

included in the totals. The share of the intermittent energy is measured

against the total installed capacity, all sources.

2.7.2-2.7.8, pages 97-105Wind and solar energy generated by all producers. Annual installed

capacity includes new installations and replacement of former wind or

solar systems.

2.7.3, 2.7.4, pages 100-101Gross electricity production wind share measures the percentage of wind

produced electricity in the total production.

Average capacity factor is the ratio of actual energy output of wind sources

to its annual maximum potential output. It is equal to the total annual

electricity production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to an

average statistical year base.

2.7.8, page 105Gross electricity production solar share measures the percentage of solar

produced electricity in the total production.

2.8, pages 106-108The data collection for CHP generation is not based on the annual Heat

survey, but instead on a specific survey in accordance with the Community

Directive 2004/8/EC.

Differences can appear between the two datasets, especially due to the

more restrictive methodology employed in the CHP Directive.

While the Directive includes the production of all heat, sold to third parties,

under the Directive approach only heat/electricity meeting high-efficiency

criteria, is considered. However own heat used by the undertaking for its

own is included here.

262 263Appendices – NotesAppendix 13

Notes

Appendices – NotesAppendix 13

Notes

Appendix 13.44.1.1, pages 158-162GHG, greenhouse gases, are gases that contribute to the natural

greenhouse effect. GHG emissions aggregate includes Fuel combustion

emissions and other non-fuel linked emissions (Industrial processes,

agriculture…). Fuel combustion emissions include combustion in Energy

industries, Manufacturing Industries and construction, Transport ,

Commercial and Institutional, Residential, Agriculture, Forestry/Fisheries

and other combustion and fugitive emissions.

4.1.2 pages 163-167Structure of emissions similar to the GHG emissions.

4.2.2 page 169Carbon GDP intensity is the average emission rate of CO2 relative to the

total intensity of the economic activity, measured by its GDP.

Appendix 13.5For products see appendices 5-7 and glossary appendix 12. For indicators

see appendices 2-4 and glossary appendix 12. For units see appendices 8-11.

Petroleum ProductsHeating gasoil, low sulphur fuel oil, unleaded petrol and automotive diesel

prices are supplied to the Energy DG by the Member States as they are

the most frequently encountered for the specific categories of sales.

The prices given are as of January 15th in each year.

The heating gasoil prices given are for deliveries of between 2 000 and

5 000 litres while those for low sulphur fuel oil are for monthly deliveries

of less than 2 000 tonnes or annual deliveries of less than 24 000 tonnes.

The average pump prices are given for motor fuels.

The EU average prices are calculated by weighting the prices from each

country by the corresponding final energy consumption.

Electricity and gasThe legal basis for the collection of industrial gas and electricity prices

is defined by EC Directive 2008/92/EC. The collection of prices includes

national average prices of the last 6 months reported by different

consumer bands. All taxes are included in the current prices.

Consumption bands have been selected as the most representative for

the exercise.

Appendix 13.33.1.1, page 134Energy activities sector in its broad and narrow definition (sector D35),

as defined by EUROSTAT/NACE and UN/SIC nomenclatures.

3.2, pages 135-137Data from the LFS survey. At employment level, this dataset presents

larger figures than the SBS, due to the difference of methodology, and

its sample size.

3.3, pages 138-149Includes data on number of enterprises, turnover, and persons declared

as employed, originating from the SBS survey which notably targets business

enterprises. At employment level, this is more disaggregated but less complete

than the LFS survey.

3.4, pages 150-154Data is extracted from DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO database.

Differences mainly due to data freshness, constant revisions and

methodology can appear when comparing with Eurostat economic data.

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MJ-A

B-14-001-EN-C

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/statistics/statistics_en.htm

ISBN 978-92-79-29317-7 doi:10.2833/24150